- •Предисловие
- •Основная часть unit 1
- •Our academy
- •Vocabulary
- •State Structure of Ukraine
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 1. Read and translate the following words into Russian.
- •Ex. 2. Form the nouns from the following verbs.
- •Ex. 3. Give the corresponding adjectives.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the words given in brackets.
- •Ex. 9. Make the following interrogative and negative.
- •Ex. 11. Transform from Passive into Active.
- •Political system of great britain
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 1. Read the words and translate them into Russian.
- •Ex. 2. Form the nouns from the verbs and translate them into Russian.
- •Ex. 3. Give the corresponding adjectives.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the words given in the brackets into English.
- •Ex. 6. Put the sentences into the Passive Voice.
- •Ex. 7. Add the necessary words.
- •Ex. 8. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •Ex. 9. Answer the following questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 7. Answer the following questions.
- •British police system
- •Vocabulary
- •The united states police system
- •Vocabulary
- •British judicial system
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 3. Translate the word-combinations into English using the following words.
- •Ex. 4. Put the necessary words into the sentences.
- •Ex. 7. Translate the following sentences and state the functions of Participle II.
- •Ex. 8. Answer the following questions.
- •The united states court system
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 10
- •Criminal law
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 1. Read the following words and translate them into Russian.
- •Ex. 3. Change the verb phrases to noun phrases.
- •Ex. 8. Translate the following sentences.
- •Unit 11
- •Investigation
- •Vocabulary
- •Задания для самостоятельной работы в межсессионный период
- •I семестр
- •II семестр
- •III семестр
- •I thought that the exams had already finished the previous week.
- •IV семестр
- •Тексты для самостоятельного чтения the constitution of ukraine
- •The united states constitution and the federal government
- •The legislative branch of the us government. The Capitol
- •The Congress
- •The executive branch of the us government
- •The judicial branch of the us government
- •Britain’s Monarchy
- •The law in britain
- •What is international humanitarian law all about?
- •The red cross and the red crescent: emblems of humanity
- •Who belongs to the international red cross and red crescent movement?
- •History of english police training
- •Police authorities
- •The new york city police
- •The individual policeman’s role
- •In crime prevention
- •Preservation of the public peace
- •The role of the police traffic control
- •The common law system
- •Civil cases
- •Criminal cases
- •Jury service
- •The appeals process
- •Criminal behavior
- •Criminal behavior reasoning
- •Criminal proceedings
- •The structure of the federal courts
- •Trial courts
- •Apellate courts
- •The United States Supreme Court
- •United states federal judges
- •Appointment of judges
- •Other federal judges
- •State judges
- •Preparation for trial
- •Criminal trial
- •Presumption of innocence
- •The problem of punishment
- •English prisons
- •The present english structure of corrections
- •Types of the us correctional institutions
- •Interpol (international criminal police organisation)
- •Judicial education
- •Commonly asked questions about the federal judicial process
- •Грамматический справочник
- •Притяжательный падеж (the possessive case)
- •Местоимение
- •Притяжательные местоимения (Possessive Pronouns)
- •Возвратные и усилительные местоимения (Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns)
- •Взаимные местоимения
- •Неопределенные местоимения
- •Наречие (adverb)
- •Глагол (verb)
- •Правильные и неправильные глаголы (Regular Verbs and Irregular Verbs)
- •Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •Значение и употребление модальных глаголов
- •Наклонение (Mood)
- •Времена глаголов (The Tenses of the verbs)
- •Образование
- •Прошедшее неопределенное время The Past Indefinite Tense
- •Длительные времена Continuous Tenses
- •Будущее длительное время The Future Continuous Tense
- •Совершенные времена Perfect Tenses
- •Залог (Voice)
- •Спряжение глагола в страдательном залоге
- •Неличные формы глагола
- •Инфинитив
- •Infinitive
- •Герундий The Gerund
- •Причастие (participle) Формы причастия
- •Функции причастия I в предложении
- •Функции причастия II в предложении
- •Косвенный вопрос (Indirect Speech)
- •Согласование времен (Sequence of tenses)
- •Сложное предложение (complex sentence)
- •Приложение
- •Рекомендуемая литература
- •Содержание
History of english police training
Most nineteenth-century policemen in England received such training as they got on the job. London Metropolitan Police was probably the most advanced in the instruction of recruits. But the instruction in that time lasted for only two weeks, largely concentrated on drill and sword exercise with two afternoon lectures by a superintendent, and a considerable amount of legal material to learn by rote.
Following this, the new constable patrolled with an experienced man for about a week. He was then moved to his division and sent out on his own. A section house reserved for candidates to the force was opened in 1886 with an assistant chief constable appointed as instructor.
The training lasted from three to five weeks beginning each morning with two hours drill. It was not until May 1907 that a proper training school was established for the Metropolitan Police with the opening the Peel House. By the 1920s recruits studied at Peel House for ten weeks. There continued to be drill and route learning, but there were regular lectures, instruction on first aid, self-defense, how to draft reports, and even mock accidents were staged.
After this initial training the new constable was again introduced to patrolling in his division by going out with an experienced man. On-the-job-training was much the same in provincial forces of England. Some borough forces employed local schoolmasters to give instructions on reading, writing and arithmetic.
In February 1895 the Chief Constable set an examination for those men wishing promotion to Constable of First Class. Correspondent colleges, notably the Bennet College in Sheffield and the institution established by Thomas Walton also in Sheffield, developed courses specially for policemen. The first styled itself "The Policeman’s University", the second – "The policeman’s College".
The development of half a dozen more training schools lead to a greater uniformity in training, especially when the smaller forces began to take advantage of them.
However, it was not until the Second World War that police training was fully systematized across the whole country, and not until 1960s that the formal system of police cadets was established.
Police authorities
Each force has a police authority – a kind of governing body. The police authority of a county force is known as the Standing Joint Committee and is composed of representatives of the county council and the county justices of the peace, in equal numbers. The size of the Standing Joint Committee is not laid down by statute: the justices and the county councillors are to settle the number between them. The Committee is normally re-elected every third year after a new county council has been appointed.
In the boroughs, the police authority is a committee of the borough council, known as the Watch Committee. A Watch Committee may not be composed of more than one-third of the members of the council together with the mayor who is ex ’officio a member. Most Watch Committees are elected annually, though there is no statutory requirement to this effect.
The police authority for the Metropolitan police district is the Secretary of State for the Home Department – not the London County Council. In the City of London, which maintains its own force, the police authority is the Common Council of the City, that is the body corresponding most closely to the town council elsewhere.
Although the local police authority is responsible for the administration and maintenance of its force, the central government nevertheless plays an important part. The Home Secretary – the Minister primarily concerned with the maintenance of the peace – also makes regulations, with the approval of Parliament, governing the conditions of service (pay, discipline, promotion, etc.) of all police officers. And his department maintains certain common services for the benefit of all police forces in such matters as training, radio-telephony and scientific investigation.
The Home Secretary thus exercises a general controlling and coordinating authority over the police of England and Wales. The responsibility for peace and order may be said to be shared between the local police authorities and the Home Secretary. And it is the Home Secretary who is generally responsible to Parliament for the maintenance of law and order throughout the country as a whole.