- •Unit one
- •1 Treaties and conventions
- •Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between (name of country) and (name of country)
- •Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
- •The covenant of the League of Nations
- •Assignments
- •International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families part VIII: general provisions
- •XXV. Translate the extract from the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights into English. Международный пакт
- •Часть 1
- •Часть II
- •Convention on special missions
- •Vienna convention on diplomatic relations
- •Treaty Establishing the European Community
- •Articles
- •Final Provisions
- •2. Agreements
- •Cultural agreement
- •Memorandum of agreement
- •A general outline for a draft revision of the treaties explanatory memorandum: why a revision of the treaties?
- •Long-term programme for the Development of Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation
- •4. Implementation of the Programme
- •Assignments
- •Agreement
- •Commitment
- •Agreement
- •Exchange of Letters Constituting an Agreement
- •Exchange of Notes Constituting an Agreement
- •3 D e c l a ratio n s
- •Declaration
- •On the Promotion of the Relationship
- •Of Friendship and Cooperation between
- •(Name of country) and (name of country).
- •Declaration of the high contracting parties to the treaty on european union
- •Assignments
- •On voting in the field of the common foreign and security policy
- •On the use of languages in the field of the common foreign and security policy
- •European Parliament
- •Council
- •Commission
- •Joint Declaration
- •Declarations and reservations made upon signature United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- •Declaration on the basic principles of friendly relations and cooperation between the Republic of (name of country) and the Republic of (name of country)
- •4 Protocols
- •Protocol on Scientific and Technological Cooperation
- •Additional protocol to the convention
- •Final protocol to the Constitution of the Universal Postal Union
- •Protocol of signatures
- •Protocol (No ) annexed to the Treaty on European Union and to the Treaties establishing the European Communities
- •Assignments
- •Protocol №6 concerning tre abolition of the death penalty
- •Факультативный протокол к международному пакту о и политических правах
- •Unit two
- •1 Charter of the united nations
- •Charter of paris for a new europe a new era of democracy, peace and unity
- •Assignments
- •Capacity
- •Priority
- •Поправки к уставу
- •Charter (Constitution, etc.)
- •Final Provisions
- •2 Statute of the international court of justice
- •Statute of the international bureau of education
- •Assignments
- •Statute of the international
- •Court of justice
- •Chapter III
- •Procedure
- •3 Constitutions of united nations specialized agencies
- •Constitution of the world health organization
- •Assignments
- •Constitution of the united nations educational, scientihc and cultural organization
- •Unit three
- •1 Ratification
- •Instrument of ratification (by Head of State or Government)
- •Instrument of ratification
- •Instrument of ratification
- •Assignments
- •2 Accession, acceptance and approval
- •Instrument of accession
- •Instrument of
- •Assignments
- •Instrument
- •3 Reservations
- •Assignments
- •4 Denunciation
- •Assignments
- •Unit four
- •Resolution relating to the Application of the Convention
- •In Future Activities
- •Of International Organizations
- •Decision Adopted by the Universal Postal Congress
- •Recommendation
- •On the Need to Establish World-Wide
- •Technical and Operating Standards to Facilitate
- •Communication
- •Directives concerning Unesco's Relations with International Non-Governmental Organizations
- •1997/233. Provisional agenda and documentation for the forty-fir session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs
- •Regulations for the general classification of the various categories of meetings convened by Unesco
- •International law commission Summary Records of the Twenty-First Session
- •990 Th meeting
- •Eu Council Resolution of 8 June 1993 on the quality of drafting of Community legislation
- •Unit five final instruments
- •2 Final instruments of international conferences
- •Exhibit 38 communique communique
- •Joint communique on the Signing of the abm Treaty Documents Released by the Office of the Spokesman, September 26, 1997
- •Joint statement environment of durable peace and security
- •Joint statement
- •Declaration on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
- •Council of europe
- •The final declaration
- •Article 1
- •II. Mandate
- •Final act of the Vienna Conference on Diplomatic
- •Intercourse and Immunities
- •Assignments
- •Declaration
- •Statement
- •Joint communique of the Governments of the Arctic Countries on the Establishment of the Arctic Council
- •Joint statement of the space station partnership
- •Совместное коммюнике об установлении (establishment) дипломатических отношений между Республикой ...И Республикой ...
- •Заявление о мерах укрепления доверия и безопасности и разоружения в Европе
- •International Olympic Committee Declaration on Doping in Sport
- •European Council in Copenhagen Meeting on 7 and 8 April 1978 Declaration on Democracy
- •Memorandum on Security Assurances in Connection with Ukraine's j Accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
- •Меморандум взаимопонимания о консультациях по вопросам, представляющим взаимный интерес
- •Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe charter for european security
- •Charter for european security
- •World leaders adopt
- •"United nations millennium declaration"
- •At the conclusion of the extraordinary three-day
- •Unit six
- •United nations communications 1.1. Formal letters
- •Secretary-General to Minister for Foreign Affairs (formal)
- •Exhibit.48 letter
- •Secretary-General to
- •Permanent Representative
- •(Formal)
- •Assignments
- •1.2. Informal letters
- •Assignments
- •Informal Letter
- •1.3. Notes verbales
- •Exhibit 56
- •Exh1bit57
- •Note verbale
- •Secretariat to Permanent
- •Mission
- •Exhibit 58
- •Note verbale
- •Protocol & Liaison Service
- •To Permanent Missions
- •Exh1b1t 59 note verbale Permanent Mission to Secretary-General
- •International year of peace
- •Exhibit 60
- •Note verbale
- •Permanent Mission to
- •Permanent Mission(s)
- •Exhibit 61
- •A) Note verbale dated 30 June 19__ from the Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General
- •B) Note verbale dated 18 July 19__ from the Alternate Permanent Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations (Vienna) addressed to the Secretary-General
- •Note Verbale
- •Assignments
- •Interoffice memorandum
- •Diplomatic communications between states
- •Exhibit 66 verbal note
- •Exhibit 68
- •Assignments
- •Correspondence between foreign missions and local governments
- •Diplomatic protest
- •Verbal note dated 3 May 19__ from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of (name of country) addressed to the Embassy of (name of country)
- •3 Other diplomatic acts
- •3.1. Agrement
- •Exhibit 70 agrement
- •Assignments
- •Ambassador
- •Ambassadorial
CONTENTS
Preface …………………………………………..3 Unit One Treaties and Other International Compacts 1. Treaties and Conventions ……………………………………………………8 Assignments ……………………………………………………………………23 2. Agreements…………………………………………………………………..51 Assignments ……………………………………………………………………62 3. Declarations ……………………………………………………………….. ..76 Assignments ………………………………………………………………… ....80 4. Protocols ……………………………………………………………………..90 Assignments ……………………………………………………………………99
Unit Two Constituent Acts of the United Nations and Other International Organizations 1. Charter of the United Nations ……………………………………………...108 Assignments …………………………………………………………………..113 2. Statute of the International Court of Justice ………………………………..122 Assignments …………………………………………………………………..126 3. Constitutions of United Nations Specialized Agencies …………………….134 Assignments …………………………………………………………………...138
Unit Three Unilateral Legal Acts 1. Ratification …………………………………………………………………146 Assignments …………………………………………………………………..154 2, Accession, Acceptance and Approval ………………………………………158 Assignments …………………………………………………………………..160 3. Reservations ………………………………………………………………..164 Assignments …………………………………………………………………..166 4. Denunciation ……………………………………………………………….168 Assignments …………………………………………………………………..170
Unit FourResolutions and Records of the UN General Assembly and Other International Bodies 1. Resolutions …………………………………………………………………172 2. Rules of Procedure …………………………………………………………174 3. Summary Records ………………………………………………………….174 Assignments …………………………………………………………………..187
Unit FiveFinal Instruments 1. Final Instruments of Intergovernmental Negotiations and Visits ………….204 2. Final Instruments of International Conferences ……………………………207 Assignments………………………………………………………………….. 222
Unit SixDiplomatic Correspondence 1. United Nations Communications …………………………………………..242 1.1. Formal Letters…………………………………………………………… 242 Assignments …………………………………………………………………..250 1.2. Informal Letters …………………………………………………………..256 Assignments …………………………………………………………………..260 1.3. Notes Verbales ……………………………………………………………264 Assignments ………………………………………………………………… 271 1.4 Interoffice Memoranda ……………………………………………………278 Assignments …………………………………………………………………..282 2. Diplomatic Communications between States ………………………………286 Assignments …………………………………………………………………..294 3. Other Diplomatic Acts …………………………………………………….. 311 3.1. Agrement ………………………………………………………………….311 Assignments ………………………………………………………………… 314 3.2. Consular Commission and Exequatur ……………………………………..319 Assignments ……………………………………………………………………322 3.3. Letters of Credence and Letters of Recall …………………………………328 Assignments …………………………………………………………………… 333 3.4. Full Powers ………………………………………………………………...340 Assignments …………………………………………………………………….345
Unit Seven World Economy and Trade 1. Global Economic Cooperation ………………………………………………350 Assignments ……………………………………………………………………368 2. Foreign Trade ………………………………………………………………..381 Assignments ……………………………………………………………………413
Keys to Assignments 435
Appendices I. Latin Words and Phrases Used in International Documents 451 II Abbreviations Used in International Documents 456
III. Participial and Adjectival Phrases Used in International Documents 464 IV. United Nations Document Symbols 469
Glossary of Diplomatic Terms 471
Index of Exhibits 475
Reference List 478
Unit one
TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL COMPACTS
Treaties and Conventions
Agreements
Declarations
Protocols
1 Treaties and conventions
In international law and diplomatic practice the term “treaty” is used in two senses. In a generic sense, it refers to all agreements between states which are of a binding character, and in a restricted sense it refers to a title given to instruments containing such international agreements. Instruments setting out agreements between states bear different titles, such as Treaty, Agreement, Convention, Protocol, Act, Declaration, Statute, Regulations, Provisions, Pact, Covenant, Compromis, Accord, Arrangements, Modus Vivendi, Exchange of Notes and Concordat. It is, however, not obligatory to give a title to an international agreement, as agreements can be concluded even by exchange of letters or notes. Some of the agreements are highly formal in character whilst others are not. The titles given to international agreements have little significance from the legal point of view, as all international agreements, by whatever name called, are equally binding in nature. In diplomatic literature, the terms “treaty”, “convention”, and
“protocol” are all applied more or less indiscriminately to international agreements. Sometimes the same instrument is designated in different places in its text by different terms. There is no obvious explanation for this diversity of terminology.
International law prescribe neither the form nor the procedure for the making of international engagements, and consequently their form depends upon the will and convenience of the parties. In practice it is governed also by usage and varies depending on whether agreement is reached between states, heads of state, governments (increasingly used), or particular ministers or departments.
It is not every international instrument, however formal it may be, that would be regarded as a treaty. Unless the instrument creates contractual obligations between two or more states, the essential requirements of a treaty are not fulfilled. The binding nature of treaty obligations is the oldest and doubtless the most fundamental rule of international law.
Of all international engagements which are intended to have an obligatory character the most important are “treaties”, the term being derived from the French traiter [. L. tractare], which means “to negotiate”.
The next most solemn type of international engagement is the “convention”, derived from the Latin word conventio meaning “agreement”. This term is frequently, though not necessarily, employed in connection with agreements to which a large number of countries are parties, and especially to agreements of the law-making type.
The treaty document covers the following parts:
1. The preamble containing:
(a) a list of the heads of state in whose names the treaty is concluded;
(b) a list of plenipotentiaries;
(c) usually a statement of the purposes and objectives of the treaty, sometimes accompanied by a recital of principles and circumstances;
(d) a declaration that the plenipotentiaries have the necessary powers.
2. The text generally containing, in the form of numbered articles, the respective agreements of the signatories. It also indicates:
(a) the requirements for bringing the treaty into force;
(b) its duration;
(c) the place where the exchange of ratifications will take place.
3. The final clauses, specifying that the plenipotentiaries have signed the treaty and have affixed their seals thereto, and including information on:
(a) the number of signed copies;
b) if in more than one language, the languages used, and that each is equally authentic;
(c) the place and date of signature.
According to the importance of a treaty, the preamble can be more or less enlarged. The statements in the final clauses are, on the contrary, usually identical.
The provisions of a treaty determine the manner in which and the date on which the treaty enters into force. Where the treaty does not specify a date, there is a presumption that the treaty is intended to come into force as soon as all the negotiating states have consented to be bound by the treaty.
After a treaty is concluded, the written instruments, which provide formal evidence of consent to be bound by ratification, accession, and so on, and also reservations and other declarations, are placed in the custody of a depositary, who may be one or more states, or an international organization. The depositary has functions of considerable importance relating to matters of form, including provision of information as to the time at which the treaty enters into force. The United Nations Secretariat plays a significant role as depositary of multilateral treaties.
As regards treaties, conventions, etc., these, when concluded between two countries, are now ordinarily signed in two texts, viz., in the respective languages of the two countries, though exceptions occur. In the case of treaties of a general nature –
multilateral treaties concluded between many states, the usual practice was to use French, but now it is French and English. Those concluded under the auspices of the United Nations normally have texts in its official languages, all equally authentic.
The authenticity of the text is established by means of the signatures of the plenipotentiaries. It will depend on the circumstances whether signature alone is sufficient to bring the treaty into force or whether some further step, such as ratification, is necessary.
Sometimes, however, when an appreciable interval occurs between the conclusion of the negotiations and the signature of a treaty, the plenipotentiaries append to it their initials ne varietur as a guarantee of the authenticity of the text. (From “A Diplomat’s Handbook of International Law and Practice” by B. Sen)
EXHIBIT 1 TREATY