Read and translate the text « Designing of the Roads»

The traditional method of designing method of designing roads is to design in three views: plan, longitudinal section and cross section. The road designer often undertakes the design of each view independently of the other two except that a sight distance diagram may be added to the finished drawing to show the distance at which a driver may see an approaching vehicle or other object may see an approaching vehicle or other object on the road ahead. The road user (driver) and the road designer have different appreciations of the appearance of the road for them to see it from different angles. The designer is often unaware how his finished design will appear to the person using the road by day and by night.

These limitations can be overcome by considering the roads at all stages of destine and a three-dimensional structure which should be safe, functional, economical and aesthetically pleasing.

The driver’s view of the road is not static, but is continually changing. Some road features will be in view from all points on a considerable length of road. Other road features will be view for only a fleeting.

Divided roads designed with easy grades and carefully matched curves make driving easier, and will have lower accident rates if they are aesthetically satisfying- a condition which depends on having interesting variations in the shape and vegetation within the vision. A road will generally look attractive to a user if its horizontal alignment and grading are matched, and it will be economical in earthworks if it fits the topography of the countryside. Horizontal alignment should be as direct as possible.

Answer the questions

1. What is the traditional method of designing roads?

2. What does the road designer often undertake?

3. Is the designer unaware how his finished design will appear to the person?

4. How can the limitations be overcome?

5. What are three- dimensional structures?

6. Is the driver’s view of the road changing?

7. What roads make driving easier? Why?

8. In what case will the road look attractive to a user?

9. When will it be economical in earthworks?

10. Should horigontal alignment be as direct as possible?

Translate sentences info Ukrainian

1. The traditional method of designers’ method of designing roads is to design in three views: plan, longitudinal section an cross suction.

2. The road user and the road designer have different appreciations of the appearance of the road for them to see it from different angles.

3. The driver’s view of the road is not static, but is contimeally changing.

4. A road will generally look attractive to a user if its horizontal alignment and grading are matched.

5. Horizontal alignment should be as direct as possible.

Choose true statements from the text

1. The traditional method of designing roads is:

1. to design in two views only;

2. to design in three views: plan, longitudinal section and cross section;

3. to design each view independently.