3. Match synonyms in the first column to the synonyms in the second:

1. high speeds to govern the train moving

2. to drive fast to use

3. to maintain tracks to bring a train to a stop

4. to pay attention to top speeds

5. dangerous to keep the tracks

6. to stop trains to decrease the speed

7. to control the movements of trains to attach importance to

8. to reduce the speed to move quickly

9. to apply unsafe

4. Name antonyms to the following word combinations:

To move slowly, high speeds, unsatisfactory, safe, hand-operated, effectively, to decrease

5. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1. Safety is determined by the condition of the track.

2. Railway safety doesn’t depend on braking system.

3. The early brakes were efficient.

4. The early brakes were automatic and the braking process was safe.

GRAMMAR

PARTICIPLE I

6. Read and remember:

Participle I: ask + ing = asking

1. The stars shining in the dark sky seem blue.

Звезды, сияющие в темном небе, кажутся голубыми.

2. Translating the article, he consulted a dictionary.

Переводя статью, он пользовался словарем.

7. Form Participle I from the following verbs:

To build, to grow, to bring, to follow, to move, to produce, to contain, to use, to include, to carry, to teach, to tell, to divide, to develop

LESSON 20: CRITERIA OF FREIGHT TRAFFIC – LOAD, QUALITY, QUANTITY, TIME, PLACE, COST

PARTICIPLE I

1. Learn new words:

1. to direct направлять

2. the flow of raw materials перемещение сырья

3. manufactured products готовые изделия

4. from place to place с места на место

5. to ensure обеспечить

6. in the right quantity and condition в нужном количестве и состоянии

7. to deliver доставить

8. cost стоимость

9. customer потребитель

10. to strive стремиться, прилагать усилия

11. to meet all needs соответствовать всем требованиям

12. goal цель

13. to provide quality обеспечивать качество

14. freight service грузовые услуги

15. at a fair price по приемлемой цене

16. to avoid any damage избегать любой ущерб

17. deterioration повреждение

18. loss утеря

19. shortages of cargo недостаток товаров

20. necessary необходимый

21. to prevent pollution предотвращать загрязнение

22. contamination of the rolling stock загрязнение подвижного состава

23. environment окружающая среда

24. to acquire skills and knowledge приобретать навыки и знания

25. internships and work experience практика и опыт работы

26. to learn business skills изучать бизнес

2. Read the text and translate it:

Criteria of freight traffic

Transport providers direct the flow of raw materials, manufactured products and other goods from place to place. They ensure that the right product, in the right quantity and condition, is delivered at the right place, at the right time, at the right cost, to the right customer.

The best specialists strive to meet all transportation needs. Their goal is to provide quality freight service at a fair price. It is very important to avoid any damage, deterioration, loss and shortages of cargo.

It is also necessary to prevent pollution and contamination of the rolling stock, the railway line and the environment.

We have to acquire skills and knowledge needed for the job through internships and work experience; we must learn business skills and the details of transportation.