Unit 11

	Topic: Investigation.
	Grammar: Сложноподчиненное предложение

Investigation

A criminal investigator is a person who collects facts to accom­plish a threefold aim: to identify and locate the guilty party and to present evidence of his guilt.

The investigation process includes information, interrogation and instrumentation. By applying them in varying proportions the investiga­tor gathers the facts which are necessary to establish the guilt of the accused in a criminal trial.

Most crimes can be solved. The investigation will be considered successful if the available physical evidence was completely handled, the witnesses intelligently interviewed, the suspect ef­fectively interrogated, all logical leads properly developed, and the case comprehensively, clearly, and accurately reported.

Information means the knowledge which the investigator gathers from other persons. The first type of information is acquired from regular sources such as conscientious citizens, company records, and the files of other agencies. The second type is the knowledge which the experienced investigator gathers from cultivated sources such as paid informants, bartenders, cab drivers, former criminals or acquaintances.

Interrogation includes the skilful questioning of witnesses as well as suspects. The success of interrogation depends on the craft, logic and psychological insight with which the investigator questions a person who is in possession of information relevant to the case.

Instrumentation means applica­tion of the instruments and methods of the physical sciences to the detection of crime. Physics, for example, offers such aids as microscopy, photography, and the optical methods of analysis. The role of chemistry is well known. Biology and pathology are parti­cularly important in crimes of physical violence. The sum of these sciences insofar as they are applied to crime detection is called criminalistics. Their utility is associated with physical evidence.

According to the aims the investigation may be divided into three pha­ses: 1) the criminal is identified; 2) he is traced and located; and 3) the facts proving his guilt are gathered for court presentation.

Vocabulary

to accomplish	-	совершать, достигать
threefold	-	тройной
guilt	-	вина, виновность
guilty	-	виновный, преступный
evidence	-	основание; улика, свидетельское показание
interrogation	-	вопрос, допрос
application	-	заявление, применение
trial	-	судебное разбирательство, судеб-ный процесс
witness	-	очевидец, свидетель
suspect	-	подозреваемый, подозрительный
to suspect	-	подозревать
to prove	-	доказывать
conscientious	-	добросовестный, сознательный, честный
informant	-	осведомитель, доносчик
insight	-	проницательность, интуиция
possession	-	владение
cultivated sources	-	отработанные источники

Ex. 1. Read the words and find Russian equivalents.

Criminal, physical, information, criminals, investigator, instrumentation, proportion, interview, company, agency, logic, method, microscopy, photography, analyses, criminalistics.

Ex. 2. Derive nouns from the following verbs.

To apply, to identify, to divide, to punish, to imprison, to develop, to locate, to prevent, to define, to present, to report, to investigate, to interrogate.

Ex. 3. Define the part of the speech of the following words paying attention to the suffixes.

Investigator, guilty, physical, properly, interrogation, bartender, clearly, acquaintance, possession, conscientious, division, comprehensively, successful, regular.

Ex. 4. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. Interrogation includes the skilful questioning of witnesses as well as suspects.

2. We could find him neither at the institute nor at home.

3. Both my colleague and I have already gathered all facts relevant to the case.

4. He wanted to know more about that case but there was no any information.

5. We will either go to the library or prepare to the exams at home.

Ex. 5. Translate the following sentences and define the kinds of adverbial clauses.

1. Many errors in a trial are considered minor as long as they do not affect the outcome of the trial.

2. She spoke as if she was in a dream.

3. She turned over so that the light from the other room did not fall on her eyes.

4. I was just curious, though it wasn’t any of my business.

5. Years have passed since we began this life.

6. If witness is able to identify the suspect accurately, a positive identification has been made.

7. She held out the telegram so that I might see it.

8. Since there is no help, let us try and bear it as best we can.

9. The investigation will be considered successful if the available physical evidence was completely handled and the witnesses intelligently interviewed.

10. A large crowd is standing where the crime was committed.

11. The air is not so cold now as it was in the early morning.

Ex. 6. Translate the following sentences and define the types of subordinate clauses.

1. Students are expected to take action as if they were on normal duty.

2. As soon as I heard of her death, I felt convicted that she had told him everything before she died.

3. The Constitution requires that any accused person must have every opportunity to demonstrate his or her innocence.

4. A criminal investigator is a person who collects facts to identify and locate the guilty party and to prove evidence of his guilty.

5. The Senate does not approve an appointment until its members are satisfied that the candidate is qualified.

6. It is important to understand that not all persons who break rules are criminals.

Ex. 7. Answer the following questions.

1. Who is a criminal investigator?

2. What does the investigation process include?

3. When will the investigation be considered successful?

4. What types of information do you know?

5. What is interrogation?

6. What does instrumentation include?

7. What physical sciences are important for crime detection?

8. How many phases may the investigation be divided into? What are they?