2. The policy of ‘military communism’ in Kazakhstan (1918-1920).

The main purpose was to secure the cities and the Red Army with weapons, food and other necessary resources at a time when all normal economic mechanisms and relations were destroyed by war. First the food supply. Provides an exemption (изъятие) of "surplus(излишки)" products, the establishment of normalized supply them. The decree of January 1919 introduced 1prodrazverstka (the system of procurement (заготовки) of agricultural products, consists of the mandatory deposit of peasants to the state at the firm (well below market) prices all surplus (in excess of established norms of personal and household needs), bread and other products.). We establish a mandatory national service (трудовая повинность). Adopted in December 10, 1918 Labor Code (Labor Code) established labor service for all citizens. Decree by the Council of People's Commissars (SNK) 12 April 1919 and April 27, 1920, prohibited unauthorized transfer to a new job and absenteeism, installed harsh labor discipline in the factories. Widely spread a system of unpaid voluntary-forced labor on weekends and holidays in the form of "Subbotniks" and "Sundays". According to the decree of the SNK January 29, 1920 "On the order of universal labor service, all able-bodied population, regardless of the permanent job required to perform various labor jobs. Decree of the Council of Defense was created, the Main Committee of universal labor service (Glavkomtrud), headed by Dzerzhinsky. Abolition of commodity-money, market relations, changing economic incentives for non-economic, the spread on the economy of rigid state control, the spread of egalitarianism. Decree on nationalization of the banks "of 14 (27) December 1917 banking was declared a state monopoly Nationalization of banks in December 1917, was reinforced by the confiscation of funds of the population). Create new bodies of power (June 10, 1919 - created KazRevKom - carries out the military to civilian rule).

Question card № 11

1. Qimaques in the history of Kazakhstan (politic and social history, economy).

Kimaksky Kaganat (mid-VIII-X vv.) Was founded by the ancient Turks, who fled to the West after the fall of the Eastern Turkic Kaganate. He has held territory in the basin. Irtysh, and in the west to the Ural Mountains. After the collapse of the Uighur Kaganate in 840 of a large number of Turkic tribes joined the kimakam. In the X century Oguzes were allies kimakov. At the beginning of XI century. kimaki and Kipchak Oguzes pushed in a southerly direction, Pechenegs in a westerly direction, Karluks in the south-east. Kagan becoming only the military leader, he became a small militia. In Kaganate at this time there was no single centralized army. At about the same in the XI. Kipchak moved further west, okupiruya land before prenadlezhasche Oguz, power Kivchagh much stronger and led kimakov become in many ways dependent on them. Together with Kivchagh to the west took a large number of kimakov, the rest remained in their territories around the Irtysh.