Ex. 7. Answer the following questions.

1. What kind of state is the USA? What is the capital of the USA?

2. What are the branches of the US government?

3. Who is the head of the country? What are his duties?

4. What term is he elected for?

5. What is the legislative body of the USA? What is its structure?

6. What does the Constitution of the USA guarantee? What is the structure of the Constitution?

7. What are the main parties of the USA?

Ex. 8. Speak on the following topics.

1. Political system of the USA.

2. The president and his functions.

3. The Congress and its structure.

Unit 6

	Text: British Police System.
	Grammar: Неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив. Герундий

British police system

There are 155 different police forces in Britain. Each of these forces is a separate body, independent of the others, and each operates only within its own area, under the command of its Chief Constable, and is administrated by its own local police authority. Police forces are composed of police officers.

Police officers have the same rates of pay and the same conditions of service, and all are subject to the same code of discipline. All are engaged in the enforcement of the law, the preservation of life and property, and the prevention of crime. Each of them takes the same personal oath of loyalty to the Crown, and one, whatever his or her rank, has the same power and authority under the law. Regular police officers usually serve for 25 years or more and retire on pension.

The police service is now a closed service. That is to say, all ranks, including the highest, are open only to serving police officers. There is a hierarchy of ranks with regular grades of subordination – chief constables, superintendents, inspectors, sergeants and constables.

A constable has many powers: he alone can arrest persons found committing certain offences, and he alone can arrest on suspicion in certain circumstances. Then a constable has certain duties: he must under certain statutes accept an offender who is handed over to him by some one else and bring him before a magistrate.

In matters of organisation and operation there is a little difference between one police force and another. Each police force has its headquarters, in which the Chief Constable, his deputy and his staff work. All Chief Constables have common background of police work and a practical knowledge of police matters and problems.

Outside the headquarters, the police area is usually divided into territorial divisions, each under a senior officer. It is from the divisional headquarters that the performance of duties are arranged, and it is here that reports made by offices on duty in the streets are received and considered. Below the divisional headquarters are the police stations, which form the first point of contact with the public.

Vocabulary

police force	-	полицейские силы, полиция, по-лицейское подразделение
police officer	-	полицейский чиновник; офицер полиции; полицейский
rank	-	звание, чин, ранг, категория, раз-ряд, степень
constable	-	констебль, полицейский, полисмен
sergeant	-	сержант полиции; охранник
superintendant	-	старший полицейский офицер; надзиратель
chief constable	-	начальник полиции (в городе или графстве)
enforcement	-	принудительное применение (за-кона), правоприменение
law enforcement officer	-	чиновник правоприменяющего органа
conditions of service	-	условия службы
code of discipline	-	дисциплинарный устав (кодекс)
to preserve property	-	охранять собственность (ownership)
to prevent (crime)	-	предотвращать, предупреждать (преступность)
oath (of loyalty)	-	клятва; присяга (loyalty – верность)
authority	-	власть; полномочие; орган уп-равления
to retire	-	уходить в отставку, на пенсию
subordination	-	подчинение; подчиненность, суб-ординация
to offend	-	нарушать, посягать
offender	-	правонарушитель
offence	-	посягательство, правонарушение; преступление
to commit a crime	-	совершать преступление (пра-вонарушение)
to suspect	-	подозревать
suspicion	-	подозрение
statute	-	Статут; законодательный акт; закон; устав
magistrate	-	государственный чиновник; ми-ровой судья; магистрат
headquarters	-	штаб-квартира; главное поли-цейское управление
police station	-	полицейский участок
to perform	-	исполнять, выполнять
performance	-	представление
officer on duty	-	дежурный офицер

Ex. 1. Form nouns from the verbs.

To operate, to serve, to prevent, to differ, to divide, to enforce, to arrest, to perform, to preserve.

Ex. 2. Give correspondence adjectives.

Difference, independence, division, crime, person, territory, justice, federation.

Ex. 3. Read and translate the following of- phrases.

Rates of pay, conditions of service, code of discipline, enforcement of the law, preservation of life and property, oath of loyalty to the Crown, hierarchy of ranks, grades of subordination, powers of the constable, performance of duties, knowledge of police matters, background of police work, headquarters of police, matters of organisation.

Ex. 4. Translate the word-combinations using the following word.

Police (офицеры полиции, полицейская служба, полицейские силы, полицейская работа, полицейский участок).

Ex. 5. Change the verb phrases to noun phrases.

To enforce the law, to preserve the life and property, to prevent the crime, to arrest an offender, to divide the police area, to serve in police, to perform the duties, to know the police work, to suspect a person.

Ex. 6. Add the necessary words into the sentences.

1. There are 155 different … in Britain.

2. Police officers have the same…

3. The duties of the police officers are…

4. Regular police officers usually serve for…

5. Each police force has its …

Ex. 7. Translate the sentences and define the forms of Infinitive.

1. It is necessary to help him.

2. He was the first to have come here.

3. I know him to have done this work.

4. Police forces operate within its own area to prevent crimes.

5. The constable intended to have arrested the offender.

6. You could have searched his house alone.

7. They must be doing their lessons now.

Ex. 8. Change the form of the Infinitive into Gerund.

Model: I began to write this exercise.

I began writing the exercise.

1. It started to rain in the evening.

2. I don’t like to interrupt you.

3. They were happy to bring good news.

4. She was proud to answer all the questions.

5. I thought to visit my colleague.

Ex. 9. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the functions of the Infinitive.

1. She stopped about ten feet away to watch the scene.

2. But to convict her was the surest way to sent her to hell.

3. She’ll be all right. You needn’t worry.

4. The man poisoned his wife in order to marry a blond secretly.

5. He likes to be by himself in church.

6. To enforce the law is one of the duties of police officers.

7. He stopped running to watch.

8. His role is to set a good example.

9. He arranged to be away from the house.

10. Robert went upstairs to change his coat.

11. They have no time to examine the body.

12. I need hardly say that one of my first actions was to look up my old friend.

Ex. 10. State the functions of the Gerund.

1. I remember telling you about their engagement.

2. He hated the thought of spending summer in town.

3. Smoking is forbidden here.

4. He hesitated for a moment before replying.

5. I had no idea you would mind answering my question.

6. They accuse him of having committed murder.

7. Seeing is believing.

8. Upon graduating from the Institute cadets are commissioned lieutenants of militia.

9. Thank you for being so kind to me.

10. The police must fight crime both by preventing it and by pursuing violators of the law.

11. I was afraid of saying the wrong thing.

12. She went out of the room without looking back.

13. Th e jury went to the jury room for deliberating upon its decision.

14. Do you really prefer living here somewhere of your own?

Ex. 11. Answer the following questions.

1. How many police forces are there in Britain?

2. Where do they operate?

3. Whom are police forces composed of?

4. What are police officers engaged in?

5. What oath does each constable take?

6. What powers and duties has a constable?

7. Who is at the head of the police force?

Unit 7

	Text: The United States Police System.
	Grammar: Причастие I