Question card № 1

1. Stone age on the territory of Kazakhstan. Divisions into periods, archaeological monuments. Main characteristics.

Stone Age began about 2.5 million years ago and finished in 3 thousand BC. Stone Age is divided into ancient - Paleolithic, the middle - Mesolithic, the new - Neolithic. In turn, divided into the Lower Paleolithic (Early) - 2.5 million - 140 thousand years ago, the average - 140 thousand - 40 thousand years ago, and late (upper) - 40 thousand - 12 thousand years ago . Archaeological monuments. Sites - Barykazgan, Tanirkazgan, Kazangap in southern Kazakhstan, in Central Kazakhstan - Kudaykol site, located in the north-east of Sary-Arka, site Zhaman-Aibat under Zhezkazgan, Obalysay in the Karaganda region and other monuments monuments of Late Paleolitgic in Southern Kazakhstan Achisayskaya site, in East Kazakhstan - Site Kanai, Svinchatka, Bukhtarma cave. The most famous of the Neolithic: Karaungur sit in the South Kazakhstan Region, Sit Kulsary in Atyrau region, Sit Kizilsu in Eastern Kazakhstan Region. The main characteristic. Traces of human residence on the territory of Kazakhstan belong to the lower Palaeolithic, ie about 1 million years ago. At that time, the climate here has been warm and humid, lush vegetation and fauna is rich and varied. At that time, people knew and used the fire, although not yet able to produce its own. Main activities were hunting and gathering. Ancient people of that time are known as Neanderthals. In this era social relations were marked by the formation of tribal communities, appeared race as a form of social organization. This was the formation of modern human physical type of homo sapiens.

2. The agricultural policy of tzarism and the settlement of Russian peasants in Kazakhstan. (60-90years of XIX c.).

Abolition of serfdom did not solve the agrarian question. Migration policy is activated. The systematic transfer of Russian and Ukrainian peasants began in the early 70's of XIX century. Masse in the 80's. The situation of the voluntary resettlement in 1889 was accompanied by a withdrawal of lands from the Kazakhs, they went into the desert earth. Especially large flow of migrants was in Semirechenskaya area. In 1889 a law «On the resettlement of rural inhabitants and burghers in the state of Earth». The law has spread to the Ural and Turgay area. The movement concentrated in the hands of the government, unauthorized prohibited. But the spontaneous process of resettlement is not managed to resolve.

Question card № 2

1. Bronze Age Stone age on the territory of Kazakhstan. Divisions into periods, archaeological monuments. Main characteristics.

Periodization. At the turn first to the second quarter of II century BC in the Eurasian steppes was invented bronze. Andronovskaya culture is divided into three periods: early bronzes - XVII-XVI centuries. BC, average - XV-XII centuries. BC, and later - XII-VIII BC Also, early stage is also called nurinsky period. Medium - atasusky, got their name on a group burial in the valley. Atasu. Late - begazy-dandybaevsky - on the findings of the aul Dandybay near Karaganda and in the tract Begazy. There are also 150 cemeteries of archaeological monuments, which belong to andronovskoy culture in Central Kazakhstan. The main characteristics. In the Bronze Age developed crafts, weaving, hand-made ceramic tableware molding. Weapons manufactured: arrows with bronze tips, axes of bronze daggers. There have been significant changes in the organization of public life. Mother's race turned to father. Primitive relations gradually decompose, increasing property differentiation. Also Andronovtsy worshiped the sky, the sun, the sacred flame, believed in the afterlife, there existed a cult of ancestors.