III.Give equivaleuts to the following words and word-combinations

1. Service of motor roads;

2. Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine;

3. State significance;

4. Local significance;

5. Total length;

6. Road network;

7. Single facilities;

8. Water-pipes;

9. Correspondent normative documentation;

10. State Automobile Complex;

11. Stable growth

12. Capital investment

13. According to;

14. Roads of communal property

15. Annual growth

IV.Make up dialogues using the text

Supplementary task – означає завдання, винесені на самостійну роботу студентів

The Service is a client of building, reconstruction, repairs and exploitation maintenance of motor roads of general use in Sumy region dependently from proper Ukrainian legislation and correspondent normative documentation. The main contractor of these work is OJSC "State Automobile Complex "Motor Roads of Ukraine" - DE "Sumy oblaudotor" ; annual volumes of the works carried out by them are about 75-80% of total work. Works on building and capital repair are realized be CJSC "Sumymostobud" , and project works are realized by Sumy department of complex projecting DE "Ukrdiprodor".

I.Try to represent the back translation of the text given below

Supplementary task – означає завдання, винесені на самостійну роботу студентів

Read and memorize the following words and word-combinations to the text

“The First Recorded Legislation of the British Roads”

deal with - мати справу з

andowners - землевласник

in a fit state - в належному (відповідному, гарному) стані

further - далі, потім, подальший

bush - кущ, густо розростатися

for a distance - на відстані

in order to - для того, щоб

wayfarer - подорожник

tenant - орендар

doubt - сумнів,підозрювати

oblige - зобов’язати, змусити

on behalf - в інтересах, від імені

payment - плата, сплата

undertake -починати, братися, зобовязатися

Read and translate the text

“The First Recorded Legislation of the British Roads”

The first recorded legislation dealing with highways, the Statute of Winchester (1285), ordered landowners to maintain the roads and bridges on their land in a fit state for traffic, and further required that highways between market towns be cleared of trees and bushes for a distance of 200ft on either aide in order to protect the wayfarer from attack. The tenants were no doubt obliged to undertake this task-on the Landowner's behalf without receiving any payment for their labors.

Answer the questions

1. What was the first recorded highway legislation?

2. What did it order landowners?

3. Did it require that highways between market towns be cleared of trees and bushes?

4. Did the tenants oblige to undertake this task?

Translate into Ukrainian

recorded legislation

landowners

in a fit state

for a distance

on behalf

for a distance of 200ft

Read, copy out the new words and expressions to the text and then make a translation of the text

“Early Types of Surfaces in the USA”

Early highways in the United States generally had natural earth surfaces. Numerous city streets were paved with cobblestones, and the use of wood blocks soon followed, round cedar blocks (кедрові колоди) being popular. The high cost of surfaoing led to the construction of large numbers of tool roads (платна дорога) which were both privately and publically operated and which were surfaced with gravel, logs or planks. The influence of Macadam and Telford in England extended to this country and led to the use of broken stone to some extent.

The invention of the power Stone crusher in 1858 and of the steam roller in 1859 greatly increased the use of broken stone by lowering the cost of its production. These surfaces were satisfactory for horse-drawn traffic because the contact of the horses shoes and of steel tires on the stone provided a small amount of dust which, when moistened with water from rains, acted as a natural cement to fill the void spaces in the surfaces and hold the individual stone fragments together. By the close of the nineteenth century large mileages of broken-stone surfaces had been built on municipal streets and on rural highways. Gravel was used in large quantities in locations where it was economically available. The increases of traffic on city streets and some adjacent rural highways necessitated more durable wearing surfaces. Cobblestones and untreated wood blocks were not satisfactory. Stone blocks were used. One of the first of modern surfacing was rock asphalt, which was imported from Europe and was used in cities along the Atlantic seaboard and on the Gulf coast. The first brick pavement was constructed in Charleston West Virginia, in 1871, and sheet asphalt was first used in 1876 on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C. Bellefontaine, Ohio, is credited with having the first street pavement of Portland comment concrete. Wayne Country, Michigan, constructed the first rural road of concrete in1909.

Choose the right answer

1. Early highways in the United States generally had:

1. Gravel surfaces;

2. Natural earth surfaces;

3. Natural cements surfaces.

2. The high cost of surfacing led to:

1. The construction of tool roads;

2. The construction of broken stone surfaces;

3. The construction of brick pavement.

3. The increase of traffic on city streets necessitated:

1. Natural earth surfaces;

2. Less durable wearing surfaces;

3. More durable wearing surfaces.

4. The invention of … in 1858 greatly increased the use of broken stone.

1. Power stone crusher and steam roller;

2. Internal compustion engine;

3. Wheels.

5. The firat brick pavement was constructed:

1. in 1909;

2. in 1871;

3. in 1876.

1. Make up questions to the text

2. Make up plan to the text

3. Retell the text in brief

Read and memorize the following words and word-combinations to the text