2. The crimes of totalitarian regime in Kazakhstan: the mass repressions of 1920-1930ss years.

With the consolidation of a totalitarian regime has intensified the political persecution of members of the Party Alash voicing doubts about the correctness of the policy center. Grossly(грубо)violated the rights of the republic, were not considered with the national peculiarities and interests of Kazakhs. Policy pressure increased with Goloshchekin. Policy in October led to the Small disasters and mass repression 1937-1938. Disagreed with the "change" under various pretexts in the years 1927-29. removed from the republic - Nurmakov, Ryskulov. Removed from their posts Commissar of Education Sadvokasov ... It was promoted(способствовать) by Ezhov (Secretary of the Provincial Committee of the Semipalatinsk). In letters to Stalin reported that none of them are healthy party forces. His efforts were carried out mass repressions in 1937. By the end of the 20's. suspicion and injection become universal. In 1928 he was deported most of the intellectuals, former members of Alash Orda Dulatov, Zhumabayev, Aymauytov. Searches of subversive anti-Soviet elements. Began the search for enemies. Random accidents at mines explained their machinations. Fabricated criminal cases. Purges(чистки) in party organizations.

Question card № 16

1. The culture of ancient Turks (religious beliefs and cults).

Tengrianstvo. World was divided into Upper, Median and Lower World. Supreme Deity - Tengri - the sky as the father of the father-producing beginning, the patron of the people. Median world - Jer-soo, a Kazakh, Yer-Sub of the Turks - the Earth-Water, which are associated with hope for fertility and protection. The lower world - where the souls of the dead away, where flowing river of tears, his deity - Erlik. Women's patron god Umai-home and children. The cult of sacred mountains (ydyk Bash), prevail in Southern Siberia in the previous century. Ancient Turks especially revered "Holy Otyukenskuyu black (Hantayskie mountains), the spirit which was considered the patron kaganskogo kind. There was "a cave of ancestors, where the Turkic legends, wolf ancestors bore Turks. Once a year are held at a sacrifice. Turks dead buried on the ancient ritual of tengrianskomu .*

In VI-IX centuries. among the Turkic-speaking populations of Central Asia and the East Turkestan is a proliferation of religious systems established by other civilizations - Buddhism, maniheystvo, Christianity. At the end of the beginning of IX-X centuries. Islamization began Turkic-speaking ethnic groups in Kazakhstan. Buddhism used to all the great religions "has become popular in aristocratic environment Turkic Kaganate. In Buddhism Kaganate rulers saw the universal form of religion that could create some ideological common ground in a very heterogeneous in its composition Power. Manichaean and Christian communities existed in the VI-IX BB. in cities along the Silk Road. Over time, there have been significant changes in religious representations of the people of Kazakhstan. Nomadic pastoralists have continued to practice ancient Turkic Tengri worship, earth, water, Umai, but sedentary, agricultural areas, spread a new religion - Islam.

2. The settlement of the repressed peoples in Kazakhstan on the eve of the Great Patriotic War.

During the period of mass repression unnecessarily punitive measures applied to the representatives of the classes, ethnic groups. Applied deportation - the mass forced evictions. Multiple deprivation, limitation of rights. On the resettlement of Koreans said that the suppression of Japanese espionage. Relocation of Volga Germans that Germany should be a signal to the bombings. Total years of mass repressions deported 3 million. The place became spetsposeleny and Kazakhstan (1 million 200 thousand). The Germans, Chechens, Ingush, Koreans, Greeks, Kurds .. 1916 - Dungan, 1941 - Germans, 1944 - Chechens, Ingush, 1948 - Turks, Koreans in 1935, their encouraging in almost all areas in locations remote from the railroad. They are carried in the Animal, wagons. In Kazakhstan, placed in stables, barns, warehouses. Rampant epidemic disease. Kazakh people helped. 1931 - GULAG (GULAG (the General Directorate of corrective labor camps, labor settlements and places of detention) - unit of the NKVD (MVD), the USSR, administers a system of corrective labor camps (ITL) in 1934-1960, the most important organ of Soviet political repression ). Akmola Camp wives parricide (A.L.ZH.I.R.) - colloquialism title 17 of the first women's camp a special branch of Karaganda ITL (1938-1953).