1. The epoch of Enlightenment in Kazakhstan (Abai Kunanbaev, Shokan Ualikhanov, Ibrahim Altynsarin).

Abai (Ibrahim) Kunanbayev (1845-1904) - the great Kazakh poet, writer, social activist, founder of modern Kazakh writing literature. Abai Kunanbayev contributed to the spread of Russian culture among the Kazakhs. He called: «Know the Russian language - is to open our eyes to the world». Abay has worked for some time parish manager. But soon, disappointed in their ability to use the position to benefit the people, has left her. Abai ridiculed certain traditions of aul descent, opposed the Islamic dogmatism, slavery of women. He was against to the social evil and ignorance. Abai, as ruler of doom, causing envy wild, frenzied exasperation of enemies shown in the most insidious forms. Recent blows of fate are linked to the death of his sons and Abdrakhman Magavi. Abai-laden treat illness and dismissed voluntarily condemning himself to death.

Chokan Valikhanov (1835 - 1865) - Kazakh scholar, historian, ethnographer and folklorist, traveler, educator, and a Russian officer. Researchs of Valihanov were published in Proceedings of Russian Geographical Society, also went to Berlin and London. 1853 - Graduated from the cadet corps in Omsk, where he studied and. Entered the service in line Siberian Cossack army, was appointed to the post of Adjutant, with corrective commander Siberian Separate Corps Gasforte. 1854 - Introduction to the exiled «petrashevts» writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky and poet SF Durov. 1855 - First trip to Semirechye. 1856 - Expedition to Semirechje and Issyk-Kul. A trip to Kuldzhu. Met scientists traveler Semenov-Tian-Shansky. For difference in service is made in the lieutenant. 1857 - Elected to the actual members of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. Traveled to Semirechje and Issyk-Kul for the preparation of the expedition to Kashgar. 1858, June 28 - under the guise of a merchant joined the caravans traveling from Semipalatinsk in Kashgar. 1859, April 12 - returned to the caravan to the strengthening of right. 1860 - At the beginning of the year came to St. Petersburg. Report of the Geographical Society, intensive scientific, social and literary activities. 1860 - a brief trip to London and Paris. 1861, May - Return home from St. Petersburg. 1862 - Selected for the post of senior Sultan of Atbasarsk district, but is not approved by the Governor-General. 1863 - Participation in the commission to collect people's views on judicial reform. 1864, March - June - Participation in the campaign of Chernyaev against the Kokand Khanate. Resigned and left for Semirechye. 1865, April 10 - Died

Ybyray Altynsarin (1841-1889) - Kazakh writer and folklorist. Altynsarin gave rise to the secular education of the Kazakh people. The author of the first Kazakh textbooks: «Kyrghyz reader» (1879, 2 ed., 1906) and «Primary leadership learning Kyrgyz Russian language» (1879), author of fables and stories, as well as translations of Tolstoy, Krylov. Produce versions of the alphabet based on the Russian charts for recording Kazakh texts. He opened four Russian - Kyrgyz schools, one vocational school, a women's college, five parish schools, two schools for children of Russian plant. As well as school teacher in the Trinity, a little later, he was transferred to Orenburg. Some time Altynsarin worked as a translator in the Orenburg regional governance in Turgay County governments as a clerk, served as senior assistant district chief, temporarily - the county judge. Altynsarin was awarded the title of statesman adviser.