Question card № 27

1. The Kazakh Khanate in the XVII century (the political activities of Esim khan, Jhangir khan).

Kazakh Khanate XVII. After the death of Tauekel Khan Sultan Khan becomes Esimov, son of Shiga-khan. His rule was the time the next (third account) strengthen the Kazakh Khanate after Kasym Khan and Haq Nazar Khan. Esimov Khan moves the capital of the Khanate of Sygnaka in Turkestan. He suppresses a rebellion Karakalpak. The period of the 15-year lull in relations between the Kazakh Khanate and Bukharov ends. Troops invade Bukhara became by then Kazakh Tashkent and ostovlyaya his placeman Tursun Muhammad Khan. Army Tursun Muhammad Khan and Buhara occupy the southern part of the Kazakh Khanate, including Turkistan, Sairam, Sozak. Sauran withstood the assault troops Tashkent and Bukhara. Esimov Khan fled to Ferghana. After this defeat Esimov Khan united the Kazakh troops and starts to march against Tursun Muhammad Khan and Bukhara. In 1627 he defeated the enemy. Esimov khan khanate eliminated Tashkent. Oyrat invade the Kazakh land. Kazakh troops led by Yesimov Khan commit a major hike and destroy Oyratskoe khanate. Over 100-year-old war between the Kazakhs and Oyrat. After the death of Esimov Khan in Kazakh Khanate began usobitsy which lasted several years. In the end, Khan was declared the son Esimov Zhangir Khan (1643-1652). The entire history of his reign, relates to the fight against Jungar aggression. Western Oyrat together and created in East Kazakhstan in 1635 Jungar khanate. Immediately started exhausting struggle with the nomadic Kazakhs in Northern Kazakhstan and Zhetysu. The first battle took place in 1635, but was unsuccessful for the Kazakhs. In 1643 the 50 thousandth Jungar forces invaded the Kazakh nomadic. Zhangir Khan did not have time to gather the army and gave battle ground Kyzylkiya. Here Kazakhs first massively used a firearm. Dzhungary were broken with the help of Samarkand army, led by Zhalantos Batyr and retreated in disarray. In 1652 dzhungary, buy weapons and military equipment from Russia, again spoke against the Kazakhs and Kyrgyz. Kyrgyz were forced to acknowledge their dependence on the Jungar huntayshi. In one of the battles had been killed in a duel and Zhangir Khan. The Kazakhs were defeated and were forced to leave the foothills Alatau employed Jungar nomadic.

2. The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan issued August 30, 1995.

28 January 1993 the Supreme Council of the Republic adopted the first Constitution of independent Kazakhstan. Under the Constitution, the Republic of Kazakhstan, democratic, secular and unitary state, giving equal rights to all its citizens. Emphasizes integrity, indivisibility and integrity of its territories. State power in the Republic of Kazakhstan is based on the principle of the separation of legislative, executive and judicial branches, the only source of state authority recognized by the people of Kazakhstan. In June 1995, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan NA Nazarbayev presented to the public its draft new Constitution of Kazakhstan. The project consists of 8 chapters and 95 articles. 30 August 1995 held a Republican referendum on the draft new constitution. For the adoption of the Constitution, voted 89% against - 10%. The Constitution entered into force on 5 September 1995. According to the state government of Kazakhstan is a presidential republic, as enshrined in article 2 of the 1995 Constitution. Features of the presidential form of government determines that the system of separation of powers, the President took the legal position "on the branches of government and ensures their coordinated functioning and responsible government to the people. The President may, in accordance with constitutional processes, not just send in the resignation of the government, but to dissolve Parliament, appoint judges, in certain cases, issue decrees having the force of law, and laws. According to article 40, section 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1995 President, as Head of State, determines the main directions of domestic and foreign policy and represents the Republic of Kazakhstan Kazakhstan within the country and in international relations, is a symbol and guarantor of the unity of the people and state power. The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan exclude "competing" zakonodatelstvovanie President and Parliament. During the Parliament, in accordance with part 3 of article 61, section 4, the Constitution enshrines the right to issue laws that regulate the most important public relations and establish basic principles and norms. 21 May 2007 in Kazakhstan's Constitution was amended once again, including those relating to the post of President. Again, it was introduced a rule that the same person may not hold the office of President more than two consecutive terms, the period of execution of powers of the President was reduced to 5 years (previously it was 7 years old), introduced a rule that the president should constantly live in Kazakhstan last 15 years (previous stay in Kazakhstan is not determined). In addition, the Constitution had been the special situation of the First President of Kazakhstan (Nursultan Nazarbayev), who is no longer subject to restrictions on length of tenure, and status of the First President of Kazakhstan is determined by a separate constitutional law.