- •Федеральное агентство по образованию
- •Unit I the tourist industry step 1 Vocabulary list
- •Step 2 Introductory text
- •Step 3 Reading and translation the tourist industry
- •Step 4 Vocabulary practice
- •Step 5 Developing reading skills
- •The Domestic Visitor
- •The International Visitor
- •Classification of International Visitors
- •The International Tourist
- •The Excursionist or the Same-Day Visitor
- •Travel Motivation
- •Climate
- •Personal Motives
- •International Tourism Trends
- •Step 6 Test tasks
- •Unit II working in tourism step 1 Vocabulary list
- •Step 2 Introductory text
- •Step 3 Reading and translation careers in tourism
- •Step 4 Vocabulary practice
- •Step 5 Developing reading skills
- •Step 6 Test tasks
- •Unit III travel agents step 1 Vocabulary list
- •Step 2 Introductory text
- •Step 3 Reading and translation the retail travel agent
- •Step 4 Vocabulary practice Two-Part Verbs
- •Step 5 Developing reading skills
- •Travel agents try not to miss internet boat Online Booking Threatens Traditional High Street Outlets
- •Step 6 Test tasks
- •Unit IV tour operators step I Vocabulary list
- •Step 2 Introductory text
- •Step 3 Reading and translation tour operators
- •Step 4 Vocabulary practice
- •Hotel contracting
- •When the welcome is frosty
- •Step 5 Developing reading skills
- •Tour guides
- •Step 6 Test tasks
- •Unit V tourist promotion step 1 Vocabulary list
- •Step 2 Introductory text
- •Step 3 Reading and translation tourist promotion
- •Step 4 Vocabulary practice
- •Step 5 Developing reading skills
- •Promotional tools
- •Brochures
- •Main Target Markets
- •Making Brochure Work
- •Copywriting
- •Grab Attention by Direct Addressing
- •Some Copywriting Hints
- •Step 6 Test tasks
- •Unit VI tourist attractions and entertainment
- •Step 1 Vocabulary list
- •Step 2 Introductory text
- •Step 3 Reading and translation
- •Tourist attractions and entertainment
- •Step 4 Vocabulary practice
- •Compound Nouns
- •Step 5 Developing reading skills
- •How disney does it
- •Unit VII tourism and transporattion
- •Step 1 Vocabulary list
- •Step 2 Introductory text
- •Step 3 Reading and translation
- •Tourism and transportation
- •Step 4 Vocabulary practice
- •Sail away
- •Imagine that you recently accompanied a group
- •4.1 Put the words in the right order to make correct sentences.
- •4.2. Put the underlined words into the correct order.
- •4.3. Join the verbs and prepositions and make phrasal verbs to replace the words underlined in the sentences below.
- •Step 5 Developing reading skills
- •Air transport and tourism
- •Cost Structures of Airline Companies
- •Direct Operating Costs
- •Indirect Operating Cost
- •General and Administration Costs
- •Labour Costs
- •International tourism development: problems of equipment and infrastructure
- •Ground and Station Equipment and Hospitality Services
- •Air Fare Tariffs
- •Step 6 Test tasks
- •Unit VIII accommodations and catering
- •Step 1 Vocabulary list
- •Step 2 Introductory text
- •Step 3 Reading and translation
- •Accommodations and catering
- •Step 4 Foodservice
- •Step 5 Vocabulary practice
- •Adjectives and Word Order
- •Step 6 Developing reading skills the hotel trade in the world
- •Hotel Consortia
- •Integrated Hotel Chains
- •Hotel Franchising
- •Tourism lodgings
- •Second Homes Wholly Owned by Tourists
- •Second Homes with Shared Collective Services
- •Timeshare
- •Furnished Rented Accommodation
- •Seasonally Rented Furnished Accommodation
- •Cottages and Farmhouse Accommodation
- •Guest Lodgings
- •Social Accommodation
- •Restaurant Chains
- •Step 7 Test tasks
- •Unit IX regulation, research and development in tourism step 1 Vocabulary list
- •Step 2 Introductory text
- •Step 3 Reading and translation regulation, research and development in tourism
- •Step 4 Vocabulary practice british and american usage
- •Step 5 Developing reading skills
- •When the heat is on
- •Overseas markets
- •External Influences on International Travel to Britain
- •Step 6 Test tasks
- •Unit X environmental tourism step 1 Vocabulary list
- •Step 2 Introduction
- •Step 3 Reading and translation the environmental tourist How to Be an Ecofriendly Tourist in the Alps
- •Step 4 Vocabulary practice - Reporting verbs
- •Step 5 Developing reading skills
- •Does tourism ruin everything that it touches?
- •A Brief History of Tourism
- •Tourism Today
- •The Future of Tourism
- •Step 6 Test tasks
- •Unit XI business travel step 1 Vocabulary list
- •Step 2 Introductory text
- •Step 3 Reading and translation business travel
- •Step 4 Vocabulary practice
- •4.1. Match the verbs in a with the noun phrases in в to make expressions which are often used in meetings.
- •4.2. Match the adjectives in a with the nouns in b. Use a dictionary, if necessary.
- •4.3. Use the expressions from 4.2 (above) in the sentences.
- •4.4. This is an extract from a meeting about tourism in Goa. Fill in the gaps with expressions from 4.1.
- •5.1. Match the words on the left to the words on the right to make noun collocations and use the collocations in the sentences.
- •5.2. Link the adjectives with the nouns to complete the definitions below
- •Step 5 Developing reading skills
- •Travellers’ tips
- •4.1. Choose a title for the article:
- •4.2. Sentences a-e have been removed from the text. Match them to the correct boxes:
- •Step 6 Test tasks
- •The international executive lounge club
- •Unit XII customer relations in tourism step 1 Vocabulary list
- •Step 2 Introductory text
- •Step 3 Reading and translation customer relations in tourism
- •Step 4 Vocabulary practice
- •An unfortunate incident at ridgeway tours
- •Step 5 Developing reading skills handling a complaint
- •5.1. When It Pays to Complain
- •5.2. Dear Travel Agent, Please Stop the Cows Staring at me...
- •Step 6 Test tasks
- •Турфирма с грязными руками
- •Ленивого «кинуть» легко
- •Готовьте компромат
- •Contents
Step 3 Reading and translation tour operators
Tour operators can be considered the wholesalers of the industry. Their product, which is a service, is the packaged tour.
Packaged tours offer transportation, hotel accommodations and transfer to and from the airport. The tourist pays a lower price for this package than if he were trying to make all the arrangements on his own.
In addition to the basic features, the tour package may also offer meals, entertainment, sightseeing, a rental car and many other extras.
The first tour in the modem sense was put together by Thomas Cook in 1841. Cook was soon offering tours all over the world, and the idea gained acceptance very quickly not only in England but also in other European countries and in the United States.
The firm of Thomas Cook and Sons has remained a major force in the travel industry, despite the number of changes in ownership. The great increase in tourism that took place in the 1960s, especially in Europe, was in part the result of the emergence of a number of firms whose chief business was packaging and operating tours.
The typical package that the European tour operators put together consisted of the least expensive two-week holiday tour. It was primarily intended for northern Europeans who wanted a Mediterranean vacation. As the competition among the operators brought prices down, many people who had never travelled before were encouraged to try a trip abroad. Both tourism in general and the tour operating companies themselves expanded very quickly.
The rapid expansion, however, has also resulted in many changes in management and methods of operation for the firms in the business. A sounder financial base became necessary, since tour groups were sometimes left stranded because tour operators did not have sufficient cash to pay the price of the aircraft charter.
Tours are also arranged for employees and their spouses by corporations. The corporations typically offer these vacation trips as a reward for superior sales effort or as an incentive to improve performance. This type of tour is not open to the general public, but it is welcomed by the airlines and by hotel operators in the established resorts that frequently attract business of this kind.
It is possible to distinguish between two general types of tours. One is the holiday package that has a resort hotel as its destination. While local sightseeing or entertainment may be included in the package, the tours are generally of the ‘no frills’ variety - in other words, without expensive extras. The major attractions usually include sun, sea and activities such as golf or tennis that are offered by the resort itself. Local colour is not important - many holiday-makers are hardly aware of what country their hotel is in.
The second is the guided tour that features sightseeing or some other special attraction. These tours are accompanied by a guide who is in charge of travel arrangement and activities. The activity offered by the tour is its principal attraction. The tour may combine travel with education. Most of these tours include several different destinations and a good deal of local travel within one region. Thus, they require careful arrangement and coordination of accommodations, local transportation, luggage handling, and all the other details that accompany any kind of travel.
The person who leads such tours is the tour guide. He is multilingual, he relates well to other people, and he deals with the variety of problems that arise not only in making travel arrangements, but also in carrying them out. He deals with the problems of lost luggage and unsatisfactory hotel accommodations, with rainy days and fatigue, with sudden illness, and with interpersonal problems that arise among the members of the group.
There are many advantages in the packaged tours, the most obvious being the price. When airplane tickets and hotel rooms are reserved in blocks by the tour operators, considerable savings are passed on to the customers. Many people would never travel at all without the price inducements offered by packaged tours.
A second advantage is the opportunity for tourist to make all his travel arrangements in one place at one time.
The independent traveller - one who does not travel as a member of a group - often has to go to considerable trouble to put the different pieces of his trip together. Airline seats may not be available when he wants them, or he may not be able to secure the hotel accommodations that he wants.
Even when a travel agent makes the arrangements, these difficulties still exist. The tour offers convenience as one of its inducements. A third advantage can be summed up in the term accessibility. Tours make it possible for people to visit many remote areas that would otherwise be too difficult for them to try to see on their own. Tour operators have made countless places throughout the world accessible to the general public.
Task 1. Find In the text answers to these questions,
Why can tour operators be called ‘wholesalers of the tourist industry’?
What do packaged tours offer?
When was the first packaged tour put together?
How did the emergence of a great number of tourist firms influence tourism in general?
What was the result of the competition among the tour operators?
What did the rapid expansion of tourism lead to?
What types of tours does the text mention?
What is the difference between a holiday package and a guided tour?
What qualities does a tour guide need? Why?
What are the advantages of a packaged tour?
Task 2. Sum up what you’ve learned from the text about
the services offered by packaged tours;
the history of development of this kind of tourism;
different types of packaged tours;
the job of a tour guide;
the advantages of packaged tours.
Task 3. Comment on the following issues,
What do you think are the disadvantages of packaged tours?
Why are tours less expensive than individual / independent ha veiling?
How are packaged tours developing in Russia?
What do you know about the services offered by packaged tours in Russia?
Are customers satisfied with the quality of tourist service? Why (not)?
Is there a tough competition among tour operator in Russia?
If so, what is the result of such competition?
What is the best known tour operator in Russia?