5. Complete the sentences:

1. The rail fleet includes …… .

2. Universal wagons can transport …… .

3. Special cars are only for ….. .

4. Special cars are…… .

5. After the manner of shipping, wagons are divided into ….. .

6. Advantages of open cars are

7. Long-length and bulky freight is easily transported ….. .

8. One of the main features of a wagon is …… .

6. Answer the questions:

1. What does the car structure affect?

2. What cars does the rail fleet include?

3. What freight do universal wagons transport?

4. What freight do special cars transport?

5. What special cars do you know?

6. What do double-deck cars transport?

7. What are advantages of open cars?

8. What do open cars easily transport?

9. What is one of the main features of a wagon?

7. Give terms to the following definitions:

1. freight car which looks like a platform;

2. a covered car which looks like a box on wheels;

3. a wagon equipped with refrigerator units;

4. a special car designed to convey liquids;

5. a kind of open-top wagon intended to haul coal and ore

8. Answer the questions:

1. What types of freight cars do you know?

2. What goods do the covered cars carry?

3. What is the feature of a refrigerator wagon?

4. In what way are tank cars filled and emptied?

5. Why are open-top cars very strong and durable?

6. What are the advantages of the container traffic?

7. What is the purpose of developing special-type cars?

9. Complete the following sentences:

1. The box-car is intended to carry …… .

2. A refrigerator car is used for …… .

3. A tank car is intended to transport …. .

4. Open-top cars transport ….. .

5. The flat cars can transport …. .

6. Containers reduce the cost ….. .

7. Double-deck cars are ……

10. Describe different kinds of carriages.

GRAMMAR

GERUND

11. Combine the sentences using Gerund.

Model: You gave me a dictionary. — I thank you for giving me a dictionary.

1. You helped me. I thank you for it. 2. The woman showed me the way. I thanked her for it. 3. You explained to us this grammar rule. We thank you for it. 4. Ann passed me the salt. I thanked her for it. 5. Nick bought a note-book for Pete. Pete thanked him for it. 6. He repaired my TV-set. I thanked him for it.

12. Translate sentences with Gerund:

1. Reading English technical magazines is important for an engineer. 2. It is no use speaking to her. 3. Speaking foreign languages is important for every cultured man. 4. They finished installing the apparatus only on Saturday. 5. The strange man stopped following me. 6. They began making the experiment only in May. 7. He began determining the properties of the new materials. 8. After failing in the examination in January he had to take it again in February. 9. After graduating from the institute he worked abroad. 10. At the meeting they discussed ways of improving their work. 11. There are different ways of obtaining the substance. 12. The problem of obtaining power was sold. 13. The organizers of the conference were informed of his refusing to take part in it. 14. We were informed of new results being obtained at the laboratory. 15. I remember his having been interested in languages in his childhood.