- •Предисловие
- •Основная часть unit 1
- •Our academy
- •Vocabulary
- •State Structure of Ukraine
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 1. Read and translate the following words into Russian.
- •Ex. 2. Form the nouns from the following verbs.
- •Ex. 3. Give the corresponding adjectives.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the words given in brackets.
- •Ex. 9. Make the following interrogative and negative.
- •Ex. 11. Transform from Passive into Active.
- •Political system of great britain
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 1. Read the words and translate them into Russian.
- •Ex. 2. Form the nouns from the verbs and translate them into Russian.
- •Ex. 3. Give the corresponding adjectives.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the words given in the brackets into English.
- •Ex. 6. Put the sentences into the Passive Voice.
- •Ex. 7. Add the necessary words.
- •Ex. 8. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •Ex. 9. Answer the following questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 7. Answer the following questions.
- •British police system
- •Vocabulary
- •The united states police system
- •Vocabulary
- •British judicial system
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 3. Translate the word-combinations into English using the following words.
- •Ex. 4. Put the necessary words into the sentences.
- •Ex. 7. Translate the following sentences and state the functions of Participle II.
- •Ex. 8. Answer the following questions.
- •The united states court system
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 10
- •Criminal law
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 1. Read the following words and translate them into Russian.
- •Ex. 3. Change the verb phrases to noun phrases.
- •Ex. 8. Translate the following sentences.
- •Unit 11
- •Investigation
- •Vocabulary
- •Задания для самостоятельной работы в межсессионный период
- •I семестр
- •II семестр
- •III семестр
- •I thought that the exams had already finished the previous week.
- •IV семестр
- •Тексты для самостоятельного чтения the constitution of ukraine
- •The united states constitution and the federal government
- •The legislative branch of the us government. The Capitol
- •The Congress
- •The executive branch of the us government
- •The judicial branch of the us government
- •Britain’s Monarchy
- •The law in britain
- •What is international humanitarian law all about?
- •The red cross and the red crescent: emblems of humanity
- •Who belongs to the international red cross and red crescent movement?
- •History of english police training
- •Police authorities
- •The new york city police
- •The individual policeman’s role
- •In crime prevention
- •Preservation of the public peace
- •The role of the police traffic control
- •The common law system
- •Civil cases
- •Criminal cases
- •Jury service
- •The appeals process
- •Criminal behavior
- •Criminal behavior reasoning
- •Criminal proceedings
- •The structure of the federal courts
- •Trial courts
- •Apellate courts
- •The United States Supreme Court
- •United states federal judges
- •Appointment of judges
- •Other federal judges
- •State judges
- •Preparation for trial
- •Criminal trial
- •Presumption of innocence
- •The problem of punishment
- •English prisons
- •The present english structure of corrections
- •Types of the us correctional institutions
- •Interpol (international criminal police organisation)
- •Judicial education
- •Commonly asked questions about the federal judicial process
- •Грамматический справочник
- •Притяжательный падеж (the possessive case)
- •Местоимение
- •Притяжательные местоимения (Possessive Pronouns)
- •Возвратные и усилительные местоимения (Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns)
- •Взаимные местоимения
- •Неопределенные местоимения
- •Наречие (adverb)
- •Глагол (verb)
- •Правильные и неправильные глаголы (Regular Verbs and Irregular Verbs)
- •Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •Значение и употребление модальных глаголов
- •Наклонение (Mood)
- •Времена глаголов (The Tenses of the verbs)
- •Образование
- •Прошедшее неопределенное время The Past Indefinite Tense
- •Длительные времена Continuous Tenses
- •Будущее длительное время The Future Continuous Tense
- •Совершенные времена Perfect Tenses
- •Залог (Voice)
- •Спряжение глагола в страдательном залоге
- •Неличные формы глагола
- •Инфинитив
- •Infinitive
- •Герундий The Gerund
- •Причастие (participle) Формы причастия
- •Функции причастия I в предложении
- •Функции причастия II в предложении
- •Косвенный вопрос (Indirect Speech)
- •Согласование времен (Sequence of tenses)
- •Сложное предложение (complex sentence)
- •Приложение
- •Рекомендуемая литература
- •Содержание
Types of the us correctional institutions
Today the typical state prison in the United States is a walled fortress of stone and steel. Within are cell houses, administrative offices, schools, chapels, factories, workshops, a dining hall, an auditorium, a hospital, a recreation yard, and sometimes a gymnasium. Outside are the main administrative offices, houses for the warden and his principal assistants and their families, and sometimes a prison farm. The normal capacity of the state prison may range from a few hundred to thousands. Many institutions have a capacity of 1,000 to 3,000. The Michigan State Prison at Jackson, which is the largest prison in the United States, has a normal capacity of 6,000. Most of the state prisons are built along the lines of the original Auburn plan with interior cell blocks. The cells are small, the average being about five feet wide, eight feet long, and eight feet high. They are usually equipped with an iron bed, bedding, a locker, a small table, a chair, an electric light, a toilet, and a wash bowl.
The typical men’s reformatory looks very much like a state prison. Although usually the reformatory is smaller, its facilities and equipment are the same as those of the prison. Women’s prisons and reformatories, however, are quite different. In general, their buildings are attractive and well kept, having individual bedrooms and pleasant living and dining rooms. Some of the newer correctional institutions for women are built on the cottage plan. Even when women are confined in a section of the men’s prison, their quarters are more attractive than those of other prisoners in the institution. Prison farms and camps have dormitories and farm buildings, often surrounded by a barbed wire fence. Road camps may have either permanent buildings or portable structures, and these, too, may be enclosed by a fence.
Interpol (international criminal police organisation)
The international criminal is by no means a new type of wrongdoer; he came into being with the invention of frontiers. What is relatively new is the speed and facility with which the international criminal may now travel from one country to another. Moreover, political changes in Europe and elsewhere have resulted in extensive migrations and mixing of peoples, which favour international crime.
What is an "international criminal"? The definition of this type of wrongdoer is not based on any legal concept since there is in law no such thing as international crime. The term is simply one of practical convenience. For example, a man who kills a woman in Paris and then takes refuge in, say, Belgium, thereby becomes an "international criminal".
Interpol became necessary mainly because of the need both for a united front for the combating of international crime and for exchange of ideas and methods between the police forces of the world.
In 1914, for the first time a number of police officials, magistrates and jurists met to establish the basis of international police cooperation. However, several months later the First World War broke out.
During the second criminal police congress, in Vienna in 1923 the President of Police of that city once again voiced the idea of establishing international police cooperation. A scheme was approved by 130 delegates and an International Criminal Police Commission with headquarters in Vienna came into being. It worked satisfactorily until the beginning of the Second World War.
In 1946, the old members of the ICPC which had been disrupted by the war, met in Brussels to revive the idea of international police cooperation.
Meeting again in Vienna, in 1956, bv which time there were fifty-five member countries, the organisation decided to adopt a new constitution. It comprised fifty articles. Under it the International Criminal Police Commission was renamed the "International Criminal Police Organisation – Interpol".
The general aims of Interpol are defined in article two of the Constitution as being: to ensure and promote the widest possible mutual assistance within the limits of the laws existing in the different countries and in the spirit of the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights", to establish and develop all institutions likely to contribute effectively to the prevention and suppression of ordinary law crimes.
The combating of international crime is divided into three distinct but complementary activities: the exchange of police information; the identification of wanted or suspected individuals; the arrest of those who are wanted on a warrant issued by the judicial authorities.