- •Колесник д. М., Куроченко ю. С.,
- •A word to the reader
- •Передмова
- •Introductory phonetic-orthoepic course
- •Introduction
- •Introductory text*
- •Vocabualary practice
- •1. We use certain expressions in different social situations.
- •2. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words in brackets.
- •3. Complete the following sentences.
- •4. Translate into English.
- •5. Match the sentences with the correct photos. The first was done for you.
- •1. Address the following people.
- •2. Insert a suitable form of address.
- •3. Fill in prepositions or adverbs where necessary.
- •1. Read the following dialogues.
- •2. Complete the conversations with the correct expressions.
- •3. Make up your own dialogues with the following word combinations.
- •4. Translate the following dialogues into English.
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •3. Match the story with the correct words.
- •4. Translate into English.
- •1. Read the following dialogues.
- •2. Find the logical order of the following dialogue parts.
- •3. Translate the anecdotes into English.
- •Horoscope Chart
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •1. Fill in the gaps with prepositions.
- •2. Complete the sentences with the suitable words. More than one answer is possible.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the correct words.
- •4. From these jumbled words, find combinations to describe people, as in the example. Some of the combinations are hyphenated. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •1. You want to know about the following: someone’s general appearance / their height / their weight.
- •2. How would you describe a person in each of these cases?
- •3. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •4. Study the article and do the following activities.
- •Does Mother Nature Know Better?
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •3. Read the following dialogue. An Apartment to Let
- •4. Act as interpreter, translate Ukrainian lines into English. Examining an Apartment
- •1. Imagine you’ve just moved into a new flat, and for the first six months you can only have six of the following. Which would you choose?
- •2. Study the advertisements and find the following.
- •Introductory text
- •Everything about Time
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Choose the correct answer.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •2. Tell what’s the time:
- •3. Read the following dialogues.
- •4. Complete the dialogue.
- •1. Can you complete these sentences with the correct number?
- •2. Read the poem and tell what happened to Solomon Grundy during a week.
- •4. Speak about yourself and your country completing these sentences.
- •5. Read the joke and say how you personally appreciate time.
- •Introductory text
- •Vocabualary practice
- •Identify weather conditions in these pictures.
- •2. What disaster is being described in each of these sentences?
- •1. Say the following in one word.
- •Seasonal Affective Disorder
- •Introductory text
- •Natural Destruction
- •Vocabualary practice
- •Bank, resources, global, tropical, acid, ozone, industrial, car exhaust
- •If we want to look after the environment, there are certain things we should and shouldn’t do. Complete these two lists in suitable ways.
- •Survive, extinct, green, countryside, endangered, fumes, pollution, farmland
- •Improving Zoos
- •It’s Getting Hotter
- •Rethink Rubbish
- •An Ant’s Eye View
- •Introductory text
- •Telegraph and Telephone
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following.
- •3. Find the synonyms to the following words.
- •4. Make the annotation of the text, completing the following sentences.
- •Vocabulary practice
- •People – the great communicators
- •1. Read the following dialogue.
- •2. Find the logical order of the following dialogue parts.
- •3. Fill the gaps in these phone conversations with suitable words or phrases.
- •1. Study the information and express your ideas.
- •Basic Cell Phone Etiquette
- •2. Add other advantages and disadvantages of using mobile phone from your own experience.
- •Modern means of communication
- •4. Read the article and tell if there should be adopted restrictions on cell phone use in our country.
- •5. What do you think about the following statement?
- •Internet Craze
- •Introductory text
- •Our Lives and Computer Technology
- •1. Find in the text English equivalents to the following.
- •2. Complete the following sentences.
- •Vocabulary practice
- •1. Add another word, abbreviation, or part of a word, to complete common ‘computer’ words and phrases.
- •2. Can you remember what these symbols mean?
- •3. Complete the text with the words in the box.
- •4. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •5. Read, smile and find in the Internet similar computer jokes either in English or in Ukrainian.
- •1. Read the following dialogue. Hooking Up My Computer
- •2. Read the dialogue and fill in the missing words. The first letter of each missing word is given.
- •3. Computers have many applications in a great variety of fields.
- •4. Study the information and express your ideas on the topic. Computer Effects on Human Health
- •1. Read the text and do the following tasks.
- •Computer – a Miraculous Device
- •2. Study the article and answer the questions.
- •Do Computers Rule Our Lives?
- •3. In small groups, choose one of the areas in the diagram below and discuss what computers can do in this area.
- •4. Mini-project.
- •Help Box
- •Introductory text
- •Juvenile Crime
- •Decide whether the following statements about the text are true or false.
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Perceptions of youth and adulthood
- •Break, hear, come, leave, go Teenage Party Ends in Tears
- •1. Read the following dialogue. The Generation Gap: Myth or Reality?
- •2. What is your opinion of the following statements? Agree or disagree.
- •4. Read the text and do the activities that follow. Coping With Stress
- •1. Read the text and express your ideas on the offered questions.
- •2. Study the information about youth subcultures and tell…
- •3. Write a paragraph to fit this newspaper headline. Give some details about the crime and the court case using topical vocabulary.
- •Introductory text
- •The Best Shopping Street in the World
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following.
- •Vocabulary practice
- •3. Match up the shop (departments) with the appropriate goods. Give answers in the box.
- •4. Say the same in one word or a phrase.
- •5. Fill in the blank with the corresponding words.
- •6. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •1. Read the following dialogue.
- •2. Find the logical order of the following dialogue parts.
- •3. Complete these lines from the conversations.
- •4. Explain clothing idioms and find equivalents in your native language. Use them in the sentences of your own.
- •5. Comparing shopping.
- •1. Read the text and check your ideas. Understanding the Information on the Label
- •2. Read the text and do the activities that follow. The best places to go shopping in the world, and how to pick up a bargain when you get there
- •4. Do the shopping crossword and check how easy it is.
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following.
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Ukrainian Cuisine
- •Things go better with Coca-Cola
- •To make, to become, to grow, to eat, to open (2), to call, to prefer, to give, to buy History of the Hamburger
- •Introductory text
- •Vocabualary practice
- •2. Which symptoms indicate these diseases?
- •3. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words.
- •4. Match the words on the left to their definitions on the right.
- •5. What advice does the doctor give?
- •6. Translate the sentences into English.
- •1. Read the following dialogues.
- •2. Complete the following dialogue with the appropriate words from the box.
- •3. Below is step-to-step guide to artificial respiration. Put the jumbled sentences in the right order by numbering them (1 – 7). The Kiss of Life
- •4. Put the words into the gaps in the text.
- •5. Put the correct words from the table below in the above article.
- •6. Read the article; state whether the sentences given after it true (t) or false (f).
- •Chocolate is Good for Your Health
- •2. Study the article and discuss the following:
- •Cleopatra’s Eye Make-Up Had Health Benefits
- •3. Read the article about eating disorders and tell whether you agree / disagree with the following statements:
- •Introductory text
- •The Use of Leisure
- •Vocabualary practice
- •4. Organize these words and put them in the correct columns below.
- •Valuable, afford, traditional, weird, video arcades, rhythm
- •Music Festivals
- •American County Fairs
- •Introductory text
- •Vocabualary practice
- •1. Match the words and word combinations from the left column with the definitions from the right column.
- •2. Find the ‘odd one out’. There may be more than one answer. Give your reasons.
- •3. Read the text. Use the word given in brackets changing its form as in the example.
- •4. Read the sayings of famous people about art and decide which definition appeals to you most. You may choose several sayings to complete your own definition.
- •5. Read the following dialogue and discuss the after-dialogue questions.
- •1. Read the lines of a comic vaudeville ‘Romantic Fools’ by Rich Orloff.
- •2. What word or phrase is being defined?
- •3. Fill in the blanks below with the words in the box.
- •Blockbusters
- •4. Study the inside structure of a theatre. Which seats are the most prestigious / convenient / cheap / expensive?
- •5. Write out music styles mentioned in the text. Think of other styles, give their definition or description.
- •6. Translate into English.
- •American Graffiti
- •What’s the Point?
- •In the town (Directions, Street Notices)
- •Introductory text
- •Car Driving and Traffic Regulations
- •Vocabualary practice
- •1. Make up the words out of the given letters.
- •2. Find the topic-connected words among jumbled letters in the box.
- •3. Match the words or word combinations with their definitions.
- •4. Match the sign with the correct word below.
- •5. Choose a proper word from the box to complete the sentences.
- •School zone, pedestrian, one way, speed limit, yield, railroad tracks, left turn, u-turn, tollbooth, stop, enter, right turn, median, exit, speed limit
- •6. Translate into English.
- •1. Read the following dialogues.
- •2. Fill in the gaps of the text using the words in right-hand column.
- •3. You are at point X in the map. Follow the directions and write the name of the place next to each sentence.
- •1. Read the text and do the activities that follow. New York City Cab Driver
- •2. Read the text about the underground system in London, divide it into logical parts, entitle them. London Tube
- •Introductory text
- •Vocabualary practice
- •Carriage, resort, destination, arrival, cruise, brochure, cabin, platform
- •British Holidaymakers
- •Ellen Macarthur
- •A Safe Trip Abroad
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Complete the following sentences using the text information.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •3. Find the ‘odd one out’. There may be more than one answer. Give your reasons.
- •Advance, bunk beds, dormitory, double room, family room, key, reception, single room, twin room, vacancies
- •1. Read the following dialogues.
- •Bill, bottle, dessert, drinks, fish and chips, hungry, menu, non-smoker, order, table
- •3. Translate the following dialogues into English.
- •4. Translate into English.
- •5. Translate the words in brackets in the correct tense form. Real Personal Service
- •1. Read the text and find examples of historical hotels in your own country. Hotel History. Inn
- •2. What would you say in these situations?
- •3. Disagree with the statements avoiding simple negations.
- •4. Lest we forget how difficult it is to master the English language, consider these travel and hotel signs from around the world. Try to say them correctly.
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Choose one suitable word underlined in each sentence.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •1. Match the words and word combinations from the left column with the definitions from the right column.
- •2. Choose the correct variant.
- •3. Choose the correct response out of two. If both responses are acceptable, choose the one that sounds more natural.
- •4. Read the text. Use the word given in brackets changing its form as in the example.
- •5. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •2. Read the text, putting the verbs in the proper tense form.
- •3. Work in pairs. Make up the dialogues on the following situations:
- •4. Guess what holidays (American, Ukrainian and British) are described in the following sentences. The answers are given below.
- •Halloween: Holiday of the Dead
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •2. Read the text. Use the word given in brackets changing its form as in the example.
- •3. Choose the correct variant to complete the sentences.
- •4. Match the halves of the sentence.
- •5. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •1. Read the following dialogues.
- •2. Translate these questions into English and answer them.
- •4. Put words in the correct order. Add some words if necessary. The City of Odesa
- •5. Render this text in English.
- •1. Read the text and do the tasks that follow.
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •4. Paraphrase the parts of the sentences in bold type using words and word combinations from the text. Change the new sentences if it is required.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •3. Find the ‘odd one out’. There may be more than one answer. Give your reasons.
- •4. What do you think a good language learner does? Make up as many sentences as possible with the phrase given in the table.
- •5. Match the words and word combinations with their explanation.
- •6. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where required.
- •1. Read the following dialogue.
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Decide which answer – a, b, c or d – best fits each space and read the story given below. Experience in Learning a Foreign Language
- •The English-Speaking World
- •Канадський варіант англійської мови.
- •How the Americans Speak English
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Choose the correct answer.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •2. There are 15 words in this word square that are connected with money. Find 14 more by looking across or down the word square.
- •3. What can you say in these situations? Complete the sentences but don’t use the underlined words and phrases.
- •4. Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete each sentence.
- •5. Match the words and word combinations from the left column with the definitions from the right column.
- •6. Choose one suitable word underlined in each sentence.
- •1. Read the following dialogues.
- •2. Choose the most suitable response to each sentence (a-I) from the sentences (1-9).
- •3. Translate the sentences into English.
- •4. Read the text. Use the word given in brackets changing its form as in the example.
- •5. Read the conversations below and guess the meanings of the phrases in bold. Match them with the definitions after the dialogues.
- •1. Read the text and do the tasks given after it. Making a Million
- •2. Read and explain the following quotations.
- •Introductory text
- •1. Comprehension questions.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and phrases.
- •Vocabualary practice
- •2. Translate the words given in brackets.
- •3. Read the text. Use the word given in brackets changing its form as in the example.
- •4. Choose the correct word in each sentence.
- •5. Choose the correct option.
- •6. Translate the following sentences.
- •4. Read the dialogues.
- •5. What would you say if you took part in these dialogues?
- •6. Translate the dialogues into English.
- •1. Study the following information carefully and give answers to the questions.
- •3. Read the sample of application form. What is the difference between application form and resume? Try to fill in the following:
- •Family relations
- •Appearance and Character
- •Dwelling and its Types
- •Time and Dates
- •Natural Phenomena in Weather and Seasons
- •Global Environmental Problems
- •Modern Means of Communication
- •Computer in Our Life
- •Youth Problems
- •Shops and Shopping
- •Food and Meals
- •Leisure Time
- •In the town
- •Traveling and Going through Customs
- •Home and Foreign Holidays and Traditions
- •Ukraine
- •English-speaking countries
- •Money, Currency, Finance
- •Job Hunting
- •Interrogative Pronouns (Питальні займенники)
- •Indefinite Pronouns (Неозначені займенники)
- •Verb. Auxiliary Verbs to be, to have, to do
- •Indefinite Group of Tenses
- •To VII (ed) / to be – was, were
- •Infinitive
- •1. Insert articles a / an, the where possible.
- •2. Complete the sentences using a / an, the where necessary.
- •3. Supply a / an, the where possible.
- •4. Choose the correct answer, pay attention on the usage of a definite article.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •Food fit for a king!
- •1. Make the following nouns plural.
- •2.Choose the correct verb is / are. Mind the noun (singular or plural).
- •3. Make selected nouns plural. Don’t forget to make other changes in the sentences.
- •4. Choose the correct word in brackets.
- •5. Choose the correct form of the compound noun.
- •6. Write selected nouns singular. Make changes in the sentence where necessary.
- •7. Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
- •8. Rewrite these sentences using ‘s, s’, or just an apostrophe (‘).
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10*. Supply the correct plural forms.
- •2. Fill in the missing words into the gaps. Mind the first two words in each task.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Decide which one is right. If wrong correct it.
- •6. Rewrite the sentences using the italicized words.
- •7. Supply as…as, not so…as, less.
- •8. Read the conversation with Todd. He compares the places he visited last year. Can you complete any of the sentences?
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10*. Put in the right forms. Alternatives are possible.
- •1. Use the correct personal pronouns. Watch the words in brackets. Model: ___ often reads books. (Lisa) – She often reads books.
- •2. Put in my / our / your / his / her / their / its.
- •3. Choose the right word.
- •4. Put in the relative pronouns who, which or whose where necessary. Model: Peter is the boy ____ rides the blue bike. – Peter is the boy who rides the blue bike.
- •5. Supply anybody / anyone, nothing, anything, nobody / no one, somebody / someone or something in these sentences.
- •6. Translate into English.
- •7*. Put in reflexive pronouns (ourselves, etc.) or object pronouns (us, etc.). Keep smiling
- •Verbs to be, to have, to do
- •1. Put in the following forms of to be (am, are, is) into the gaps in the text.
- •2. Supply am, is, are, was, were or weren’t.
- •3. Decide which tense / number of the expression there is / are fits in the sentence below.
- •5. Look at the underlined forms of have, has or had in the following sentences. Decide whether these verbs are auxiliary verbs or main verbs.
- •6. Complete the following sentences by using the right form of to have (have, has, had).
- •7. Define the meaning of the verb “to do” in the following sentences.
- •8. Complete the following sentences by using the right form of to do (do, don’t, does, doesn’t, did, didn’t, done).
- •Indefinite group
- •1. Replace the infinitive in brackets by the Present Indefinite Tense (I do).
- •2. Choose the correct verb in each sentence.
- •4. Put the words in these questions in correct order. Then, write short answers.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •1. Complete these sentences. Use the verbs from the box in Past Indefinite.
- •Clean, die, enjoy, finish, happen, live, open, play, rain, smoke, start, stay, want, watch
- •2. Supply the past forms of the irregular verbs in italics.
- •5. Correct the following sentences.
- •1. Put the following sentences in the Future Indefinite Tense.
- •2. Insert the missing conjunctions in the following sentences. Use conjunctions: when, till, before, after, as soon as, while, if.
- •4. Complete the sentences. Use I think I’ll … or I don’t think I’ll and one of the following verbs: buy, go, have, play.
- •6. Translate into English.
- •7. Put down five types of questions to the following sentences.
- •1. Open the brackets using Present Continuous (I’m doing).
- •2. Translate the words given in brackets using Present Continuous.
- •3. Use the verbs given in brackets in Present Indefinite (I do) / Present Continuous (I’m doing).
- •4. Complete the sentences with Present Indefinite (I do) / Present Continuous (I’m doing) forms of the following verbs.
- •Belong, need, see, take, bite, play, shine, understand, drive, prefer, sing, watch, look, rain, snow, write
- •1. Use Past Continuous (I was doing) in the sentences below.
- •2. Complete the sentences in a choosing the most suitable phrase from b.
- •3. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Put the verbs into correct form: Past Indefinite (I did) / Past Continuous (I was doing).
- •4. Complete the sentences using Past Continuous of the verbs in the box.
- •Answer, begin, climb, count, drive, eat, look, melt, sign, stand, walk
- •5. Thanslate the following sentences.
- •6*. Put in Past Indefinite (I did) / Past Continuous (I was doing). Note where both forms are possible.
- •1. Open the brackets using Future Continuous (I will be doing).
- •2. Supply Future Indefinite (I will do) / Future Continuous (I will be doing).
- •3. Use Past Continuous (I was doing) / Future Continuous (I will be doing) in the following sentences.
- •4. Translate the following sentences.
- •To break, to buy, to finish, to do, to go (2), to lose, to paint, to read, to take
- •6*. Put in the correct forms of have / have got.
- •2. Join these pairs of sentences, using the conjunctions in brackets. Change one verb into the Past Perfect (I had done).
- •3. Supply the Past Perfect (I had done) / Past Simple (I did).
- •4. Open the brackets using the verbs in Past Simple (I did) / Past Continuous (I was doing) / Past Perfect (I had done)
- •5. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •6. Make up five types of questions to the following sentences.
- •7*. Open the brackets using Past Simple (I did) / Past Perfect (I had done) a Happy Patient
- •3. Using the words in brackets, complete the text below with the Future Simple (I will do) / Future Perfect (I will have done)
- •4. First, read Jack’s itinerary for tomorrow. Then, for each sentence, choose either Future Continuous (I will be doing) or Future Perfect (I will have done) to complete it.
- •5*. Put in the Future Simple (I will do) / Future Continuous (I will be doing) / Future Perfect (I will have done). Flying Junk
- •Insert ‘have’ / ‘has’ according to the person given.
- •8*. Put in the Present Perfect (I have done) / Present Perfect Continuous (I have been doing) / Past Simple (I did). The Australian Salute
- •5*. Put in the Past Perfect (I had done) / Past Perfect Continuous (I had been doing) / Past Simple (I did). Give alternatives where possible. Cooking the Books?
- •1. Write passive sentences in Present, Past, Future Simple.
- •2. Rewrite the sentences in Passive Voice.
- •3. Rewrite the sentences in the proper tenses in Passive.
- •4. Put the verbs in brackets into Past Indefinite or Past Continuous Passive.
- •5. When were these famous people born? Choose the right year for each person.
- •6. Complete the sentences using being with one of these verbs: keep, pay, attack, give, invite, use, ask
- •7. Give the following sentences in Passive Voice.
- •8. Rewrite the sentences in Active Voice.
- •9. Translate into English using the verbs in Passive.
- •10*. Put in the correct forms, active or passive, of the verbs in brackets. How the other half lives
- •1. Choose the correct word from those in brackets to fill the blank in each sentence.
- •2. Fill in the table reporting the statements with said (except 13) moving the clauses ‘one tense back’.
- •3. Turn each direct-speech statements into indirect speech with tense changes. Just what the doctor ordered!
- •4. Report these Yes / No questions moving the clauses ‘one tense back’.
- •5. Report these special questions moving the clauses ‘one tense back’.
- •6. Report these subject-questions moving the clauses ‘one tense back’ only where necessary.
- •7. Report the following statements using indirect commands.
- •I told him to wait for me.
- •8. Renew direct speech in the following sentences.
- •9. Translate the sentences following the rules of Sequence of Tenses.
- •10*. Put in the correct forms and tenses into the gaps. Burning the candles at both ends
- •1. Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs.
- •2. Change these sentences to begin with an imperative.
- •3. Write Type 2 Conditionals to match these situations.
- •If I had a spare ticket, I could / would take you to the concert.
- •4. Write sentences with I wish…
- •5. Comment on the following situations with if (expressing regret, etc.).
- •If John hadn’t eaten too / so much birthday cake, he wouldn’t have been sick.
- •6. Use Mixed Conditionals in these sentences.
- •7. Open brackets using Zero Conditional.
- •8. Translate into English using Conditionals.
- •9*. Put in the right Conditionals. The secret of a long life
- •Infinitive
- •1. Translate and memorize the following expressions.
- •2. State the form and the function of the Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •3. Use the appropriate form of the Infinitive.
- •4. Insert to where necessary.
- •5. Combine each of the following parts of sentences into one sentence using an Infinitive.
- •6. Complete the following sentences by adding the Infinitive to each sentence.
- •7. Insert the correct forms of the verbs given in brackets after ‘would rather’ and ‘would sooner’.
- •8. Translate the sentences into English using the Infinitive.
- •9*. Put in the correct forms of the verbs. One Cube or Two?
- •Insert to where necessary.
- •1. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian, paying special attention to the use of the Complex Object.
- •2. Insert to where necessary.
- •3. Replace the following complex sentences or groups of sentences by simple sentences with the Complex Object.
- •I saw him cross the street
- •4. Fill in the blanks with suitable verbs. Give several variants where possible.
- •6. Translate the sentences into English using the Complex Object.
- •1. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Complex Subject.
- •2. Open the brackets using the correct form of the Infinitive.
- •3. Translate the words in brackets.
- •3. Paraphrase the following sentences using the Complex Subject.
- •4. Transform the following sentences using the Complex Subject. Use the verbs given in brackets.
- •5. Translate the sentence into English using the Complex Subject.
- •1. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian paying special attention to the form and function of the Participle in the sentence.
- •2. Open the brackets using the correct form of the Participle. Don’t mix these forms.
- •3. Translate the following expressions.
- •4. Transform the following sentences according to the model.
- •5. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms from the right column.
- •6. Complete the sentences, using the Participle.
- •7. Open the brackets. Use the appropriate forms of the Participle or of the Infinitive.
- •8. Translate the sentences into English using the Participle.
- •9*. Put in the correct forms of the infinitive or –ing.
- •This Way! That Way!
- •Insert the right form of the Participle into the blank space.
- •1. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian paying special attention to the use of the Gerund.
- •2. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary
- •3. Match the parts of sentences in two columns.
- •4. Complete the sentences by translating what is given in brackets using the Gerund. Insert prepositions where necessary.
- •5. Translate the sentences into English using the Gerund.
- •6. Put the verbs into the correct form (Gerund or Infinitive).
- •7. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (Gerund or Infinitive).
- •1. Supply can, may, must and their negative forms (can’t / may not / mustn’t) where needed.
- •2. Rewrite these sentences using can, can’t, could, couldn’t.
- •3. Supply can, can’t, could, couldn’t, was / were able to, managed to. Alternatives are possible.
- •4. Supply suitable forms of to be able to in these sentences.
- •5. Complete the sentences with must, mustn’t, needn’t.
- •6. Supply must have been, can’t, couldn’t have been, have to, had to (be), didn’t have to (be).
- •7. Rephrase these notices to give or refuse permission. Begin each sentence with You…..
- •8. Supply the correct tense form of to allowed to.
- •9. Respond to these statements with should, shouldn’t, shouldn’t have done that, oughtn’t to have done that.
- •10. Translate the sentences using can / could / to be able to, may / might, must / to be to / to have to, should / ought to, need.
- •11*. Put in am, can, can’t, couldn’t, have had to, haven’t been able to, may, must, must be, must have. Remember me?
Introductory text
Notes to the text:
functional / metabolic efficiency – функціональна / метаболічна (що стосується обміну речовин) дієвість (ефективність)
World Health Organization – Всесвітня організація здоров’я (ВОЗ)
complete physical / mental / social well-being – повний фізичний / розумовий / соціальний добробут (здоров’я)
absence of disease / infirmity – відсутність захворювань / недуг
Health Triangle – трикутник здоров’я
to be prone to – бути схильним до
genetics– генетика (наука про спадковість чи про вроджені характеристики)
lifestyle – стиль (спосіб) життя
access to health care – доступ до охорони здоров’я
to be restricted – бути обмеженим
longevity – довголіття
positive attitude – позитивне ставлення
hygiene ['hαd3i:n] – гігієна
to floss(ed) teeth – чистити зуби флосом (шовкова стрічка)
dead skin cells – відмерлі клітини шкіри
germ – мікроб
Health is the general condition of a person in all aspects. It is also a level of functional and metabolic efficiency of a human organism.
At the time of the creation of the World Health Organization (WHO), in 1948, health was defined as being ‘a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’.
Overall health is achieved through a combination of physical, mental, and social well-being, which, together is commonly referred to as the Health Triangle. There are four general determinants of health including human biology, environment, lifestyle, and healthcare services.
According to the World Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the physical environment and the person’s individual characteristics and behaviors. Generally, people who finish higher education are more likely to get a better job and therefore are less prone to stress by comparing to individuals with low education levels.
The physical environment includes such factors as clean water and air, safe houses, communities and roads. All of them contribute to good health.
Genetics are also part of the system on which the health of the population can be established. It concerns habits and behaviors individuals develop during their life, particularly in terms of lifestyle choices. For instance, people who come from families whose members had a more active lifestyle and followed healthier diets, non-smoking and non-drinking are more likely to follow the same pattern in their life.
Moreover, the World Health Organization lists a wide range of other factors that can influence the well-being of a person. Access to health care is one of the large issues of the nowadays society, maybe even greater than the quality of the service. Individuals in developing countries are more prone to suffer from different health conditions because their access to the health care system is restricted mostly from financial reasons.
Personal health depends partially on the social structure of one’s life. The maintenance of strong social relationships is linked to good health conditions, longevity, productivity, and a positive attitude.
Hygiene is the practice of keeping the body clean to prevent infection and illness, and the avoidance of contact with infectious agents. Hygiene practices include bathing, brushing and flossing teeth, washing hands especially before eating, washing food before it is eaten, cleaning food preparation utensils and surfaces before and after preparing meals, and many others. This may help prevent infection and illness. By cleaning the body, dead skin cells are washed away with the germs, reducing their chance of entering the body.
Comprehension questions.
What’s the general definition of health?
Explain what Health Triangle is.
What do main determinants of health include?
What is physical environment?
How can genetics influence human health?
What is access to health care and who is restricted to it?
How can you explain social structure of one’s life?
Enumerate hygiene factors?
Complete the following sentences using the text information.
At the time of the creation of the World Health Organization (WHO), in 1948, health was defined as…
There are four general determinants of health including…
People who finish higher education are more likely to get a…
Clean water and air, safe houses, communities and roads contribute to…
People follow healthier diets, non-smoking and non-drinking lifestyle are more likely to…
Individuals in developing countries are more prone to suffer from different health conditions because…
By cleaning the body, dead skin cells are…
TOPICAL VOCABULARY
|
1. General |
1. Загальна лексика |
|
to be ill / to fall ill / to complain of smth / to trouble (bother, disturb) / to suffer (ed) from |
бути хворим / захворіти / скаржитися на щось / турбувати /страждати від, хворіти |
|
ache / toothache / headache / earache |
біль (тривалий, тупий) / зубний біль / головний біль / біль у вусі |
|
pain / in the back |
біль (гострий) / у спині |
|
sore throat / to gargle(d) the throat |
біль у горлі / полоскати горло |
|
sleep / liver / visual disorder |
розлад сну / печінки / зору |
|
to take (took; taken) the temperature / to be running a high temperature / fever |
зміряти температуру / мати високу температуру / лихоманка |
|
high blood pressure / to measure(d) blood pressure / to feel one’s pulse / to breathe in (out) |
високий кров’яний тиск / зміряти тиск / прощупати пульс / вдихати (видихати) |
|
rash / itch / spots (pimple) / boil (blister) |
висип / сверблячка / прищі / фурункул (нарив) |
|
to catch (caught; ~) a cold / to sneeze(d; ing) / running (clogged) nose / to blow (clear) the nose / to cough(ed; ing) / |
застудитися / чхати (чхання) / нежить / висякати носа / кашляти (кашель) |
|
to feel (felt;~) stiff, shivery / to stay(ed) in bed / to be run down |
почуватися слабко, тремтіти / залишатися в ліжку / перевтомитися |
|
to feel dizzy (dizziness) / to lose consciousness (to faint) / to come around (to one’s senses) / nausea / vomiting |
голова паморочиться / знепритомніти / прийти до тями / нудота / блювота |
|
stress / depression / exhaustion |
стрес / депресія / виснаження |
|
to lose (lost; ~) appetite / indigestion / constipation / diarrhea |
втратити апетит / нетравлення шлунку / запор / пронос |
|
to heal(ed) / to treat(ed) for (to cure smb of smth) / to do good (harm) |
загоюватися (про рану)/лікувати від / допомогти (зашкодити) |
|
to get better / to recover (ed) |
одужувати |
|
2. Human body |
2. Людське тіло |
|
skeleton / spine (backbone) / spinal cord / back |
скелет / хребет / спинний мозок / спина |
|
head / back of the head / top of the head / skull / brain |
голова / потилиця / тім’я / череп / мозок |
|
ears / nose / chin / neck |
вуха / ніс / підборіддя / шия |
|
shoulders / shoulder-blade / collar-bone / chest (breastbone) |
плечі / лопатка / ключиця / грудна клітина |
|
arm (hand) / elbow / wrist / palm |
рука / лікоть / зап’ястя / долоня |
|
ribs / hip |
ребра / стегно, поперек |
|
leg / thigh / knee / calf / ankle / foot / heel / instep |
нога / стегно (ноги) / коліно / литка / щиколотка / стопа / п’ята / підйом (ноги) |
|
face / eye (see Lesson 2 p.4) |
обличчя / очі (дивись урок 2, п. 4) |
|
inner organs and systems: |
внутрішні органи та системи: |
|
throat / bronchus (pl. bronchi, bronchia) / lung |
горло / бронх / легеня |
|
blood circulation / heart / vein / artery / capillary |
система кровообігу / серце / кровоносна судина / артерія / капіляр |
|
digestive system / gullet / stomach / liver / intestine / pancreas / gall bladder / spleen |
система травлення / стравохід / шлунок / печінка / кишечник / підшлункова залоза / жовчний міхур / селезінка |
|
genital (reproductive) system / kidney / bladder |
статева система / нирка / сечовий міхур |
|
nervous system / nerve (visual / motor) |
нервова система / нерв (зоровий / руховий) |
|
muscular system / muscles |
м’язова система / м’язи |
|
3. Diseases / Injuries / Wounds |
3. Захворювання / Ушкодження / Рани |
|
sickness (illness, disease) / (non)communicable (catching, contagious) / (in)curable / inherited / inborn / fatal / virus |
захворювання / (не)заразне / (не)виліковне / спадкове / вроджене / згубне (неминуче) / вірус |
|
epidemic / pandemic (over a whole country or the world) |
епідемія / пандемія (із поширенням по всій країні або по світу) |
|
food poisoning / ulcer / heartburn / to be allergic to |
харчове отруєння /виразка / печія / мати алергію на щось |
|
bleeding / brain hemorrhage / anemia / myocardial infarction (heart attack) / stroke |
кровотеча / крововилив у мозок / анемія / інфаркт міокарда / інсульт |
|
cold / flu / bronchitis / pneumonia / asthma / quinsy |
застуда / грип / бронхіт / запалення легенів / астма / ангіна |
|
rheumatism / appendicitis / cancer / chicken pox / measles / mumps |
ревматизм / апендицит / рак / вітряна віспа / кір / свинка |
|
burn / cut / scar / bruise (a black eye) |
опік / поріз / шрам / синець |
|
lump / swelling |
пухлина / набряк |
|
dislocation / sprain / fracture / to break a leg, ribs |
вивих / розтягнення зв’язок / перелом/поламати ногу,ребра |
|
physically challenged person (handicapped, disabled, invalid) / to limp(ed) |
людина з обмеженими фізичними можливостями / шкутильгати |
|
dumb (dumbness) / deaf (deafness) / blind (blindness) / short-sighted / long-sighted |
німий (німота) / глухий (глухота) / сліпий (сліпота) / короткозорий / далекозорий |
|
bullet (knife) wound / to shoot (shot;~) / to stab(bed) / to get beaten up / to clean a wound |
кульове (ножове)поранення / застрелити когось / вдарити ножем / бути побитим кимось / промити рану |
|
4. Medicine / Treatment |
4. Ліки / Лікування |
|
chemist’s (drugstore) / to make up a medicine (homeopathy) |
аптека / приготувати ліки (гомеопатія) |
|
to take medicines for / a tablespoonful / a teaspoonful / three times a day / every two hours / before (after) meals / on an empty stomach |
уживати ліки проти / по столовій ложці / по чайній ложці / тричі на день / кожні дві години / до (після) їди / натщесерце |
|
antibiotic (broad spectrum) / pain-killer (reliever) / cough syrup (mixture) / pills (capsules) / tablets / drops / powders / ointment |
антибіотик (широкої дії) / знеболювальне / сироп (мікстура) проти кашлю / пігулки (капсули) / таблетки / краплі / порошки / мазь |
|
brilliant green / iodine / hydrogen peroxide / alcohol |
зеленка / йод / перекис водню / спирт |
|
to write out a prescription / to be on a (strict) diet, on a sick-leave |
виписати рецепт / бути на (суворій) дієті,на лікарняному |
|
to put (to remove) a dressing (bandage) / cotton / to give injection / to be inoculated against / to put a hot-water bottle / mustard-plaster |
накласти (зняти) пов’язку (бинт) / вати / зробити укол / зробити щеплення проти / покласти грілку / гірчичник |
|
blood transfusion / X-ray |
переливання крові / рентген |
|
doctors: |
лікарі: |
|
physician (general practitioner) / oculist / psychiatrist / surgeon / oncologist / traumatologist / dermatologist / pediatrician / gynecologist / dentist / urologist / cosmetologist / allergist / tuberculosis specialist / nurse |
терапевт / окуліст / психіатр / хірург / онколог / травматолог / дерматолог / педіатр / гінеколог / стоматолог / уролог / косметолог / алерголог / фтизіатр / медсестра |
|
5. Admitting to a Hospital |
5. Перебування в лікарні |
|
to take (to admit) to a hospital (to hospitalize) / to be discharged from a hospital / reception / ward |
покласти в лікарню / виписати з лікарні / реєстратура / палата |
|
to call an ambulance / urgent call / emergency case |
викликати швидку / терміновий виклик / нагальна справа |
|
to consult(ed) a doctor / to go for a check-up / to check (to examine) / to make tests / to make a diagnosis / to operate (on) / to put in stitches (suture) / cast |
звернутися до лікаря / піти на консультацію / перевірити (оглянути) / здати аналізи / поставити діагноз / прооперувати / накласти шви / гіпс |
|
in (out) patient / patients with appointments / patient’s file / medical card (record) / health insurance certificate |
стаціонарний (амбулаторний) хворий / пацієнти з призначеннями / картка пацієнта / історія хвороби / страховка |
|
maternity hospital / to be pregnant / pregnancy / miscarriage / abortion |
пологовий будинок / бути вагітною / вагітність / викидень / аборт |
|
at the dentist’s: |
у стоматолога: |
|
check-up / dental care / dental prosthetics |
перевірка / лікування / протезування |
|
instrument tray / drill / seat |
лоток для інструментів / бор / крісло для пацієнта |
|
to put on dentures / bridge / crown / braces / filling (photopolymer) / arsenic |
поставити протез / мостик / коронку / брекети / пломбу (фото полімер) / миш’як |
|
cavity / inflammation of gum / pulpitis / dental abscess (gumboil) |
карієс / запалення ясен / пульпіт / флюс |
|
to take out (to extract) a tooth / nerve |
вирвати зуб / видалити нерв |
|
medical fittings: |
медичне приладдя: |
|
stretcher / examination couch / fracture (extension) bed / crutches / syringe / scales / wheelchair / scalpel / enema syringe (to give an enema) / dropper / get smb on a drip / pipette / first aid kit (car kit) |
ноші / кушетка для огляду / ортопедичне ліжко / милиці / шприц / ваги / крісло-коляска / скальпель / клізма (поставити клізму) / крапельниця / поставити комусь крапельницю / піпетка / аптечка (аптечка в авто) |