Прошедшее совершенное время

had V3

причастие ІІ had + смыслового глагола

Сокращенные формы:

I had done = I’d done I had not done = I hadn’t done

Past Perfect употребляется для выражения действия, которое уже совершилось до определенного момента в прошлом. Этот момент может быть определен:

а) обстоятельством времени с предлогом by: by six o’clock к шести часам,

by that time к тому времени, by the end of the week к концу недели и т.д.

We had translated the article by five o’clock. Мы перевели статью к пяти часам.

By the end of the year he had learnt to speak English. К концу года он выучился говорить по-английски.

б) другим более поздним действием, выраженным в Past Indefinite

We had just reached the station when it began to rain. Мы едва дошли до вокзала, как начался дождь.

He suddenly realized that he had left his umbrella in the bus. Он внезапно понял, что оставил зонтик в автобусе.

В сложноподчиненных предложениях Past Perfect может употребляться как в главном, так и в придаточном предложении, с союзом

before прежде чем – в главном предложении, с союзом after после того

как – в придаточном предложении:

After she had finished her housework she turned on the television. После того как она закончила работу по дому, она включила телевизор.

I had finished my work before I returned home. Я окончил свою работу прежде, чем он вернулся домой.

Упр. 8. Изучите таблицу. С ее помощью постройте утвердительные, отрицательные и вопросительные предожения.

		I, he, she, it we, you, they	had	done the work	before	the students came.
		I, he, she, it we, you, they	had not	done the work	before	the students came.
	Had	I, he, she, it we, you, they		done the work	before	the students came?
		Who	had	done the work	before	the students came?
By what time	had	I, he, she, it we, you, they		done the work?
What	had	I, he, she, it we, you, they		done	before	the students came?

Упр. 9. Прочитайте предложения и объясните употребление Past Perfect. Предложения переведите.

1. She had written the report by six o’clock. 2. By what time had the meeting been over? 3. I had not finished my work by Monday. 4. When we entered the hall, the performance had already begun. 5. As soon as I saw him I understood that something had happened. 6. I bought a new dictionary because I had lost my old one. 7. I told my friends a new joke which I had heard recently. 8. When I came out into the street I saw that the rain had stopped. 9. On my way home I met a friend of mine whom I had not seen for many years. 10. I didn’t recognize him because so many years had passed since we met last.

Упр. 10. Ответьте на вопросы, говоря, что действие уже произошло до того, как вас об этом спросили. Глаголы в скобках употребите в Past Perfect. Повторите формы неправильных глаголов: to see – saw – seen; to forget – forgot – forgotten; to spend – spent – spent; to lose – lost – lost; to be – was/were – been.

Model: - Why didn’t you watch that film on TV yesterday? (see)

- Because I had seen it before.

1. Why didn’t you see Ann when you came to Minsk? (leave) 2. Why didn’t you tell him my address? (forget) 3. What did Tom hear about Kate’s examination? (pass) 4. Why did Fred come home so soon from his holiday? (spend all the money) 5. Why couldn’t you get into your flat at once? (lose the key) 6. What did you learn about Bob? (marry) 7. What did he learn about Helen from the letter he received? (be ill for a month).

The Future Perfect Tense