Question card № 29

1. The economy and social organization of the Kazakh in XVI – the first half of XVIII centuries.

During the XVI-XVIII in the Kazakh Khanate ruled outstanding Kasym, Haqqi Nazar, Esimov, Zhangir Tauke and khans. At the beginning of the XVI century., Under the rule of Khan Kasym was developed and adopted a code of laws known as "Қасым ханның қасқа Zholy" (Shining Path Kasym Khan). It includes five main sections: 1. Property laws. It included provisions for resolving disputes over land, livestock and property. 2. Criminal Law. Here, various types of crimes and punish them. 3. Military Law. It specified the service population by the armed forces in time of war, conscription, the principles of the units section of the military production. 4. Ambassadorial practice. In this section, specifying the issues of international law, the Embassy of etiquette. 5. Public Law (zhurtshylyk). This section was devoted to community and communal obligations of mutual assistance, as well as the rules of the device event and palace etiquette. Described the political system was unstable and kept only the authority of the supreme ruler of cash. This is a bright force manifested in the events of the second third of the XVI century. When everyone ulusny sultan tried to proclaim himself Khan. Zheti Zhargy - a set of laws in the Kazakh Khanate Khan Tauke. This set was developed with the participation of famous biev Tole Bi (Senior zhuz), bi Kazybek (average zhuz) and bi Aiteke (Junior zhuz) at the beginning of the XVII century. And includes the following main sections: 1.Zemelny Act (Jer dauy), in which the decision to negotiate disputes over pasture and watering. 2.Semeyno-marriage law, which regulates marriage and divorce, the rights and duties of spouses, the property rights of family members. 3.Voenny Act, which regulates the administration of conscription, the formation of military units and the election. 4.Polozhenie of the judicial process, discussed the order of the trial. 5.Ugolovny law prescribing penalties for various types of crimes other than murder. 6.Zakon of Cuneo, which establishes penalties for murder and grievous bodily harm. 7.Zakon of widows (Zhesir dauy), which regulates property and personal rights of widows and orphans, as well as obligations towards the community and relatives of these deceased. Also during this period was the process of formation of three zhuzov (see question 24)

2. Ethno-demographic situation in Kazakhstan nowadays.

The population of the Republic of Kazakhstan as of 1 February 2008 was 15 million 581 thousand 648 people. Kazakhstan Today - the state with the multi-ethnic composition of the population. The country is inhabited by more than 120 nationalities, as of 1 January 2006 the largest share in the total population of the occupied Kazakhs - 58.6% and Russian - 26,1%. The share of other ethnic groups and ethnic groups accounted for 15.3% of the population of the republic. As of 1 January 2006 the number of Kazakhs of 8 913.3 thousand people, the Russians - 3 979.3 thousand, Ukrainians - 448.8 thousand Uzbeks - 428.9 thousand, the Uighur - 229.8 thousand, Tatars - 229.6 thousand Germans - 222.7 thousand Koreans - 101,7 thousand people. In comparison with January 1, 2005, the number of Kazakhs increased by 188, 1 thousand, or 2.2%, Uzbek - by 9.4 thousand or 2.2%, Uighur - by 3.3 thousand, or 1.4%, Korean - to 0.7 thousand, or 0.7%, observed decrease in the number of Russians at 45.0 thousand, or 1.1%, Ukrainians - 10,2 thousand, or at 2, 2%, Germans - to 5.4 thousand, or 2.4%, and Tatars - by 1.6 thousand or 0.2%, respectively. The number of Kazakhs increased both by natural increase (134 460), and a positive balance of migration (54 958), representing respectively 71.0% and 29.0% of the total growth in 2005. The increase in the number of Uzbeks and Uighur occurred, mainly due to natural growth, whose share in overall growth rate of 94.7% and 96.5%, and growing numbers of Koreans assured, in general, migration increases totaling 72.8% of their overall growth.