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- •Академия управления при Президенте Республики Беларусь
- •Entry test
- •2. Choose the verb form you would use to translate the following sentences.
- •Total: 100/____ § 1 meaning and creation of verbs
- •I. General meaning
- •II. Verb creation
- •1.1. Read and translate into Russian the following pairs of words. Observe the vowel interchange in nouns and verbs.
- •1.2. Read the semantically and morphologically related pair set words. Observe the opposition of unvoiced consonants in nouns (or adjectives) and voiced consonants in verbs.
- •1.3. Read each of the following disyllabic words first as a verb and then as a noun (or adjective). Observe the stress distinction. Explain and translate the words into Russian.
- •1.4. Change the following nouns and adjectives into verbs by conversion. Explain and translate the verbs into Russian, give examples of their usage.
- •1.9. Use the phrasal verbs in the box to complete the sentences below. You may also need to use certain pronoun or a noun.
- •§ 2 Kinds and forms of verbs
- •I. Kinds of verbs
- •II. Grammatical categories and forms of verbs
- •Major Verb Forms
- •2.1. Identify the verbs in the following sentences by underlining the auxiliary verb once and the main verb twice.
- •2.2. Determine if the following sentences contain a transitive (t) or intransitive (I) verb.
- •2.3. Use the verb given at the left in the Infinitive, the s-form, the -ing form or the -ed form to fill in the blanks. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •§ 3 The category of tense: general information
- •1. Indefinite Tenses
- •2. Perfect Tenses
- •3. Continuous and Perfect Continuous Tenses. Aspect.
- •3.1. Correlate the Russian verbs in the following sentences with the English tense scheme. Name the tense form of the verb you would use in English.
- •3.2. Which tense (Indefinite, Perfect, Continuous or Perfect Continuous) would you use for the verb to translate the following sentences:
- •3.3. Without translating the whole sentence use the verb in brackets in the correct tense form (Indefinite, Perfect, Continuous or Perfect Continuous).
- •Unit 2 indefinite tenses entry test
- •1. Choose the correct variant.
- •2. Open the brackets. Use the proper tense form.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •§ 1 The Present indefinite
- •Remember: Affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences with the verbs to be and to have/have got are formed in the following way:
- •The Present Indefinite is used to denote:
- •1.1. Explain the use of the Present Indefinite forms. Translate into Russian.
- •1.2. Transform into negative and interrogative forms.
- •1.3. Ask your fellow-student:
- •1.4. (A) Say that somebody or something does the same. Give your reasons:
- •1.5. (A) Describe your daily activities by making sentences with frequency adverbs and the Present Indefinite.
- •1.6. Open the brackets. Use the appropriate forms of the verbs to be, to have and to have got.
- •1.7. Open the brackets. Use the Present Indefinite.
- •1.8. Identify and correct any possible errors in these sentences where necessary.
- •1.9. Translate into English. Use the Present Indefinite.
- •1.10. Read the stories and reproduce them. Use the Present Indefinite.
- •§ 2 The past indefinite
- •The Past Indefinite is used to denote:
- •Complete actions or events which happened at a stated past time: She called me an hour ago.
- •2.1. Explain the use of the Past Indefinite forms. Translate into Russian.
- •2.2. Transform into negative and interrogative forms.
- •2.3. Ask your fellow-student:
- •2.4. Open the brackets. Use the appropriate form of the verb 'to be'.
- •2.5. Express contrasting past actions. Give your reason.
- •2.6. Fill in:
- •2.7. Complete the sentences. Each sentence should have a form of used to. Add your own words.
- •2.8. Open the brackets. Use the Past Indefinite.
- •2.9. Open the brackets. Use either the Past Indefinite or Present Indefinite.
- •2.10. Identify and correct any possible errors in these sentences where necessary.
- •2.11. Translate into English. Use the Past Indefinite.
- •2.12. Read the stories and reproduce them. Use the Past Indefinite.
- •§ 3 The future indefinite
- •3.1. Explain the use of the Future Indefinite forms. Translate into Russian.
- •3.2. Transform into negative and interrogative forms.
- •3.3. Ask your fellow-student:
- •Be going to vs. Will
- •3.4. Fill in: will or be going to.
- •3.5. Combine the ideas of the two sentences into one sentence. Use adverbial clauses of time or condition.
- •3.6. Open the brackets. Use the proper tense form.
- •3.7. Open the brackets. Use either the Future Indefinite or Present Indefinite.
- •3.8. Identify and correct any possible errors in these sentences where necessary.
- •3.9. Translate into English. Use the Future Indefinite.
- •Review exercises
- •1. Open the brackets. Use the proper tense form.
- •2. Translate into English:
- •Progress test
- •1. Choose the correct variant.
- •2. Open the brackets. Use the proper tense form.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •Unit 3 perfect tenses entry test
- •1. Choose the correct variant.
- •2. Open the brackets. Use the proper tense form.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •§ 1. The present perfect
- •1.1. Explain the use of the Present Perfect forms. Translate into Russian.
- •1.2. Transform into negative and interrogative forms.
- •1.3. Transform into an interrogative form according to the model.
- •1.4. Put in: yet or already.
- •1.5. Put in: since or for.
- •1.6. Open the brackets. Use the Present Perfect.
- •1.7. Combine the given phrases. Translate what is given in the right-hand column.
- •1.8. Use adverbs or adverbial phrases given in the right-hand column instead of the underlined ones. Change the tense if necessary.
- •1.9. Complete the sentences. Mind the use of the Present Perfect.
- •1.10. Translate what is given in the left-hand column. Use the Present Perfect or Past Indefinite adding the phrases in the right-hand column.
- •1.11. Translate into English. Use the Present Perfect.
- •§ 2. The past perfect
- •2.1. Explain the use of the Past Perfect forms. Translate into Russian.
- •2.2. Transform into negative and interrogative forms.
- •2.3. Say that somebody had already done the thing he/she was asked to.
- •2.4. Answer the following questions. Use the Past Perfect.
- •2.5. Complete the sentences. Make use of the suggested Russian phrases.
- •2.6. Make up a complex sentence. Combine two simple sentences using either the Past Indefinite or Past Perfect.
- •2.7. Write a compound sentence to show that one action happened after another in the past. Use the conjunctions "after, before, as soon as".
- •2.8. Jane arrived late at different places yesterday. What had happened when she arrived at each place?
- •2.9. Combine two sentences to make a compound one with the conjunctions hardly … when, scarcely … when, no sooner ... Than.
- •2.10. Put the verbs in brackets into the required tense form:
- •2.11. Complete the sentences. Supply the missing parts.
- •2.12. Complete the following sentences. Use either the Past Perfect or Past Indefinite.
- •2.13. Fill in with the Past Perfect.
- •2.14. Complete the sentences. Mind the use of the Past Perfect.
- •2.15. Translate into English. Use the Past Perfect.
- •§ 3 The future perfect
- •3.1. Explain the use of the Future Perfect forms. Translate into Russian.
- •3.2. Transform the sentences into negative and interrogative forms.
- •3.3. Read the situation and then respond to it. Use the Future Perfect.
- •3.4. Answer the following questions about the actions which will have happened by a certain moment in the future according to the model.
- •3.5. Read the situation and then respond to it. Use the verb in the Future Perfect in an affirmative and negative form, and by then. Expand your responses according to the model.
- •3.6. Complete the sentences. Use a suitable modifier of time among those given in the margin and translate these modifiers into English.
- •3.7. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Perfect.
- •Stanstead Airport Work Schedule
- •3.8. Translate into English. Use the Future Perfect, the Future Indefinite and the Future Continuous.
- •3.9. Translate into English. Mind the use of tenses.
- •Review exercises
- •1. Open the brackets. Use the proper tense form.
- •2. Translate into English.
- •Progress test
- •1. Choose the correct variant.
- •2. Open the brackets. Use the proper tense form.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •Unit 4 continuous tenses entry test
- •1. Choose the correct variant.
- •2. Open the brackets. Use the proper tense form.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •§ 1 The present continuous
- •1.1. Explain the use of the Present Continuous forms. Translate into Russian.
- •1.2. Transform into negative and interrogative forms.
- •1.3. Say that somebody is doing it.
- •1.4. Ask your fellow-student:
- •1.5. Open the brackets. Use either the Present Continuous or Present Indefinite.
- •Remember:
- •Verbs of opinion: agree, believe, consider etc.
- •Verbs of emotions: feel, forgive, hate, like, love etc.
- •1.6. Open the brackets. Use the Present Continuous or Present Indefinite.
- •1.7. Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete each sentence.
- •1.8. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning remains the same.
- •1.9. Identify and correct any possible errors in these sentences where necessary.
- •1.10. Translate into English. Use either the Present Continuous or Present Indefinite.
- •1.11. Read the stories and reproduce them.
- •§ 2 The past continuous
- •2.1. Explain the use of the Past Continuous forms. Translate into Russian.
- •2.2. Transform into negative and interrogative forms.
- •2.3. Refer the following actions to the past.
- •2.4. Ask your fellow-student:
- •2.5. Combine the two sentences into one compound sentence each time saying that:
- •2.6. How did it happen?
- •2.7. Open the brackets. Use either the Past Continuous or Past Indefinite.
- •The Alibi Game
- •2.8. Open the brackets. Use either the present forms (the Present Indefinite, the Present Continuous) or the past forms (the Past Indefinite, the Past Continuous).
- •2.9. Identify and correct any possible errors in these sentences where necessary.
- •2.10. Translate into English. Use either the Past Continuous or Past Indefinite.
- •2.11. Read the stories and reproduce them.
- •§ 3 The future continuous
- •3.1. Explain the use of the Future Continuous forms. Translate into Russian.
- •3.2. Transform into negative and interrogative forms.
- •3.3. Ask your fellow-student:
- •3.4. Say what other people will be doing at a given moment in the future.
- •3.5. Open the brackets. Use either the Future Continuous or Future Indefinite.
- •3.6. Identify and correct any possible errors in these sentences where necessary.
- •3.7. Translate into English. Use either the Future Continuous or Future Indefinite.
- •3.8. Act out the conversation. Use the Future Continuous.
- •3.9. Talk to your partner about similar things.
- •Review exercises
- •1. Open the brackets. Use the proper tense forms.
- •2. Translate into English.
- •Progress test
- •1. Choose the correct variant.
- •2. Open the brackets. Use the proper tense form.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •Unit 5 perfect continuous tenses entry test
- •1. Choose the correct variant.
- •2. Open the brackets. Use the proper tense form.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •§ 1 The present perfect continuous
- •1.1. Explain the use of the Present Perfect Continuous forms. Translate into Russian.
- •1.2. Transform into negative and interrogative forms.
- •1.3. Transform into an interrogative form according to the model:
- •1.4. Combine the given phrases. Translate what is given in the right-hand column.
- •1.5. Open the brackets. Use the Present Perfect Continuous.
- •1.6. Put in: since or for.
- •1.7. Complete the sentences. Mind the use of either the Present Perfect Continuous or Present Perfect.
- •Oral Activity
- •1.8. Translate into English. Use the Present Perfect Continuous where appropriate.
- •1.9. Translate into English. Use either the Present Perfect Continuous or Present Perfect.
- •§ 2 The past perfect continuous
- •2.1. Explain the use of the Past Perfect Continuous forms. Translate into Russian.
- •2.2. Transform into negative and interrogative forms.
- •2.3. Use the Past Perfect Continuous instead of the infinitive in brackets.
- •2.4. Join the following sentences. Use the Past Perfect Continuous in the main clause according to the model:
- •2.5. Express the same idea. Use the Past Perfect Continuous according to the model.
- •2.6. Answer these questions. Give your reasons according to the model.
- •2.7. Ask questions about the starting point of the actions according to the model.
- •2.8. Translate into English. Use the Past Perfect Continuous.
- •2.9. Translate into English. Be sure to use either the Past Indefinite or Past Continuous, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous.
- •§ 3 The future perfect continuous
- •3.1. Explain the use of the Future Perfect Continuous forms. Translate into Russian.
- •3.2. Transform into negative and interrogative forms.
- •3.3. Open the brackets. Use the Future Perfect Continuous.
- •3.4. Complete the sentences. Mind the use of the Future Perfect Continuous.
- •3.5. Open the brackets. Use either the Future Perfect, Future Indefinite or Future Perfect Continuous.
- •3.6. Translate into English. Mind the use of tenses.
- •Review exercises
- •1. Open the brackets. Use the proper tense form.
- •2. Translate into English.
- •Progress test
- •1. Choose the correct tense form.
- •2. Open the brackets. Use the proper tense form.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •Entry test
- •1. Choose the correct variant.
- •2. Use the proper tense changing the underlined adverb (make use of the adverbs, adverbial phrases and subordinate clauses given in the right-hand column):
- •3. Translate the sentences in the left-hand column using the phrases given in the right-hand column.
- •4. Complete the sentences using the proper tense.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •§1 Ways of Expressing the Present in English
- •1.1. The Present Indefinite – the Present Continuous entry test
- •1. Open the brackets. Use either the Present Indefinite or Present Continuous.
- •2. Translate using either the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous.
- •1.1.1. The verbs in the following sentences are either in the Present Indefinite or Present Continuous. Mark the Indefinite (Simple) ones s and the Continuous ones c:
- •1.1.2. Now use the sentences from exercise 1.1.1. To complete the conversations. Reproduce them:
- •1.1.3. Use the following verbs in the Present Indefinite or Present Continuous to complete the text. Retell it (in the 3rd person singular).
- •1.1.4. Use these auxiliaries to complete the conversation. Reproduce it.
- •1.1.5. Use each verb twice, once in the Present Indefinite and once in the Present Continuous.
- •1.1.7. Translate using either the Present Indefinite or Present Continuous.
- •1.2. The Present Indefinite – the Present Perfect.
- •1.3. The Present Perfect – the Present Perfect Continuous. Entry test
- •1. Open the brackets. Use either the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.
- •2. Translate using either the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.
- •1.3.1. Complete the sentences. Use either the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous. In some sentences, either form is possible.
- •1.3.2. Open the brackets. Use either the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous, the Present Indefinite or Present Continuous. Reproduce the dialogue.
- •1.3.3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: the Present Indefinite or Present Continuous, the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.
- •1.3.4. Translate using either the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.
- •§ 2 Ways of Expressing the Past in English
- •2.1. The Past Indefinite – the Past Continuous entry test
- •1. Open the brackets. Use either the Past Indefinite or Past Continuous.
- •2. Translate using either the Past Indefinite or Past Continuous.
- •2.1.1. Use the Past Indefinite of these irregular verbs to complete the sentences:
- •2.1.2. Complete these sentences with the following verbs in the Past Indefinite:
- •2.1.3. Now use the sentences from exercise 2.1.2. To complete the conversations. Reproduce them.
- •In most of these examples the verb makes a strong word partnership with a following noun, e.G. Do business, cut the budget. Can you underline the others?
- •2.1.4. Complete this article from a trade magazine using the Past Indefinite of the following verbs. Retell it (in the 3rd person singular).
- •2.1.5. Think of a suitable verb in the Past Indefinite to complete each gap. Retell it (in the 3rd person singular).
- •2.1.6. Open the brackets. Use either the Past Indefinite or Past Continuous. Retell the story.
- •2.1.7. Translate using either the Past Indefinite or Past Continuous.
- •2.2. The Past Indefinite – the Present Perfect entry test
- •1. Open the brackets. Use either the Past Indefinite or Present Perfect.
- •2. Translate using either the Past Indefinite or Present Perfect.
- •2.2.1. Complete the sentences using these verbs:
- •2.2.2. Now match up these responses to the sentences in 2.2.1. Reproduce these conversations.
- •2.2.3. Use these phrases to complete the conversation. Reproduce it.
- •2.2.4. The following adverbs of time are common with the Present Perfect. Use them in these conversations:
- •2.2.5. Put the verbs in brackets either into the Past Indefinite or Present Prefect.
- •2.2.6. Open the brackets. Use either the Past Indefinite or Present Perfect.
- •2.2.7. Translate into English. Use either the Present Indefinite or Past Indefinite, the Present Continuous or Present Perfect.
- •2.3. The Past Indefinite – the Past Perfect entry test
- •1. Open the brackets. Use either the Past Indefinite or Past Prefect.
- •2. Translate using either the Past Indefinite or Past Perfect.
- •But when it is necessary to emphasize that the first action was completely finished before the second one started, the Past Perfect is used:
- •2.3.1. Fill in with either the Past Indefinite or Past Perfect. State which action happened first.
- •2.3.2. Open the brackets. Use either the Past Indefinite or Past Perfect.
- •2.3.3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: the Past Indefinite, Past Continuous or Past Perfect.
- •2.3.4. Open the brackets. Use the correct past form. Retell the text (in the 3rd person singular).
- •2.3.5. Translate using the Past Indefinite, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous.
- •§3 Ways of Expressing the Future in English
- •Entry test
- •1. Open the brackets. Use either the Present Continuous or Future Indefinite.
- •2. Translate using either the Present Continuous or Future Indefinite.
- •3.1.1. Underline will and (be) going to in these sentences:
- •3.1.2. Now use the sentences from the previous exercise to complete these conversations. Reproduce them.
- •3.1.3. Complete the gaps using will/(be) going to and the verb in brackets:
- •3.1.4. Match the situations with what is "going to" happen:
- •3.1.5. Open the brackets. Use either will or (be) going to.
- •3.1.6. Translate using either the Present Continuous or Future Indefinite.
- •3.1.7. Translate using either the Present Indefinite, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous, Future Indefinite or Future Continuous.
- •3.2. The Future Continuous – the Present Continuous.
- •3.3. The Future Perfect Continuous – the Future Perfect entry test
- •1. Open the brackets using either the Future Perfect Continuous or Future Perfect.
- •2. Translate using either the Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous.
- •3.3.1. Open the brackets. Use either the Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous.
- •3.3.2. Open the brackets. Use either the Future Indefinite or Future Continuous, Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous.
- •3.3.3. Complete the dialogue using the Future Indefinite, Future Continuous, Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous. Reproduce it.
- •3.3.4. Translate using either the Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous.
- •Review exercises Which alternative is correct?
- •1. In the following pairs of sentences, one sentence is right and one is wrong. Choose the right one.
- •2. Choose the correct alternative.
- •Present Indefinite or Continuous?
- •3. Choose the correct verb form.
- •Present indefinite or future indefinite?
- •4. Choose the correct verb form from those in brackets.
- •5. Choose the correct verb form.
- •Past indefinite or continuous?
- •6. Choose the correct verb form from those in brackets.
- •7. Choose the correct verb form.
- •8. Choose the correct alternative.
- •Past indefinite or present perfect?
- •9. Choose the correct verb form.
- •10. Choose the correct verb form from those in brackets.
- •Past indefinite or past perfect?
- •11. Choose the correct verb form from those in brackets.
- •12. Choose the correct verb form.
- •Past perfect or past continuous?
- •13. Choose the correct verb form.
- •Present perfect or present perfect continuous?
- •14. Choose the correct verb form.
- •For, since, while, during
- •15. Choose the word that best completes the sentence.
- •Present perfect or past perfect?
- •16. Choose the correct verb form.
- •Past perfect or past perfect continuous?
- •17. Choose the correct verb form.
- •Past indefinite, past continuous, past perfect or past perfect continuous?
- •18. Choose the correct verb form.
- •19. Choose the correct alternative.
- •Future continuous, future perfect
- •20. Choose the correct verb form.
- •21. Choose the correct verb form.
- •22. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense.
- •Moving House
- •At the Dentist's
- •Meeting Again
- •A Holiday in Scotland
- •24. Decide which answer a, b, c or d best fits each space.
- •The Latest News
- •The Stolen Bike
- •25. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense. A Friend in the Rain
- •26. Fill in the correct tense.
- •Progress test
- •1. Open the brackets putting the verbs into the appropriate form.
- •Unit 7 V o I c e Entry Test
- •1. Choose the correct variant:
- •2. Open the brackets. Use the proper tense and voice form.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •Total: 100/_____
- •§ 1 General information
- •1) The Rules of Changing from Active into Passive
- •2) Active Tenses and their Passive Equivalents Affirmative Form
- •Negative Form
- •Interrogative Form
- •3. Prepositions with Passive Verbs
- •1.1. Underline phrases which are not necessary in these sentences. Not all sentences contain unnecessary phrases
- •1.2. Read the following text and underline the passive constructions.
- •§ 2 The Indefinite Tenses in the Passive Voice
- •2.1. Open the brackets. Use the Present Indefinite Passive
- •Finding a Job
- •Delivery letters
- •2.2. (A) Transform from Active into Passive. (Omit the agent where it can be omitted)
- •2.3. Open the brackets. Use the Past Indefinite Passive to complete the following texts. Retell them.
- •The Greatest Explosion in the World
- •They were Surprised
- •2.4. Transform from Active into Passive where appropriate. (Omit the agent where possible.)
- •2.6. Open the brackets. Use the Future Indefinite Passive.
- •Interview for the Post
- •2.7. Rewrite and retell the following passage in the Passive
- •2.8. Open the brackets. Use either the Present or Future Indefinite Passive.
- •2.9. Translate into English. Use the Present, Past, Future Indefinite Passive.
- •§ 3 The Continuous Tenses in the Passive Voice
- •3.1. Open the brackets. Use the Present Continuous Passive.
- •3.2. Open the brackets. Use the Past Continuous Passive to show what was going on at a particular time in the past
- •3.3. Answer the following questions about Minsk. Use the passive Continuous forms:
- •3.4. Translate into English. Use either the Present or Past Continuous Passive.
- •§ 4 The Perfect Tenses in the Passive Voice
- •4.1. Open the brackets. Use the Present Perfect Passive to complete the letter:
- •4.2. Complete the following short dialogues. Use Present Perfect passive constructions in the positive or negative forms. (The suitable verbs are given in the box)
- •4.4. Open the brackets. Use the Past Perfect Passive
- •4.5. Make up sentences. Use the Future Perfect Passive to say what will have been done by the year 2015. (The following word-combinations may be useful).
- •4.6. Transform from Active into Passive. Use either the Past Indefinite Passive or Past Perfect Passive, Future Indefinite Passive or Future Perfect Passive:
- •4.7. Transform from Passive into Active. Use either the Past or Future Perfect. (When the agent is not known add words like people, somebody or someone):
- •4.8. Translate into English. Use the Present, Past or Future Perfect Passive Voice
- •§ 5 Special Passive Constructions.
- •Verbs with two Passive Constructions
- •5.1. (A) Change the structure of the following sentences so as to begin them with a person.
- •5.2. Translate into English. Use the Passive Voice where appropriate
- •§ 6 Personal and impersonal constructions
- •6.2. Complete the sentences, as in the example.
- •6.3. Transform the following sentences into the Passive as in the example.
- •§ 7 Passive Voice/Causative Form
- •7.1. Read the situations. Then write sentences using the causative form on each situation. The first one is done for you.
- •7.2. Kate Gilmore is a poor young actress. Lily Showbourne is a rich star. Kate does everything herself while Lily pays other people to have it done for her. Write what Lily says.
- •7.3. Complete the following conversation. Use the causative form. Reproduce it.
- •§ 8 Phrasal, Prepositional Verbs and
- •Prepositional Verbs
- •Phraseological Units
- •Phrasal Verbs
- •8.1. Transform from Active into Passive
- •8.2. Put a suitable preposition in each space
- •8.3. Translate into English. Use the Passive Voice where appropriate.
- •§9 Extracts for translation from russian into english
- •1. Translate into English. Mind the use of Tenses.
- •§ 10 Tense and voice in written texts
- •1. A Pretty Carpet
- •Key Structures:
- •2. The Greenwood Boys
- •Key Structures:
- •Comprehension questions:
- •3. Do You Speak English?
- •4. A New House
- •5. Not For Jazz
- •Key Structures:
- •6. Quick Work
- •Key Structures:
- •7. The Olympic Games
- •Key Structures:
- •8. Everything Except the Weather
- •Key Structures:
- •Comprehension questions:
- •9. A Clear Conscience
- •Key Structures:
- •Key Structures:
- •Review Exercises
- •1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive form.
- •2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive form.
- •3. (A) Laura is writing to a friend. This is a part of her letter.
- •4. Rewrite the following passages in the passive. Retell them.
- •5. Rewrite these sentences. Use have something done.
- •6. Open the brackets. Use the appropriate tense and voice form (Active or Passive).
- •7. Choose the correct verb form.
- •8. Choose the correct verb form from those in brackets.
- •9. Open the brackets. Use the appropriate tense and voice form (Active or Passive).
- •10. Open the brackets. Use the appropriate tense and voice form (Active or Passive). Retell the text. Animals on the roads
- •11. Translate from Russian into English. Use the passive voice where appropriate.
- •Oral Activity
- •Progress Test
- •1. Open the brackets. Use the appropriate tense and voice form.
- •2. Fill in by or with.
- •3. Transform from Active into Passive.
- •4. Rewrite the sentences. Use have something done.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •Entry Test
- •§ 1 Ways of expressing the present in english
- •1.1. The Present Indefinite – the Present Continuous Entry Test
- •1.3. The Present Prefect – the Present Perfect Continuous
- •§ 2 Ways of expressing the past in english
- •2.1. The Past Indefinite – the Past Continuous Entry Test
- •2.2. The Past Indefinite – the Present Perfect
- •2.3. The Past Indefinite – the Past Perfect
- •§ 3 Ways of expressing the future in english
- •3.3. The Future Perfect Continuous – the Future Perfect
- •Progress Test
- •Bibliography
- •Dictionaries
- •Contents
- •Практическая грамматика английского языка
- •Часть 2
- •220007, Г. Минск, ул. Московская, 17.
§ 1. The present perfect
1. F o r m a t i o n
The Present Perfect is formed with the auxiliary to have in the Present Indefinite + the Past Participle: I have just finished my work.
The Past Participle in regular verbs has exactly the same form as the Past Indefinite: loved, walked, etc.
The negative is formed by adding not to the auxiliary to have in the Present Indefinite + the Past Participle.
The interrogative is formed by inverting the auxiliary to have in the Present Indefinite and the subject+ the Past Participle.
|
Affirmative |
Negative | ||
|
I have just finished |
|
I have not finished |
|
|
(= I've just finished) |
|
(= I haven't finished) |
|
|
You have just finished |
school. |
You have not finished |
school. |
|
He/she/it has just finished |
|
He/she/it has not finished |
|
|
We have just finished |
|
We have not finished |
|
|
They have just finished |
|
They have not finished |
|
|
|
| ||
|
Interrogative |
Negative Interrogative | ||
|
Have I finished |
|
Have I not finished |
|
|
Have you finished |
|
(= Haven't I finished) |
|
|
Has he/she/it finished |
|
Have you not finished |
|
|
Have we finished |
school? |
Has he/she/it not finished |
school? |
|
Have they finished |
|
Have we not finished |
|
|
|
|
Have they not finished |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. U s a g e
The Present Perfect is used to indicate a completed action the result of which is felt at the moment of speech or an action, which began at a certain moment of the past time but is still going on now.
The Present Perfect is used to denote:
an accomplished action which is viewed from the moment of speaking as part of the present situation. Attention is centred on the action itself or on the result of the action: I've changed everything.
a
recent action when the time is not mentioned:
I
have read
the instructions but I don't understand them. an action which began in the past and is still continuing (with verbs which are not used in the Continuous form) or an action which began in the past and is finishing at the moment of speaking: I have known him since childhood. He has lived here all his life (he still lives here). It has been very cold lately but it is beginning to get a bit warmer.
opening up a conversation, introducing a new topic or summing up a situation: I'm afraid I've been terribly boring and talked too much.
news reporting; the use of this tense makes the event seem immediate and of direct reference to the present: The Prime Minister has announced that taxes are to increase from the beginning of next year.
an action in clauses of time and condition after the prepositions when, after, as soon as to indicate the completion of the action: I'll give you back your ring when I've found it.
The following words and time expressions can be used with the Present Perfect:
today/ this week/ month / year, etc. denoting an incomplete period of time: Have you seen him today? (= at any time today).
just, lately, recently, yet (in negative sentences and in interrogative sentences when it corresponds to the Russian word "уже"), already (in affirmative sentences; and in interrogative sentences to express surprise), ever, never, before, and in some cases always: He has just gone out. I have seen wolves in that forest lately. I haven't finished my work yet. Has he come back yet? You have already solved this problem. Have you read the book already?! I have never been to Italy. “What is the point?” “I have made it clear enough before.” We have always lived in this town.
for (used with the period of time), since (used with the beginning of the period of time): We have lived in London for 10 years / for a long time. She has been here since 8 o'clock/ since she left Moscow.
E X E R C I S E S
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