Question card № 32

1. The Kazakh revolt of Small Horde under the leadership of Sirim batyr (1783-1797).

Syrym Datov (1753-1802) - Sergeant Kazakh kind Baybakty, the leader of the national anti-feudal and anti-colonial movement of Kazakhs Younger Juz in 1783-1797There is evidence that Srym Datov took part in the Peasants' War 1773-75 period under Pugachev. Preserved dispatch AVSuvorov Count PI Panin on June 22, 1775, in which he reports on S. Datov as one of the active participants in the uprising. In any case, waves of Kazakhs were a direct continuation of those events. In 1775, Empress Catherine II gave the Kazakhs some rights, in particular by allowing the use of winter pastures in the area between the Urals and the Volga River, although they were ancestral wintering Kipchak tribes before the Golden Horde. But the Ural Cossack strongly disliked the concessions, then began inevitable in such cases, friction, conflict, Cossacks demanded the abandonment of the hostages (hostages) in passing through their lands, payment of land used for transhumance. Kazakhs periodically "blown up" raids, in response were punitive expeditions. Because of the raids on the caravans practically interrupted trade between Russia and Central Asian States: Bukhara, Khiva, Kokand. Soon began attempts to reform the device Kazakh tribes Younger Juz that would allow the royal administration to control them. One such attempt was the convening of a kind of steppe Parliament - National Assembly in 1785. Orenburg governor-general Baron Igelström quickly realized that the convening of the meeting was a mistake. His head was chosen Srym Datov, not Khan Younger Juz Nuraly. As a result, Khan, who lost their popularity, was forced to flee under the protection of Russia. Since 1783 was a continuous struggle in which the royal administration tried to impose its will, with the Kazakh side is more and more demands were made on the actual independence. Deciding that it was time to stop the game in the steppe liberalism, the imperial administration in 1791 announced the return of the Khan's power by appointing Sultan Khan, Yesim. . In response Sirym Datov actually declares war on Russia and kills her protege Yesim then began numerous raids on the boundary linethat was not terminated within ten years. In 1797, haunted by the sultans Sirym Datov forced to migrate with the tribe to the south, the lands of the Khiva Khanate. In 1802 he died, according to some sources was poisoned by enemies.

2. The science, education and culture at the present time.

In recent years, taken a course in Kazakhstan on the development of domestic knowledge production, design and development of new information technologies, targeted to competitive products and the interests of national security and economic development of the industrial, scientific and technical potential of the country. Under these conditions, active innovation processes, new technological ways, development of new reinforced in the manufacturing industry, the development of national scientific and technological capabilities, bridging the gap between science and industry, the real transfer of advanced foreign technology and introduction of international standards. Scientific and technical potential is a combination of human, logistical, financial and institutional resources to address challenges facing the country's scientific and technological development. The Ministry of Education and Science are currently 55 research organizations. They employ more than 5 thousand people, of whom more than 2.3 thousand academic staff, including 450 PhDs, and about 1000 candidates of science. Education. The principles of state policy in education. 1. The basic principles of State education policy are: 1) equal rights for all to quality education, 2) the priority of educational development, 3) access to education at all levels for the population in view of intellectual development, psychophysiological and individual characteristics of each person, 4) the secular, humanistic and the evolving nature of education, the priority of civic values, human life and health, free development of personality, 5) respect for human rights and freedoms; 6) to promote education and personality development of gifted, 7) the continuity of the educational process, providing continuity of levels; 8) unity learning and education; 9), the democratic nature of educational management, transparency of the system of education; 10) variety of educational organizations by ownership patterns, forms of training and education, areas of education. 2. The establishment and operation of the organizational structures of political parties and religious organizations (associations) in educational organizations. Culture. In the cultural sphere in the country in 2002 were: 44 Theater, 3220 libraries, 103 museums and the zoo 4. Over the past decade, significantly decreased the library industry, where the number of registered readers and libraries decreased (respectively, almost 3 and 2 times), as well as decreased attendance at domestic theaters (nearly 3 times - 1321 to 4009 in thousands.) And zoos (235, 3 to 620 ths.)