Question card № 21

1. Nogai Horde and Siberian Khanate

Nogai Horde. Held in the XIV-XV centuries. part of the territory of western Kazakhstan. Initially, from the end of the XIV century. Separation Nogai Horde, a semi-possession, began with Edyge, which was a major figure in the Golden Horde, in fact, holding in their hands the power of her nearly 15 years (1396-1411 gg.). Finally Nogai Horde isolate the middle of XV century. In the Nogai Horde ulusnaya a stable system of political power and control. Prince of Horde had hereditary power, military, diplomatic, administrative. Horde was composed of several uluses, each of which combines multiple births. In chapter uluses stood Murza, has unlimited authority in their possessions. In the XV century. set of trade-economic and political ties with the Nogai Horde Russian state. History Nogai Horde was closely linked with the history of neighboring Khanates Volga, Siberia and Central Asia. After the annexation of Kazan and Astrakhan khanate to Russia and to the strife among the ruling Nogai kind Nogai Horde disintegrated into several separate hordes. Part of its population in the territory of Kazakhstan became a member of the Younger Zhuz Kazakhs.

Siberian Khanate in the 60-ies of the XV century. before the end of the XVI century. together with the territories of West Siberia, the land of the Ob, Tobol, Ishim, and covered part of the territory of the north-eastern Kazakhstan. Prior to that, in the XIV century. here there Taybuginskoe the political unification of the Turkic tribes, the primary role of which played kereity. The main population of Siberian khanates were Turkic-speaking tribes known collectively ethnonyms «Siberian Tatars», and Ugric tribes. The sources referred to ownership of the Siberian Khanate Khan (from the dynasty Shaybanidov) on average during the Tobol, Ishim, the Irtysh. In 1555 Khan Ediger acknowledged vassalage of the Grand Duchy Moskovskogo.V in 1563 seized power shibanid Kuchumov, who was a grandson Ibaka. He executed the brothers Edigera and Bekbulata. Khan Kuchumov perstal to pay tribute to Moscow, but in 1571 sent a total of 1000 Yasaka sable. In 1572 he completely tore dannicheskie relations. In 1573 Kuchumov Khan sent his nephew with Mahmut Cooley team with razvedatelnymi purposes beyond the khanate. Mahmut Cooley came to Perm, disturb possession Stroganov. Kuchumov has made great efforts to strengthen the role of Islam in Sibiri.V 1582, October 26, Ermak Kashlykom seized and began joining the Siberian Khanate to Russia. Soon on the territory of the Siberian Khanate Russian fortresses were built Tyumen, Tobolsk, birch, etc. Obdorsk Kuchumov otkocheval to south and are resisting orders to the Russian 1598 April 20, 1598 it was divided тарским Voivod Andrew Voyejkova to bank. Ob Nogayskuyu and escaped in Ordu, where he was killed. Khan was last Oraz-Muhammed.Vnuk Kuchumov - Arslan Alievich, captured in 1598, lived in Gasimova and about 1610 was declared the government of Boris Godunov Kasimovskij king.