Будущее совершенное время

shall / will have V₃

Future Perfect употребляется для выражения будущего действия, которое уже произойдет до определенного момента в будущем. Момент, до которого совершится действие, может быть обозначен:

1. обстоятельствами времени с предлогом by (by 5 o’clock, by Monday, by the end of the month и пр.);

I shall have translated the text by the end of the week.

Я переведу этот текст до конца недели.

2) другим будущем действием, выраженным в Present Indefinite, в придаточных предложениях времени и условия:

I shall have translated the text when you return.

Я уже переведу этот текст, когда ты вернешься.

Future Perfect не употребляется в придаточных предложениях времени и условия. В этих случаях вместо Future Perfect употребляется Present Perfect или Present Indefinite:

I shall go to the country after I have passed my exams.

Я поеду в деревню, после того, как сдам экзамены.

We shan’t be able to start at 7 unless it stops raining.

Мы не сможем отправиться в 7 часов, если не перестанет дождь.

Упр.11. Изучите таблицу. Обратите внимание на то, как образуется вопросительная и отрицательная форма глаголов в будущем совершенном времени.

I shall have written a poem by her birthday. He She will have written It an article. We shall have written two stories by that time. You will have written They a course paper by the end of the term.

Shall I have written a poem by her birthday? he Will she have written it an article? Shall we have written two stories by that time? you Will have written they a course paper by the end of the term?

Ishall not (shan’t) have written a poem by her birthday. He She will not have It (won’t) written an article. We shall not have written two stories by that time. You will not have They written a course paper by the end of the term.

Упр. 12. Прочтите диалоги. Найдите глаголы в Perfect. Объясните его употребление. Предложения переведите. Незнакомые слова даны в примечаниях.

1.

- I’ll have written my composition¹ by 6 o’clock.

- Oh, I shan’t even have begun mine by then. But I’ll have begun it as soon as² supper is over³.

- I hope you will.

2.

- Do you have time to do sports?

- Yes, of course, I’ve joined the Institute sports club. I am fond of skating and skiing.

- Well, I hope you’ll have set a record⁴ by the end of the year.

- Let’s hope for the best.

3.

- Kitty, I want you to go to the baker’s⁵ before 6 o’clock. I have this ironing⁶ to do but I shall have finished it in half an hour and I need a loaf⁷ for supper.

- Can I go after 6 o’clock, Mum? I am watching an interesting film and it won’t have finished by 6 o’clock.

- I’m sorry, but the baker’s shop will have closed by the time the film finishes.

- All right, Mum. I’ll go now.

- I hope you will. We shall have had supper and you will have cleared the table⁸ by half past seven, then you can watch another film before your bed-time. Will it have finished by 9 o’clock?

- Oh, yes, it will have finished by half past eight.

Упр. 13. Скажите, что все эти действия уже произойдут к определенному моменту в будущем.

Model: The concert (finish) by 10 o’clock. – The concert will have finished by 10 o’clock.

1. We hope you (learn) all this by tomorrow. 2. I (finish) everything by the time you get back. 3. … you (write) all your letters by 5 o’clock? 4. By next Tuesday you (stay) with us for 5 weeks. 5. He (write) his report by Monday. 6. They (make) it up помириться by the end of the journey. 7. When we reach that village we (do) half of the journey. 8. They (go) for a walk by the time I have finished the job. 9. You (have) a good rest by the end of the week.

Упр. 14. Раскройте скобки, употребив глаголы в одном из времен группы Perfect.

1. I (to do) my work by 6 o’clock tomorrow. 2. You (to do) this work by next Sunday? 3. He (to live) in St.Petersburg since 1997. 4. Peter is only seven but he (to learn) already to swim. 5. Tom (to return) from the theatre by 10 o’clock. 6. When I came home my mother told me that she (to receive) a letter from grandfather. 7. All my friends were glad to hear that I (to pass) сдать all my exams successfully. 8. I never (to speak) to him.

Упр. 15. Прочитайте и переведите следующие интернациональные слова:

Special [’spe∫əl], education [¸edju’kei∫n], educationally [,edju’kei∫ənəli], minimum [‘miniməm], exam [ig’zæm], standardized exam [‘stændədaizd], license [‘laisəns], adapt [ə’dæpt], personnel [¸pə:sə’nel] n, practice [‘præktis], doctorate [‘dktərit] n, department [di’pa:tmənt], assist [ə’sist], emotional [i’mou∫ənəl], professional [prə’fe∫ənəl].

Упр. 16. Прочитайте и переведите текст, выписав незнакомые вам слова:

CAREERS IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT

Text 5

Becoming an exceptional children teacher (special education teacher) requires four years or more of education and an undergraduate degree as minimum. But some states require a master’s degree or passing a standardized exam to obtain a license to work with exceptional children.

Exceptional children teachers work with children who are educationally handicapped (those who are mentally retarded, have a physical handicap, have a learning disability, or have a behavioural disorder) or who are gifted. They develop special curricula for the exceptional children and help them to adapt to their exceptional circumstances. Special education teachers work with other school personnel and with parents to improve the adjustment of exceptional children.

School and career counsellors (guidance counsellors) must have undergraduate degree (minimum); many have master’s degree. They receive coursework in education and counselling in a school of education and undergo counsellor training practice. Some of them pursue a doctorate degree in counselling often in graduate programs in education departments. This degree requires six years to complete.

The majority of guidance counsellors work with secondary school students, assisting them to plan their education and career. They often give students aptitude tests and evaluate their interests, as well as their abilities. Guidance counsellors also see students who are having school-related problems, including emotional problems. When necessary, they refer them to other professionals such as school psychologists or clinical psychologists.

Упр. 17. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What careers is Text 5 about? 2. How many years of education does the career of special education teacher require? 3. What children do these teachers work with? 4. Is there any special curriculum for such children? 5. Do special education teachers help children’s parents in any way? 6. What training do guidance counsellors receive? 7. What degrees do they have? 8. Who do guidance counsellors work with? 9. What does their work include?

Homework:

1. Упр. 1, 15, 16.

2. Употребление времен Perfect. Упр. 14.

LESSON 9