Grammar practice

VII. Find in the text some sentences in the Active Voice, copy them into your exercise books, give simple grammar analysis of these sentences.

VIII. Find in the text sentences with the Gerunds and define their forms and functions. See Grammar in Use section if necessary.

IX. Find in the text sentences with the Infinitives and define their forms and functions. See Grammar in Use section if necessary.

X. Find in the text sentences with the Participles and define their forms and functions. See Grammar in Use section if necessary.

XI. Find in the text sentences with model verbs, copy them into your exercise books and define their meanings.

LANGUAGE PRACTICE

XII. Fill in the blanks using the words below:

granted, convenience, monetary, commodity, money, direct, inventions, barter, valuation

1. Money is one of man’s greatest ….

2. In the absence of some form of money, exchange may take the form of ....

3. If a ... is generally acceptable in exchanging for goods and services, it is possible to store wealth by holding a stock of this commodity.

4. Such exchanges are taken for ….

5. The ... of goods for goods would raise all sorts of problems regarding ....

6. It is a great ... to hold wealth in the form of money.

7. A complex trading organisation based upon a system of credit can only operate in a ... economy.

XIII. Match the synonyms

means, form, tool, frustrating, obtain, useless, need, instrument, shape, get, medium, commodity, general, require, labour, store, common, article, work, stock, deteriorate, significant, spoil, essential, apparent, conduct, purchase, evident, carry out, buy.

XIV. Find antonyms among the words below

absence, increase, major, spread, presence, same, reduce, minor, accumulate, different.

XV. Translate the word combinations given from Russian into English

прямой обмен товарами и услугами, с ростом специализации, ряд подобных обменов, гораздо более удобное средство, основная сложность бартерной системы, в развитом обществе, предмет мебели, без использования денег, первый шаг, проблема обменных курсов, запас товаров, большое удобство, огромный недостаток, в период инфляции.

XVI. Make up sentences using the following groups of words

1. one, money, is, man's, inventions, greatest, of.

2. is, it, tool, essential, of, an, civilization.

3. take, the, exchange, of, may, barter, form.

4. will, barter, requirements, quite, man's, adequately, serve.

5. barter, the, system, very, and, inefficient, proves, frustrating.

6. system, very, becomes, exchange, of, cumbersome, this.

7. upon, a, depends, it, coincidence, wants, of, double.

8. discovered, a, arrangement, man, more, much, convenient.

9. removes, the, it, of, the, barter, major, system, difficulty.

10. exchanges, are, such, for, granted, taken.

11. would, be, they, without, inconvenient, use, of, the, money.

12. is, problem, exchange, the, rates, solved, of, easily.

13. is, to, deferred, it, serve, payment, means, a, as, of.