2. The participation of Kazakhstan people in the front battles of the Great Patriotic War.

The participation of Kazakhs in the fronts of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. In the occupied territories extended guerilla movement, took part and Kazakhstan. The work of the guerrillas and the population led political worker Akmola, Zhangeldin, Saina. Commanders Egorova, Zebnitskomu, Begeldinovu, trouble, fighter pilot Lugansk, Moldagulova (sniper), Mametova (pulemetchitsa) has been awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. 497 Kazakhstan was awarded the title of the Hero .. The first title was given to Major General Semenchenko, last Momysh-uli (near Moscow has visited three times in an environment). Djambul 81st kavdiviziya before disbanding contributed greatly to the outcome of battle of Stalingrad - revealed the creation of an enemy faction. Order of Lenin was awarded the division of Major-General Panfilova. A special mission to the last point in the war have had the 150 th Rifle Division. For success in the attack on Berlin received the name «Berlin». Knight of orders and medals became Koshkarbaev, the first red flag on the Reichstag window.

Question card № 18

1. The Mongol conquest of the territory of Kazakhstan and the Middle East. The heroic defence of Otrar.

Already in the first decades of the XII century. Mongols themselves subjected peoples of Southern Siberia and then invaded China, actually controlled the whole of East Turkestan and China to the north of the Yellow River. In its relations with the Turkic peoples, Genghis Khan is actively used diplomacy under the slogan of all the nomads of Central Asia. Often, this led to the conclusion of the allied relations, and accompanied by dinastiynymi marriage. Prior to direct an armed invasion and conquest of the Mongols of Kazakhstan has already entered into its territory. For example, in 1211, with a broken naymanov led Kuchlukom, here was the Mongol army, led by Hubilay-noyonom. In 1216 Genghis Khan sent his eldest son Dzhuchi finally break Merkit, otkochevavshih in Qypchaq steppe. It met with an army of Mongols horezmshaha Muhammad, who was a campaign to kypchakov. In the future, the relationship between Muhammad and Genghis Khan horezmshahom folded in such a way that soon led to the so-called "Otrar catastrophe", which served as the Mongols casus belli Sultan. Horezmshah sent to the Embassy of Mongolia. In spring 1218 horezmshah respond Embassy of Genghis Khan. The ambassadors conveyed to him a letter to Genghis Khan, in which he proposed to conclude a peace treaty. Horezmshah Muhammad expressed his agreement. Genghis Khan sent to Central Asia trade caravan, which included the Mongols, and spies. Crowded caravan arrived in mid-1218 in Otrar. Ruler Otrar GAID Khan Inalchik merchants suspected of spying and ordered to kill them. Genghis Khan demanded the surrender GAID Khan .. Horezmshah not only failed to fulfill this requirement, but ordered to kill the ambassadors. The war between Genghis Khan and Sultan Muhammad was inevitable. For large herders needed extensive pastures. The raid on the lands of Kazakhstan and Central Asia was only one link in the overall chain of planned large gains. The plans included Genghis Khan conquer the entire Western Asia and Eastern Europe, and he previously gave an inheritance to his eldest son Dzhuchi yet unbowed country to the west of the Irtysh river and the Aral Sea. Top War Genghis Khan managed to assemble a large army that 120-150 thousand people. The trip began in September 1219 from the banks of the Irtysh and Syr-Darya through Semirechye. In dealing with Otrar he divided his forces: Several tumeney led by Chagatai Ugedeem and he left for the siege of Otrar, another part, led to Dzhuchi sent down the Syr Darya to Dzhend and Yangikent, third squad, was appointed to the conquest of the cities along the upper stream Syr-Darya, and the Genghis Khan and his younger son Tuluy with the main forces went to Bukhara and Samarkand - Maverennahra capital. Otrar was taken in February 1220 Dzhuchi took Sygnak, Ashnas, Yangikent in 1219-1220 he worked., And in 1221 went on a camping trip in the steppes of Kazakhstan to the north-east of the Aral Sea. It is also well acted and the main building of the Mongolian army led by Genghis Khan, by May 1220 all Maverannakhra was in the hands of the conquerors. In summer and autumn of 1220 the Mongols had Merv, Tus, and other cities of Khorasan. As a result of the winter campaign of 1220-1221 biennium. was conquered Khorezm, and culminated in military action the Mongols in Central Asia. In spring 1221 Genghis Khan sent his army across the Amu Daryu and the war moved into the territory of Khorasan, Afghanistan and Northern India. 30 millesimal Corps under the command of military Dzhebe-noyona and Subedey-noyona, speaking from northern Iran, in 1220 invaded the Caucasus country and defeating the Alans, kypchakov and Russians on the river Kalka, broke into the steppes of Kazakhstan to the north-west. In autumn 1224 Genghis Khan returned to Mongolia. Thus, as a result of the invasion of 1219-1224 biennium. Kazakhstan and Central Asia became part of the Mongolian empire.