2. The national-liberating revolt of 1916 year (the causes, peculiarities, main centres).

Jun 25, 1916 issued an order in which all non-Russian men between the ages of 18 to 43 years should be mobilized to work on the creation of defensive structures in the vicinity of the army and to rear of work. Mobilization was carried out during the harvest season and otgona cattle. 1916-1917 biennium. - Hunger Kazakhs. All this led to rebellion Kazakhs and other peoples of Central Asia to Russia kolonizatorstva. The government announced blanket ordinance, but that does not stop pockets of rebellion has erupted. The fight began with the destruction posemeynyh lists (then it would be impossible to determine age). The leaders were: Turgay region - I. Imanov, Zhangildin (most organized uprising) Uralskaya - Mendes on Mangistau - Mynbayev, Akmola - Seifullin, Semirechje - T. Bokin, Syrdarya - Ryskulov. In Zhetysuyskoy area of the revolt was crushed by October 1916 because of the suppression of fragmentation of action. In Turgay - largest rebel nest. In 1916, Amangeldi Imanov collect troops, in August sardarbekom selected. Forces divided by 100, 1000 (as Chingizhan). To quell the revolt, was removed from the front of the army (Levrentev). Rebels were retreating. Members were sentenced to death by hard labor. There vsekazahsky nature (as Kenesary).

Question card № 5

1. Usuns and Kangha (location, economy, social organization, political history).

We lived in the territory Dzhungarii, but in a century. BC emerged in South-East Kazakhstan. At sowing. Before Balkhash, in the west - to the region. Talas. Facilities. Nomadic social structure. Community usuney were differentiated, there were rich and poor people. Among the nobles, chosen leader - gunmo, the throne passed from father to son. He appointed his assistant from the next of kin. Gunmo was High Priest and Judge. In addition to the governor was still 8 categories of officials. Assistant gunmo was the title - duglu, the military went after him (they were 2-s), their assistants - darts, and the rulers of parts but they were, and officials concerned with the affairs of tax collection, law enforcement, etc. The society was its own army (druzhinniki). The foundation was cavalry troops, weapons they used arrows and bows, they are excellent owners. In a society usuney there was slavery, of war. Political history. In 177 BC they founded their own state with its capital Chiguchen. In 60g. NIMBLE comes to power, he relies entirely on the Chinese and their garrisons, which results in raising the uprising against him. As a result of internal upheaval in 53 BC State Usuney splits into 2 halves. Since the period 30-16 BC, was able to re-unite the two states into a coherent whole. In 17 g.d.n.e. he started the war Uyzhinzhan. In the future, the history of the two states Usuney for a period of 48 years, 9 counts of war. Since then, governors of states to control the Chinese. 5 In the early centuries AD name - usuney, almost never appears. Kangyui. Resettlement. On average, during the Syr Darya. In I-II cc AD - Southern Kazakhstan, part Semirechje - to the east coast of the Aral Sea. Facilities. The people involved in pastoral and irrigated agriculture. The farm was dominated horse also breed cows, camels, yaks. Hunt plays a big role. It was development of fisheries. Of the variety of dishes made of clay ways round molding, and on a potter's wheel. Artisans exchanged their products for animal products and grain. Communication device. In Tribes kangyuev there is income inequality. The power of the tribes began to move kangyuy inherited - from father to son. Prisoners are treated in slaves. Among kangyuev were distributed nature of the cult and the cult of ancestors. The political history at the turn of our era studied insufficiently. In 46-36 BC supported by the Northern Huns, led by Chzhichzhi and then opposed them, with obedinvshis usunyami and Chinese. In the 85 year Kangyui supported Fergantsev, rebelled against the Chinese governor Kashgar Ban Chao. The overall trend of policy kangyuev throughout the period of their existence was to preserve under the control of the Silk Road from Ferghana to the Aral Sea region, shedshego on the Syr Darya.

2. The February bourgeois-democratic revolution of 1917 in Russian and its influence on Kazakhstan.

In February 1917, won bourgeois-democratic revolution, svergnuvshaya tsarism. Kazakh people welcomed the defeat of rallies and demonstrations of March demonstrations were the beginning of the creation of workers councils of deputies. In March 1917, they emerged in Perovskaya and other cities on the rail lines. The initiators were the railroad. Tips for working members are combined with tips of Soldiers' Deputies. The country was formed diarchy: bourgeois provisional government and the workers and soldiers' deputies. Were abolished by the Governor-General, in lieu of provincial commissioners. Bukeyhanov the Interim Government was appointed Commissioner of Turgay area Tynyshpaev - Semirechje, Dosmuhamedov - Uralskaya, Csoka - Turkestan. Were formed by the national Kazakh field and county committees. It creates the youth clubs (Ryskulov «Revolutionary Youth Union of Kazakhstan»), against time, governments, against kulachestva, education, campaigning. There were campaign rallies. Establishment of trade unions. Measures to eliminate local government of imperial power. Interim Commissioner of the roads designated Кобозев (April 1917). The main requirement of working - 8 hour working day. The Interim Government has pursued a policy of autocracy. 6 March, accepted the amnesty of 1916 participants in the uprising continued to act in resettlement management. In Kazakhstan, there are councils in March 1917.