Question card № 28

1. The political situation during the rule of Tauke khan. Khan Tauke’s code Jhety Jharga.

In 60-ies of the Kazakh-Jungar clashes were limited to small-scale clashes, but huntayshi Galdane-Boshoktu large-scale fighting resumed. Son Zhangir Khan - Tauke Khan (1680-1715) - was unable to stop dzhungarov and 1681 troops crossed the river Galdan Shu. As a result, he walks 1683-84. was taken and destroyed the city and Sairam dzhungary invaded the Ferghana Valley. Particularly acute Jungar-Kazakh relations in the 90's of the XVII century. When Dzhungariey rules huntayshi Tsevan-Raptan. Exhausting, shedshaya of extermination, a war with a strong opponent of pastures weakened the Kazakh Khanate. Despite some victories in major battles, the Kazakhs are gradually losing their nomadic on Ertisu, Tarbagatayu, and Zhetysu, farther back on the east. Zheti Zhargy - a set of laws in the Kazakh Khanate Khan Tauke. Changes in the political structure led to the urgent need for processing and legal framework of the Kazakh society. This work was done all the XVII century and in the Khan Tauke has been embodied in a set of laws "Zheti Zhargy" (Seven established). This set was developed with the participation of famous biev Tole Bi (Senior zhuz), bi Kazybek (average zhuz) and bi Aiteke (Junior zhuz) at the beginning of the XVII century. And includes the following main sections: 1.Zemelny Act (Jer dauy), in which the decision to negotiate disputes over pasture and watering. 2.Semeyno-marriage law, which regulates marriage and divorce, the rights and duties of spouses, the property rights of family members. 3.Voenny Act, which regulates the administration of conscription, the formation of military units and the election. 4.Polozhenie of the judicial process, discussed the order of the trial. 5.Ugolovny law prescribing penalties for various types of crimes other than murder. 6.Zakon of Cuneo, which establishes penalties for murder and grievous bodily harm. 7.Zakon of widows (Zhesir dauy), which regulates property and personal rights of widows and orphans, as well as obligations towards the community and relatives of these deceased.

2. The Republic of Kazakhstan on the way of democratization of socio-political relationships.

The Republic of Kazakhstan on the way of democratization of socio-political relationships. Because of Nazarbaev to the deputies. The process of political modernization was consistently since Kazakhstan gained independence. We have chosen an evolutionary path. We oppose the forced introduction of democracy. We passed several stages. In the first phase - from 1991 to 1995 - from the moment of real independence to the adoption of the Constitution of sovereign Kazakhstan, we have focused on overcoming dezintegratsionnyh processes, forming the foundation of Kazakh statehood, the transition from single to the dictates of political pluralism, establishing the foundations of democratic development. Our principle - first the economy, then policy - fully paid off. In the second phase - from 1995 to 2000 - our main concern was the establishment and strengthening of modern democratic institutions, forming a new political culture based on the Constitution, adopted by people in a referendum in 1995. The success of ensuring the realization of socio-economic development strategy of Kazakhstan till 2030. The third phase - from 2001 to 2006 - became a powerful vindication of our strategy. During this period we have provided the socio-economic breakthrough and become a regional leader. There was also our nationhood.