Относительные местоимения

Относительные местоимения who, whose, which, that вводят только придаточные определительные. Относительные местоимения отличают­ся от союзных тем, что они относятся не ко всему предложению, а только к определенным словам в главном предложении. Сравните:

Who can help me? (вопросительное)

I don't know who he is. (союзное)

Press the red button, which is on the right. (относительное)

Who/whom употребляется только с одушевленными существитель­ными, главным образом, обозначающими людей.

David whom I saw yesterday felt miserable.

Относительное местоимение which употребляется только с неодушев-ленными существительными, названиями животных, а также когда идет о всей ситуации, описанной в главном предложении.

The book which you gave me is very dull.

I will never meet him again, which is a pity.

Местоимения that может употребляться как по отношению к людям, так и по отношению к предметам и животным.

The woman that I love most of all is my mother.

The house that has just been built is very beautiful.

That, who или which могут опускаться, если они являются дополне ниями в придаточном предложении.

My brother was the only person I could talk.

That, who или which не могут опускаться, если они являются подле­жащими в придаточном предложении.

The person who told you this is my neighbour.

I met a girl who/that came here from Australia.

Упражнения

Personal Pronouns

Ex. 1. Identify whether the personal pronouns in italics are subject or object ones.

1. I want to go with them. 2. Can you find us a table near the window, please? 3. We sent her a letter. 4. It was him. 5. I’d like to show you that picture. 6. Pass it to me! 7. She’s taller than him. 8. I was given a present, I like it very much. 9. Mr. Brown has two sons. He plays football with them in his free time. 10. Hasn’t she arrived yet? 11. Are you talking to me? 12. Don’t ask her, she doesn’t know. Ask me. 13. Won’t you give me something else? 14. Help me, please. 15. I have a new car. I bought it last month. 16. He told them the truth. 17. She gave the letter to them. 18. It seems to me he is right. 19. He told David and me to go with him.

Ex. 2. Use personal pronouns instead of the nouns in italics.

Model: Jane asked her brother to open the window. – She asked him to open it.

1. Mother sent John to buy tickets.

2. The man gave the book to the girl.

3. My friend is going to write a letter to his sister today.

4. This book is not suitable for young children.

5. Helen worked hard at history.

6. Jim wanted to visit his grandparents.

7. Diana never drinks milk.

8. Give the money to these people.

9. The boy had an argument with his parents.

10. Kate loves John but John doesn’t love Kate.

11. Put the clothes in the box.

12. Please, buy the trousers to your daughter.

13. People asked Paul many questions about his holidays.

Ex. 3. Fill in the gaps with the correct subject or object pronoun.

1. A: Do your brothers play football?

B: Yes, … play …all the time. … think …’s a brilliant game.

2. A: Do you listen to rock music?

B: Yes, … listen to … all the time. … think …’s fantastic.

3. A: Does Susan eat chocolate?

B: Yes, … eats … all the time. …. says …’s her favourite food.

4. A: Do your parents know Mr. Jones?

B: Yes, … know … very well. … lives next door to … .

5. A: Does Claire like David?

B: No, … doesn’t like … very much. … says …’s too noisy.

6. A: Does Tony enjoy fishing?

B: Oh, yes. … enjoys … very much. … says … relaxes him.

Ex. 4. Use the personal pronouns in brackets in the correct form.

a)

1. Let (I) introduce myself.

2. Let (she) come a bit earlier.

3. Let (we) listen to what she says.

4. Let (he) read out the text aloud.

5. Let (I) do it for you.

6. Let (it) be so.

7. Let (they) go out.

8. Let (we) have a cup of tea.

9. Let (they) write down the words in pencil.

b)

1. Open the book and read (it, its) aloud.

2. These are difficult exercises. Do (it, them) at home.

3. Our teacher gives (us, they) a lot of homework.

4. Mary lives near David and Ann. She goes to work with (their, them) every day in (their, them) car.

5. Tom’s new teacher is Mr. Smith. Tom likes (him, her) a lot.

6. Your parcel has arrived. (It, its) was delivered this morning.

7. Why don’t you confide in your mother? I always confide in (she, her).

Ex. 5. Supply pronouns and underline the words they replace.

1. If you see Catherine, please give … my regards.

2. Do you see the frog? … is jumping right in front of us!

3. Thailand is quite unusual, … has never been ruled by another country.

4. Australia is one of the five continents, but … is much smaller than the other four.

5. I hear a child has been born to you. Is … a boy or a girl?

6. When Kinuli had become a big lioness, … had to be returned to the Zoo, as it was dangerous to keep …at home any longer.

7. You can take the horse to the water, but cannot make … drink.

8. Do you hear a baby crying? Something must have hurt … .

9. Do you like your car?’ – ‘Oh, … has never let me down yet.’

10. If you see a giraffe once a year it remains a spectacle, if you see … daily it becomes part of the scenery.

11. Poor old England! I don’t suppose I shall ever see … again.

12. I’ve invested in some electricity shares. – Why have you invested in …?

13. Who’s that? – It’s my mother. Would you like to meet …?

14. Who’s Jane Wilson? – …’s the woman who’s just started working for our company.

Ex. 6. Use either “I” or “me” in the following sentences.

1. Nick ate dinner with … .

2. … had dinner with Nick last night.

3. Rose and … had dinner with Nick last night.

4. Jane and … are good students, so our teacher likes us.

5. I was so delighted to see you. – … too.

6. I am from Minsk. – So am … .

7. She’s taller than …, but not as strong as … am.

8. I want to see my boyfriend but he doesn’t want to see … .

9. John, Paul, Phillip, and … – all of us want to go.

10. We all wanted to go – John, Paul, Phillip, and … .

11. Can the four of us – John, Paul, Phillip, and … – go with him?

12. Whom will he select: John, Paul, Phillip, or …?

13. Who will be selected: John, Paul, Phillip, or …?

14. It is up to us – John, Paul, Phillip, and … to make the decision.

15. The winners may be these: John, Paul, Phillip, and … .

Ex. 7. Translate into English.

1. Я принес вам важные новости. 2. Когда я впервые увидел его, он был еще совсем молодым. 3. Куда вы положили деньги? – Они в кошельке, на полке. 4. Вы помните её? Какая это была веселая девушка! 5. Я получил информацию, которую вы мне отправили. Она очень интересная, но не полная. 6. На столе было много фруктов; они были разложены в вазы. 7. Кто там? – Откройте, это я. 8. Передайте ей, пожалуйста, эту записку. 9. Подожди меня, я скоро вернусь. 10. Анна и я просто хорошие друзья. 11. Ты и твои друзья можете приходить к нам в любое время. 12. Он разговаривал со мной и моим отцом. 13. Он говорит по-французски так же свободно как и я. 14. Я хорошо помню его и его сестру. Они были у нас в прошлом году. 15. Мы предложили им чашку чая, но они отказались. 16. Покажите им достопримечательности города, им это понравится. 17. Нам принесли свежие газеты. Они содержат интересную информацию о выборах. 18. Я представлю его вам. 19. Он сделал ей предложение, и вскоре они поженились.

Ex. 8. Read and retell the text paying attention to the use of personal pronouns.

The Kind Duck and the Poor Frog

One beautiful summer’s day, a duck decided to go to the river for a picnic. She took a lot of food with her, and was really looking forward to eating it. She sat down on the river bank and spread the food out in front of her.

‘You’re not going to eat all that food yourself, are you?’ said a small voice.

She looked up and saw a frog sitting at the water’s edge.

‘Please give me some of it. I am very poor and very hungry,’ pleaded the frog, wiping a tear from his eye.

She gave him a sandwich. To her surprise he did not eat it, but simply put it on the ground beside him.

‘Won’t you give me something else? After all, my need is greater than yours.’

Bit by bit, the kind-hearted duck handed over most of her food: cakes and biscuits, apples and sweets. Soon, the frog had a huge pile of food next to him. With an effort he picked it all up, put it on his back, and started to swim away across the river. But the food was too heavy that he sank like a stone, and the duck never saw him again.

Moral: When it is really hard to say ‘no’, say ‘no’.

Possessive Pronouns

Ex. 1. Make a correct choice of a possessive pronoun.

1. I have many relatives in our/my native town.

2. They have got two children but I don’t remember its/their names.

3. Mrs. Smith is one of our/us best teachers.

4. You/your ticket is on the table and where is hers/her ticket?

5. Haven’t you met your/you neighbours yet?

6. What a beautiful baby girl! What’s her/its name?

7. I had written a letter to my/me friend, but got no answer

8. I can do it without you/your help but not without they/their advice.

9. What’s wrong with Rosie? She has been having problems with her/his back recently?

Ex. 2. Complete the sentences using the absolute form of the pronoun.

1. The house belongs to me, it’s … .

2. The house belongs to my father, it’s … .

3. The house belongs to her, it’s … .

4. The house belongs to Mr. and Mrs. Smith, it’s … .

5. The house belongs to my mother, it’s … .

6. The house belongs to him, it’s … .

7. The house belongs to you, it’s … .

8. The house belongs to us, it’s … .

9. The house belongs to them, it’s … .

Ex. 3. Choose the correct pronoun in each sentence.

1. Jane met a friend of her/hers in the street.

2. Helen does all herself/her own decorating.

3. Are these scissors your/yours?

4. The desk next to the window is my/mine.

5. Paul and Alice introduced me to the neighbours of their/theirs.

6. Excuse me, is this your/yours seat?

7. David asks if you have seen that old coat of his/him.

8. Peter has borrowed my/mine bike.

9. We haven’t brought our/ours books with us.

10. The dog is black and white, and its/it’s ears are very long.

Ex. 4. Use the correct form of a possessive pronoun in brackets.

1. This is (I) bag but that one over there is (you). 2. (She) score was better than (I). 3. (They) holiday starts the week after (we). 4. Can we have (you) suggestion first and then we’ll hear (he)? 5. I didn’t bother going to (he) party and he won’t be coming to (I). 6. (We) flight was delayed but (they) took off on time. 7. I wish (I) voice was as good as (she). 8. Unfortunately, (they) team played better than (we) so we lost the match. 9. If you are a friend of (he), then you’re a friend of (I) too. 10. We’ll leave (she) house after dinner, so we should be at (you) place before 10.00. 11. Whose camera is this? Is it (you)? 12. Excuse me, what seats are (we) 13. Is it (you) suitcase or (he)? 14. Has the dog (it) food? 15. They’re not (I) keys – they’re (she). 16. I don’t think it’s (you) room; it’s (they). 17. Have you got (you) pen, or would you like to borrow (I)? 18. (They) garden is bigger than (we). 19. I think this is (I) book. – Oh, no, it’s (she). 19. The decision is (they). 20. The pleasure was all (my). 21. It isn’t (he) car. It’s … (we). 22. (They) flat and (we) flat seem to be the same, but actually (it) is different from (we).

Ex. 5. Fill in “its” or “it’s”.

1. The car is nice to drive, but I don’t like … colour. 2. This town is wonderful. … has lots of shops! 3. I’m staying at home today because … cold outside. 4. Let’s go in here. … my favourite restaurant. 5. A bird has built … nest in our garden. 6. The company I work for has changed … name. 7. Look at this chair. … legs are broken. 8. The dog is black and white, but … ears are very long. 9. What’s the weather like today? – … bright and sunny. 10. … 5⁰ bellow zero today. 11. … believed that he is in the army now. 12. Modern London is not one city. … a number of cities, towns and villages every with … own charm. 13. This book is very interesting but some of … pages are torn. 14. … an oak. … leaves have fallen down. 15. Minsk is the capital of Belarus. … situated on both sides of the river Svisloch. 16. … reported that the President will arrive soon.

Ex. 6. Complete these sentences in one or two ways.

Model: I’d love to have a room of my own/my own room.

1. Frank has started a business…

2. The children have rooms…

3. John doesn’t live with his parents any more. He’s got a flat…

4. Our dog has a kennel…

5. She doesn’t travel by bus any more because she’s got … car.

6. I don’t need to borrow your umbrella. I’ve got one…

7. Haven’t you got … pen? You’re always borrowing mine.

8. I don’t watch TV with the rest of my family. I have … in my bedroom.

9. My job includes doing research in … time.

10. Sam is tired of using his friend’s computer, so he is going to buy one…

11. The couple moved into … house after they got married.

12. Don’t let the dog sleep on your bed. It’s got a bed…

Ex. 7. Rewrite these sentences using phrases with “of” and making all necessary changes.

Model: Your brother is always in trouble. That brother of yours is always in trouble.

1. He’s not my friend. He’s not … .

2. Now tell me about your problem. Now tell me about … .

3. We’ve known him for years. He’s our friend. He’s … .

4. Her loud music drives me crazy! That … .

5. Yesterday I met one of my distant relatives. He is … .

6. My sister’s friend phoned from New York. A … .

7. Their neighbours have been complaining again. Those … .

8. Your radio keeps us all awake! That … .

9. Susan is in love with one of her groupmate but that … doesn’t love her.

Ex. 8. Choose between “my” or “the”.

1. He hit me in … eye.

2. Something has got into … eye.

3. You don’t have to pull me by … collar.

4. It’s nice to see you. How’s … family?

5. What’s wrong? – I’ve hurt … arm.

6. … collar is too tight. I can’t bear it.

7. … hair is getting too long. I must get it cut.

8. She looked at me in … face and said, ‘No’.

9. What’s worse than a pain in … back?

10. The house is quiet with … children away.

11. A dog bit him on … leg.

12. I banged … head on the cupboard door.

13. I put … arm around Jane’s shoulder.

14. Don’t put … feet on the table!

Ex. 9. Supply personal pronouns where necessary.

Real Personal Service

On our last visit to London my wife and I stayed at the Magna Hotel. The Magna used to be a favourite hotel of …, but we hadn’t stayed there for over sixteen years. The hotel is famous for … service and we weren’t disappointed. ‘The porter will show you to … room,’ the Receptionist said with a smile and we were shown to a room on the first floor. ‘This is … favourite room,’ I exclaimed. ‘I know, sir,’ the porter said. ‘… is the room with a view, isn’t it?’ ‘That’s right,’ I said. ‘You like milk in ….tea in the morning and madam prefers lemon in …’. ‘That’s right,’ my wife said. She pulled me by … sleeve with pleasure when the porter had gone. ‘Aren’t they amazing! They remember … preferences after all these years. This is real personal service!’ The next morning at breakfast, we were given raspberry jam with … toast instead of orange marmalade. ‘Isn’t there any marmalade?’ I asked the waiter. ‘We never eat raspberry jam in the morning.’ ‘Sorry sir,’ the waiter said. ‘You ordered some for breakfast on … last visit and it’s been in the computer memory ever since!’

Ex. 10. Translate into English, paying attention to the italicized words.

1. Машина Мистера Брауна в гараже, а наша напротив дома. 2. Вчера они взяли наши журналы и оставили нам свои. 3. Этот чемодан не мой, а их. 4. Её родители живут в центре города, а его – на окраине. 5. Я знаю ваш адрес, но я не знаю их адрес. 6. Это моё мнение, я вижу, оно отличается от твоего. 7. Это ваша записная книжка, а это его, но где же моя? 8. Она протянула (put out) руку и взяла мою. 9. Он, должно быть, перепутал ключи и взял ключ соседа вместо своего. 10. После всего, что произошло, мы не смогли верить ни одному её слову. 11. Твой билет на столе, а её билет – в сумке. 12. Результаты показали, что наш план был более правильным, чем их. 13. Самое лучшее предложение – ваше. 14. Построена новая дорога; её длина более тысячи километров. 15. Его мама сейчас в деревне, а моя – в городе. 16. Я предпочитаю Крым Кавказу из-за его более сухого климата. 17. Этот автомобиль очень небольшой, но мотор у него относительно мощный. 18. Где твоя фотография? – Она в альбоме.

Reflexive Pronouns

Ex. 1. Comment on the use of the reflexive pronouns. Translate the sentences.

I bought myself a new car. Look at yourself in the mirror. He doesn’t take care of himself. She blames herself for the accident. He used to live by himself. Every person has a history of his own.

A cat licks itself with his tongue. We enjoyed ourselves at the theatre. Help yourselves to some food. Babies can’t feed themselves. One can easily lose oneself in a big city. Behave yourself.

Ex. 2. Supply the correct reflexive pronouns in the following sentences.

1. May I introduce …?

2. I see you’ve cut … again. Won’t you ever learn how to shave?

3. The dog enjoed … with children.

4. Everything has arranged … admirably.

5. We amused … playing football on the beach.

6. Come in, you two, and warm …, you’ve got frozen.

7. If you try to do both jobs, you’ll wear … out.

8. He made a mistake, then he corrected … .

9. I want you all to have a good time. Enjoy … .

10. I’m not very good at saying what I mean. I’d like to express … better.

11. ‘One prides … on one’s patience,’ the boss said, in his usual pompous manner.

12. Be careful, this pan is very hot. Don’t burn … .

13. What I did was wrong. I am ashamed of ….

14. “Can I take another cup of coffee?” – “Of course, help … !”

15. I gave them a key to our house so they could let … in.

16. If somebody attacks you, you will have to defend … .

Ex. 3. Complete these sentences. Use “myself”/”yourself” etc. only where necessary. Use one of these verbs in the correct form:

concentrate defend dry feel meet relax wash bathe behaved shave

1. I wasn’t very well yesterday but I … much better today. 2. She climbed out of the swimming pool and … with a towel. 3. I tried to study but I couldn’t … . 4. If somebody attacks you, you need to be able to … . 5. I’m going out with Chris this evening. We’re … at the station at 19.30. 6. You’re always rushing around. Why don’t you sit down and … ? 7. There was no water so we couldn’t … 8. The children really … well all evening. 9. I am going out with Brian this evening. We are … at 7 p.m. 10. Jack is growing a beard because he doesn’t like to … . 11. I really … well today – much better than yesterday. 12. Jack and I first … at a party five years ago.

Ex. 4. Complete these sentences, using reflexive/emphatic pronouns.

Model: If you want a job done well, do it … .

If you want a job done well, do it yourself.

1. Sue says John broke the vase, but really she did it … . 2. The chairman of the meeting announced the news … . 3. I never do anything until I have checked everything … . 4. There can be no doubt that Shakespeare … wrote this play. 5. She has no reason to blame … for what has happened. 6. – Did Liza have her hair cut by a hairdresser? – No. she cut it … . 7. – Do you want me to post that letter for you? – No. I’ll do it … . 8. I never have time for … . 9. Try to like … . 10. Did you wake up …? 11. He is very selfish. He thinks only of … . 12. It’s my decision. I have made it … . 13. If you want to do a job right do it … . 14. The kitten tried to bite me but bit … by mistake. 15. The villagers built the houses … . 16. Would you mind keeping your opinion to … . 17. Sam is self-emplyed. He doesn’t have a boss. He works for … .

Ex. 5. Say that people do something themselves. Use the emphatic pronouns.

Model: to build the boat. – Who build this boat? – The sailors did it themselves.

1. To repair the bicycle for you. 2. To tell that Kate was getting married. 3. To buy a cake for your birthday. 4. To make a dress for Linda. 5. To make the salad for the party. 6. To cook Mr. and Mrs. Green’s apartment.

7. To paint this picture. 8. To dress little Gimmy. 9. To feed the dog. 10. To shave George. 11. To fix the computer. 12. To repair the shoes.

Ex. 6. Express surprise.

Model: to do washing up for Jane → I did washing up for Jane.

Didn’t she do it herself?

1. To pay Ann’s attention to this fact. 2. To write an assay for Sandra. 3. To compose a poem for the students. 4. To compose a poem for Anthony. 5 To correct mistake for them. 6. To water flowers for the neighbors .

7. To make jam for you. 8. To clean windows for my mother. 9. To grow flowers for your pupils. 10. To phone John. 11. To take care of your grandparents. 12. To serve the table for you.

Ex. 7. Change the sentences using “by myself”/”yourself”.

Model: David lives in his house alone. – David lives in the house by himself.

1. Susan went on holiday alone.

2. You can’t expect them to do everything on their own.

3. I knew I couldn’t have lifted this suitcase on my own.

4. I hate living on my own.

5. I decided to go to the cinema alone.

6. If my friends can’t help me, I’ll have to do it on my own.

7. I think she hasn’t got any friends. When I see her she is always on her own.

8. Do you like working with other people or do you prefer working alone?

9. Next year we’ll all live separately.

Ex. 8. Complete these sentences using “by myself”/ “on my own”.

1. Learner-drivers are not allowed to drive on ….

2. She hated being in the house on … . She was afraid to be alone.

3. The box was too heavy for me to lift by … .

4. You can’t expect them to do everything by … .

5. Very young children should not be allowed to go swimming by … .

6. Mothers shouldn’t leave children in the house on … .

7. I made that mistake on … .

8. Do you like working with other people or do you prefer working by … ?

9. If the rest of you can’t help we’ll have to do it on … .

Ex. 9. Fill in “of one’s own”, “on one’s own”, or “one’s own” in the correct form.

Model: Can you help me with these suitcases? I can’t lift them on my own.

1. He always does what other people tell him. He hasn’t got a mind … .

2. Why do you always drink my milk? Don’t you get any … ?

3. They need a place … since they have two small children and her parents’ house is very small.

4. Is this all … work, or did someone help you?

5. The country has had … government since it became independent.

6. She’s very independent, she likes having … place.

7. Exactly how long have they been running … business?

8. You are expected to do a lot of work in … time.

9. As a DJ, he plays a lot of different styles of music but … taste is for good old rock n’ roll.

10. What I’ve always wanted is to run a restaurant … .

Ex. 10. Replace the words in bold type by expressions with reflexive pronouns.

Model: I spoke to the manager, not somebody else.

I spoke to the manager himself.

1. I saw it with my own eyes.

2. You needn’t come in person.

3. He left us alone.

4. She lives on her own.

5. Did you study English without a teacher?

6. The girl apologized for her behaviour.

7. We were quite alone in the room.

8. Take the cake, please.

9. They divided the work between each other.

10. It is your own fault.

Ex. 11. Complete the sentences by reflexive, emphatic or personal pronouns.

1. Take some money with … if you need it. 2. The parents took the child to the theatre with … . 3. He put the food before … and prepared to have a snack. 4. I’m not angry with you. I’m angry with … . 5. Susan is self-employed. She works for … . 6. She is quite capable, she can do it … . 7. Put … in my position and you will not blame … . 8. He brought some flowers for … . 9. He noticed that there was someone standing between … and the door. 10 He was in a still worse position than we …. 11. You can trust him. He is honesty…. . 12. And then they left me to …. .13. Stephan knows how to take care of …. 14. Have you got any money on … ? 15. Come and sit beside … . 16. Strictly between … and …, she’s wrong. 17. She’s very certain of … . 18. There’s a big truck in front of … . 19. Granddad doesn’t like living by … . 20. Jimmy tied his shoelaces all by … .

Ex. 12. Translate into English using reflexive pronouns.

1. Денис встал, умылся и оделся. 2. Он тщательно побрился, почистил зубы, причесал волосы. 3. Утром он проснулся сам. 4. Ребенок уже достаточно большой, чтобы одеваться самому. 5. Иди и умойся. 6. Он чувствовал раздражение и никак не мог расслабиться и сконцентрироваться. 7. Они уже были в отпуске, который им очень понравился. 8. Мэри налила себе чашку чая. 9. Михаил купил себе новые часы. 10. Вам придется сделать эту работу самому, никто не поможет. 11. Дети вели себя прекрасно. Они играли и смотрели мультфильмы. 12. Студент был вне себя от радости. 13. Он увидел это сам. 14. Она живет одна. 15. Вы поставите себя в очень неловкое положение, если расскажете об этом. 16. Он на себя не похож (look) сегодня. 17. Будьте осторожны, вы можете ушибиться. 18. Он был совершенно один в комнате.19. Мы представились, как корреспонденты вечерней газеты. 20. Вы сделали это совершенно самостоятельно? 21. Возьмите себя в руки. 22. Когда мы приехали, сам губернатор встретил нас в аэропорту. 23. Через несколько минут он снова был самим собой. 24. Девушка шла, тихо напевая про себя. 25. Ведите себя как следует. 26. Они слишком много о себе думают. 27. Вы можете разделить это между собой. 28. Я очень горжусь собой: я все-таки нашел выход из этой трудной ситуации. 29. Вам не надо приходить самому, можете прислать секретаря. 30. Я не знала об этом сама до воскресенья. 31. Необходимо верить в себя. 32. Когда они были в кухне, Джон порезался острым ножом, а Лена обожглась, когда готовила чай. 33. Я услышал это от человека, который сам там присутствовал. 34. Иди и убедись сам. 35. Если хочешь, чтобы что-то было сделано хорошо, сделай это сам.

Reciprocal Pronouns

Ex. 1. State which of the pronouns are not reciprocal.

1. They loved each other and were going to get married soon. 2. The guests looked at one another in surprise. 3. These books are complimentary to one another. 4. Although they lived in the same street they rarely saw each other. 5. We couldn’t hear each other’s words for the wind. 6. He smoked one cigarette after another. 7. The newcomer shook hands with the host and nodded to every other in the room. 8. Soames and June were seen to touch each other’s hands and look into each other’s eyes.

Ex. 2. Use the correct reciprocal pronoun: “each other” or “one another”.

1. Susan and David looked at … and smiled. 2. How long have you and Bill known … . 3. I need you and you need me. We need … . 4. I met Sally yesterday. We bumped into … on the train. 5. They are twins and they hate to part from … . 6. We have been friends since childhood. We can rely on … . 7. They haven’t seen … for ages and have forgotten … names. 8. Both of them looked at … and smiled. 9. They like … and never quarrel. 10. The two cars have just crushed into … . 11. The two young people embraced … . It was the first time they have touched … . 12. Many countries compete with … . 13. James and Jane were at the party. – Didn’t they recognize … ? 14. The students can never agree. They argue with … about everything. 15. The children won’t play peacefully together. They always fight with … . 16. The neighbours bitterly disliked … . 17. It is not pleasant to watch people who are arguing against … . 18. Intelligent people should cooperate with … . 19. The delegates speak different languages and don’t understand … . 20. The participants of the conference exchanged addresses with … . 21. Let’s help …

Ex. 3. Express surprise using “each other”.

Model: James and Philip, to be at the party. – James and Phillip were at the party. – Didn’t they recognize each other?

1. Alice, to meet John at the park, not to talk.

2. Elsa, to come to see Richard, to tell the truth.

3. Caroline and Mary, to do the translation, to help.

4. Mary Angela and Dick, to go to the party, to have fun.

5. Alex and Barbara, to go for a walk, to play badminton.

6. Helen, to go to the station to meet Maggie, to find.

7. Charlie, to talk to Fred, to understand.

8. Elizabeth and Andrew, to speak on the phone, to hear.

9. Natalie and Martin, to be friends, to love.

10. John and Emily, to go to the South, to see.

Ex. 4. Choose a reflexive pronoun or a reciprocal pronoun to complete the statements.

1. An egoistical person loves himself/herself. 2. Good friends protect … . 3. Close friends tell … their secrets. 4. A self-confident person believes in … . 5. In a good relationship, the two people trust … . 6. A realistic person doesn’t lie to … . 7. Independent people take care of … . 8. Caring people help … . 9. Angry people say things to hurt … . 10. Young children can’t always control … . 11. An insecure person doesn’t have confidence in … . 12. Divorced people can be friends if they forgive … . 13. Parents never think of … . They take care of their children. 14. They kissed … in greeting. 15. Both speakers spoke at the same time. They never seem to listen to … . 16. There were three ladies sitting close to … . They looked at …’s hands. 17. We talk to … as often as possible. 18. How long have you and Bill known …? 19. In Britain friends often give ….presents at Christmas. 20. Some people are very selfish. They only think of … . 21. Nora and I don’t see … very often these days. 22. They’ve had an argument. They are not speaking to … at the moment. 23. We’d never met before, so we introduced … to … . 24. She told her guests to help … to food and drink.

Ex. 5. Fill in “each other” or an appropriate emphatic pronoun.

1. Lucy and Frank do not like each other at all. They’re always arguing.

2. The police carried guns to protect … in case they were shot it.

3. The boys told their mother that they’d clean up their room … .

4. They talk to … on the phone at least once a week.

5. They waved to … as the train pulled out of the station.

6. Bob and Terry are always arguing with … .

7. To save money we decorated the house … .

8. The boys were told off for being so rude to … .

9. You look dreadful! You should look after … a little better.

10. The two children shared the bag of sweets with … .

11. After her bad dream the girl didn’t want to sleep by … .

Ex. 6. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Он и его друзья смотрят на себя в зеркало. 2. Он и его друзья смотрят друг на друга. 3. Он и его друзья разговаривают друг с другом. 4. Твой друг разговаривает сам с собой. 5. Твой друг обвиняет себя в случившемся. 6. Они обвиняют друг друга в случившемся. 7. Он представился своему партнеру. 8. Мой партнер и я представились группе бизнесменов. 9. Они не могли войти в дом, так как дверь захлопнулась. Фактически они захлопнули друг друга. 10. Мы не видели друг друга со дня нашей ссоры. 11. Они учили друг друга основам математики, но безуспешно. 12. Родственники с трудом узнали друг друга после долгой разлуки. 13. Мэри и Петр любят друг друга и собираются пожениться. 14. Не обвиняйте друг друга, никто не виноват в этом. 15. Мери и Алекс живут рядом друг с другом. 16. Они обняли друг друга. 17. Они говорят на разных языках и не понимают друг друга.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Ex. 1. Fill in the gaps with “this”, “that”, “these” or “those”.

1. How is … man over there?. 2. What are you doing … afternoon? 3. I’m really busy … days. 4. Hello? … is Emily. Can I speak to Joan? 5. In … days, people didn’t have cars. 6. Jim got married last week. – …’s wonderful. 7. Hi, Fred! …is my sister Sue. – Pleased to meet you, Sue. 8. I won the competition! – …’s great! 9. Can you see … aeroplane in the sky? It’s a Boeing. 10. My friend is getting married … year on Valentine’s Day. 11. … are my new shoes. Do you like them? 12. Can you pass me … book on the shelf behind you please? 13. Grandad, do you remember 1945? – Yes, … was the end of the war and after the war I married your grandmother. 14. … people over there must be waiting for the train. 15. … jeans are so tight I can hardly move. – Why don’t you buy some bigger ones? 17. Are … children over there Mrs. Brown’s? – Yes. They’re very well-behaved, aren’t they? 19. We are moving to a bigger house. – Really? …’s fantastic! 21. … boots hurt my feet. – Maybe you should get another pair. 22. We lost the match and … set us back. 23. I was robbed. –When did … happen? 24. £50? It costs more than …! 25. The fish I caught was … big.

Ex. 2. Insert “this”, “that”, “these”, “those” or “it”.

a)

1. Bob, … is my mother.

2. Take … bags into the kitchen.

3. I don’t like … music.

4. Is … book John’s? – Yes, … is.

5. Are … books Mary’s? – Yes, … are.

6. How much are … glasses? – …’re cheap.

7. Is … exercise easy. – No … isn’t. …’s difficult!

8. Is … house Ann’s? – Yes, … is.

9. Are … boys your brothers? – Yes, … are.

10. How much is hi-fi? – ….’s $ 350.

11. What is this? – … is a computer.

b)

1. All … is very interesting. 2. … will do, don’t read any more. 3. None of … present expressed any surprise on hearing … . 4. Try one of … apples. 5. … are the TV sets of the latest type. 6. Suddenly I felt something soft and warm on my knees. … was a cat. 7. Who were you talking with? – … was a friend of mine. 8. Is … your brother over there? 9. Look at … beautiful flowers! 10. What’s … in your bag? 11. … is cooking oil, I always buy … one. 12. What do you want me to do with …? 13. He was one of … men whom women all like. 14. Do you see … bushes on the other side of the river? 15. Let us leave … subject. 16. He continued to go to … café when he had stayed at the hotel. 17. I trust you but there are … who wouldn’t. 18. … is what I want you to do. 19. … is life. 20. I have divided the books into two piles. … are to be kept. … are to be sold. 21. Our house was next to … of June’s. 22. … are Browns. 23. Are … the jeans you bought yesterday? 24. Do you like … earings?

Ex. 3. Substitute “that” or “those” for the repeated noun.

Model: There are no richer art museums in this country than the museums of St. Petersburg.

There are no richer art museums in this country than those of St. Petersburg.

1. The picture painted by Rembrandt can’t be compared to the pictures painted by Rubens.

2. The language in this textbook is easier than the language of the original novels.

3. The invisible riches lying in the Urals may be still greater than the riches discovered.

4. The stories written by O’Henry are as full of life as the stories written by Mark Twain.

5. Natural sugar is of higher quality than the sugar produced artificially.

6. The trees in our garden are taller than the trees in the park.

7. His eyes were melancholy as the eyes of a monkey.

8. The climate in Moscow is better than the climate in St. Peterburg.

Ex. 4. Ask for precise information using “this”, “these”, “that”, “those” and “one” or “ones”.

Model: Dan, to want, a piece of cheese cake, large. – Dan wants that piece of cheese cake. – Do you mean the large one?

1. Alla, to want, a photo, small.

2. Andrew, to want, a cup of tea, large.

3. Jack, to need, ties, grey.

4. Barbara, to want, a cup of tea, large.

5. Oliver, to need exercise books, thick.

6. Alice, to need, boxes, yellow.

7. James, to want, a toy, small.

8. Robert, to want, a cup of coffee, black.

9. Betty, to need, stamps, old.

10. Grace, to want, apples, red.

11. Phil, to need, a map, old.

Ex. 5. Translate the sentences into English using a proper demonstrative pronoun.

1. Кто этот человек? – Я не знаю его. 2. Кто это сказал? – Наш учитель. 3. Передай мне, пожалуйста, ту книгу со стола. 4. Делай это так (таким образом). 5. Ты живешь в этой гостинице? 6. Это нелегкий вопрос. Надо подумать. 7. Эти ручки мои, а те – твои. 8. Это мне нравится. Я всегда любил джазовую музыку. 9. Я уже перевел эти тексты, но те два еще остались. 10. Мне нравится это платье. – А мне больше нравится то. – Давай еще те посмотрим. 11. Это такая интересная книга. 12. Эти молодые люди имеют одинаковое мнение по данному вопросу. 13. Мне не нравится эта кампания. 14. Посмотрите на этих симпатичных девушек. 15. Что это? – Это фотография моей сестры. 16. Это была Аня на телефоне? 17. Это мои дети – Катя и Оля. 18. Это была интересная идея, нам она понравилась сразу же. 19. Я родилась в этом доме на берегу реки. 20. Я помню ту весну 1975. Она была очень жаркой.

Indefinite Pronouns

Ex. 1. Match the sentences on the left with the meanings on the right.

It took some minutes to see what had gone wrong. There were some 500 people at the meeting. There must be some person who knows the answer. You’re some help, I must say! Albert isn’t just any hairdresser, you know. Any coat will do. It needn’t be a raincoat. Monica’s really some actress.

it doesn’t matter which an extraordinary an ordinary not much about several an unknown

Ex. 2. Supply “some”, “any” or “a/an” if possible.

1. After dinner we drank … juice. 2. I’d like to buy … new clothes but I don’t have … money. 3. I bought … fruit but they didn’t have … vegetables. 4. I don’t have … money in my pocket, but I have … money in the bank. 5. I bought … books from the library. 6. … of his early novels impressed me greatly. 7. There are … vacant rooms in this hotel. 8. When would you like to come? – … day would suit me. 9. There are never … taxis when you want one. 10. …child can learn to read and write. 11. You can buy this novel at … bookshop. 12. I remember meeting you … years ago. 13. Sorry, but I don’t have … time today. 14. I’d like … water, please. 15. Is there … milk in the bottle? 16. Are there … books on the desk? 17. Would like … beer, please? 18. I can’t come out tonight. I have … homework to do. 19. My friends bought me … coffee maker for my birthday.

Ex. 3. Complete the sentences with “some”, “any” or their derivatives.

1. What sort of job are you looking for? – It doesn’t matter. ... will do. 2. … got up and said … but he spoke so silently that we could hardly hear … . 3. Is there … here who speaks Italian? 4. … tells me you’ve got …bad news for me. 5. You are looking very miserable. Has … upset you? 6. Is there … living in that house? It looks deserted. 7. Can … change me a pound? I want to make a telephone call. 8. I don’t understand … about computers. 9. I am bored. I want to go … tonight. 10. I wasn’t feeling hungry, so I didn’t eat … 11. I am going out now. If … phones while I am out, can you tell that I’ll be back soon. 12. I looked out of the window but I couldn’t see … . 13. Is there … on the desk? – No, there is … on it. 14. Is there … in the freezer? 15. The situation is uncertain. … could happen. 16. I looked out of the window but I couldn’t see … . 17. This was a small town, where … could tell you … about … . 18. Midas was a king in Greek mythology. … he touched to turned to gold. 19. Does … want a game of tennis? 20. What’s that noise? Can you hear … screaming? 21. I’m going to the shops. Do you want … ? 22. You look familiar. Haven’t I seen you … before? 23. She left the room without saying … . 24. Is there … we can talk to in private? 25. This doesn’t look a very nice restaurant. Can’t we go … else? 26. … in our country has the right to work and rest.

Ex. 4. Supply “much” or “many” in these sentences.

1. … depends on the results of the experiment.

2. Don’t be discouraged! … have failed to run the marathon.

3. You can have as … of this material as you like.

4. Take as … of these files as you want.

5. He has lived here for … years of his life.

6. Not … happens around here when the tourists leave.

7. Not … doctors are prepared to visit patients in their own homes.

8. … work had been done before the peace treaty was signed.

9. … people have mobile phones these days.

10. There is … violence on television today.

11. … women and children died of starvation during the war.

12. We took … food and drink on our walk through the hills.

13. … time was wasted in the planning stage of the project.

14. After the operation, she’ll need … rest.

15. Did you get any presents for your birthday? – Yes, but not … .

16. How much did your dress cost? – Not … .

Ex. 5. Fill in the gaps with “too much” or “too many”.

1. A: If you eat … … chocolate, you’ll get fat.

B: Then I’ll only eat a little bit!

2. A: You bought … … oranges at the market yesterday.

B: Never mind, we can use some for juice.

3. A: Don’t spend … … money tonight.

B: I won’t. I want to save some for another day.

4. A: There are … … flowers in that vase.

B: I know, but I couldn’t find another one.

5. A: All the students failed the exam.

B: I know … … of the questions were difficult.

6. A: How did you spoil the soup?

B: I put … … salt in it.

7. A: I don’t like this coffee.

B: Why not?

A: There’s … … sugar in it.

Ex. 6. Fill in “few”, “a few”, “little” or “a little”, “fewer” or “less”.

1. Shall I make … cakes for tea on Sunday? 2. I hope there are … people I know at the party. 3. Could I have … milk in my cup, please? 4. The train drivers are on strike. Very … people came to work. 5. I hope you’ve almost finished. There is very … time left. 6. It’s cold. That’s why there are very … children in the park today. 7. Do you need … more days to think about my proposal? 8. We must go shopping. There’s very … food in the fridge. 9. I’m bored. There’s very … to do on Wednesday evenings. 10. I’m sorry. I’ll be … late. We’re having … problems at work. 11. The … you pay the … services you get. 12. We’ve had … complaints this year. 13. I’ve had … lessons than you. 14. New cars need … servicing than old ones. 15. People have … money to spend this year. 16. Sue’s got … homework than Tom.

Ex. 7. Fill in: “a few”, “a lot of”, “many”, “a small amount of”, “a little”, “plenty of” or “a large number of”, “several”, “a great deal of”, “all”.

Last winter’s flood was so destructive that news reporters were calling it “the flood of the century”. Several people were killed and … … were left homeless. … … damage occurred in one area because a local dam burst. The dam had cracked in … … places and was being repaired. Engineers knew that if the dam burst, … … the houses in the area would be flooded with water, so … … the inhabitants were moved out beforehand. Still, there remained … … people who refused to leave. … … those people died. Those who survived had … … help later, when hundreds of volunteers from neighbouring villages came to their rescue with boats and life rafts. The tragedy is that … … more attention to maintenance rules would have prevented the dam from cracking in the first place.

Ex. 8. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. One never knows what may happen.

2. One never knows what one can do.

3. One must obey the traffic rules.

4. One should keep this information in mind.

5. One has to rely on oneself in everything.

6. One must keep one’s word.

7. One must always do one’s duty.

1. One must know this.

2. One should be careful crossing the streets.

3. One who cures people is called a doctor.

Ex. 9. Supply “one” or “ones” to substitute the noun. Remember that we use “one” instead of a singular noun (an old map – an old one); we use “ones” instead of a plural noun (the old maps – the old ones).

Model: Which gloves would you like to see? – The ones in the window.

1. Which shoes fit you best? – The large … .

2. Which pullover do you prefer? – The red … .

3. Which jeans are you going to buy? – The most expensive … .

4. Please pass me that plate. – Which … ?

5. Two of those coats suit you very well. – Which … ?

6. I’d like to test-drive one of these two cars. – This … or that … ?

7. I’d like to try one of these shirts. Please pass me that white … .

8. I’d like to see some rings, please. – These … in silver or those … in gold?

9. I think, on the whole, I prefer these yellow … .

10. Of all these car, I think I prefer a Japanese … .

Ex. 10. Put in “one”, “ones” or “you”, where necessary.

Help!

You can always tell the people who know all about cars. They’re the … who can recognize all the latest models and who bore … silly with useless information. The … who don’t know about cars are a bit like my friend, Robin. Robin is … of those people who believes that all car engines are in front of a vehicle. He recently hired a car without even realizing that it was … of those with its engine at the back. Last week he was driving along a country road when he heard a strange noise coming from the car and he stopped to have a look. He raised the bonnet to examine his engine and you can imagine his surprise when he saw that he didn’t have … ! He waved to a passing car and a young man stopped. Robin explained that he had lost his engine. ‘I don’t suppose … can help me,’ – he said. ‘Of course I can help …,’ the young man said. ‘I’ve got a spare … in the back of my car. You can use that … .’

Ex. 11. Translate into English.

1. Если у вас есть какие-нибудь вопросы, задавайте их в письменном виде. 2. Он рассказал нам несколько анекдотов. 3. Давайте встретимся в какой-нибудь другой день. В среду у меня совсем не будет времени. 4. У нас есть масло? – Да, немного осталось. 5. На нем была какая-то смешная шляпа. 6. Я вижу какое-то аппетитное блюдо на столе; давайте попробуем. 7. По-моему, я уже это видел в каком-то фильме. – Нет, вы ошибаетесь, никакого фильма на эту тему не было. 8. Есть ли какая-нибудь разница между ними? – Я не вижу никакой (разницы) и думаю, что её и нет. 9. Я полагаю, что он сможет сделать такой доклад без особой подготовки. 10. Я слишком мало с этим знаком, чтобы высказать какое-то определенное мнение. 11. Я вижу чей-то мокрый зонтик в передней. Кто-нибудь пришел? 12. Возьмите чьи угодно записи и просмотрите лекции, которые вы пропустили. 13. Я удивляюсь, как это некоторые могут так пренебрегать своими обязанностями. 14. Я слишком устал, чтобы заниматься сейчас чем-нибудь серьёзным. 15. У вас много работы сегодня? – Да, довольно много. 16. Мало надежды, что все будет хорошо. 17. Я не думаю, что много студентов придет сегодня на лекцию. 18. У него нет никаких финансовых проблем, у него много денег. 19. Когда мы прошли немножко дальше по дороге, мы встретили еще одну группу студентов.

Negative Pronouns

Ex. 1. Complete these sentences with “none”, “no” or “any”.

1. I couldn’t make an omelet because there were … eggs.

2. I couldn’t make an omelet because there weren’t … eggs.

3. How many eggs have we got? – … . I’ll go and buy some if you like”.

4. We took a few photographs but … of them were very good.

5. What a stupid thing to do! … intelligent person would do such a thing.

6. I couldn’t answer … of the questions they asked me.

7. There is … doubt that you will cope with this work.

8. That is … business of yours/… of your business.

9. An accident happened, but … great harm was done, … lives were lost.

10. We shall spare … efforts to achieve our aim.

Ex. 2. Choose between “none” and “no one”.

1. … has ever tried to teach her anything. 2. … of us is perfect; we all make mistakes. 3. … of us knew how ill she was. 4. I’m sure you heard it from Mary, … else could tell you that. 5. I wanted some more coffee but there was … left. 6. … of them knows his duty yet. 7. We had … to give us accurate information. 8. … of us knows how much he has suffered. 9. Since … had an answer to his question, silence fell in the room. 10. He asked for food but his mother said there was ….. . 11. … of the new men have been able to pass the test. 12. Of all the girls he phoned … were at home. 13. During that time he saw … who could tell him what had gone wrong. 14. … of us were sure of these facts. 15. Where are the apples? – There are … more left. 16. I have invited all of them, but …. have (has) come. 17. … are so blind as those who don’t see. 18. How many of these people do you know? – … of them.

Ex. 3. Fill in: “no one”, “nothing”, “anything”, “anywhere”, “everyone” or “hardly ever”.

Last year while I was in England, I went to a football match with an English friend. Manchester United were playing Ipswich and no one thought Manchester could lose. I think … will remember this game for the rest of their lives. Even my friend, who goes to every Manchester game, said he had never seen … like it. Ipswich scored four goals in the first half and … was sure they would win. Manchester was losing 0-4. Then, in the second half, the Manchester defender, Gary Neville, who … scores, scored three times. That was surprising enough, but it was … compared to him scoring for the fourth time with three minutes left. Not one person remained seated … in the whole stadium. Then, with only one minute remaining, Neville scored again and … went crazy. Manchester United won 5-4. I am convinced there is … better than seeing a football match in England.

Ex. 4. Fill in: “nothing”, “nobody”, “no where”, “anything”, “none”.

1. Who did you meet at the station? – … . 2. What did you buy? – … . I couldn’t find … I wanted. 3. How much luggage do you have? – … . 4. Where did you go for your holidays? – …., I stayed at home. 5. There was complete silence in the room: … said … . 6. There was … else except Nick in the room.

Ex. 5. Complete these sentences in any appropriate way beginning “not one (of)” or “no amount of”.

1. I thought the exam paper I had set was quite easy, but not one student got more than 50%.

2. We wanted to buy John’s car, but … .

3. I asked the children if someone would move the chairs, but … .

4. The damage to the paintings was so extensive that … .

5. My cousin Frank has written six novels, but … .

6. Although local residents say that they don’t want the new supermarket to be built … .

7. Every pupil knows how to cross the street but … .

Ex. 6. Translate the following negative sentences from Russian into English.

1. Никто не знал его номер телефона. 2. Никого не было дома, и я ушел. 3. У меня не было телефона, и я не знал, как ему позвонить. 4. Он ничего не спрашивал о вас. 5. Если вам нечего делать, почитайте книгу. 6. Я никого не жду сегодня вечером. 7. Никто из нас не был там. 8. Не о чем сожалеть. 9. Был праздник, и ни один магазин не работал. 10. Сколько у нас осталось яблок? – Нисколько, надо идти и купить. 11. Джон не прочитал ни одну из двух книг, которые я дал ему. 12. Я пытался позвонить ему, но всякий раз там никого не было. 13. Я не знаю никого, кто бы мог помочь тебе. 14. У нее плохая память, она ничего не помнит. 15. Я ничего никому не сказал. Ни слова. 16. В кабинете есть кто-нибудь? – Нет, там никого нет. 17. Я пригласил их обоих, но никто не пришел. 18. Из десяти наиболее популярных фильмов этого года ни один не был произведен в Британии. 19. Когда-то на этой улице было пять банков, но сейчас нет ни одного. 20. Никто не завоевывал приз более чем два раза. 21. Я никого не встретил по пути домой. 22. Не хотители чаю? 23. На этой улице нет аптеки. 24. У него не было машины. 25. Я никогда не был в Англии. – Я тоже. 26. Ни один из моих друзей ничего не знает об этом. 27. Сегодня среда или четверг? – Ни то, ни другое. Сегодня уже пятница.

Universal Pronouns

Ex. 1. Fill in the gaps with “every” or its derivatives (everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere).

1. The bus service is very good. There is a bus … ten minutes. 2. Tom is ill. He has some medicine. He has to take it … four hours. 3. The Olympic Games take place … two years. 4. We live near a busy airport. A plane flies over our house … ten minutes. 5. It’s a good idea to have a check-up with the dentist … six months. 6. My Mum knows … about gardening. 7. Your desk is untidy. There are papers … . 8. When I arrived home, … had already gone out. 9. I like walking, so I go … on foot. 10. … needs a rest. 11. Two and two is four. … knows that. 12. … who saw the accident should contact the police. 13. … is good in its season.

Ex. 2. Supply “each” or “every”.

1. Nearly … home in the country has television.

2. … person in my family has his own car.

3. … week I spend a few days in the country.

4. He continued to look at the watch … five minutes.

5. … of us must obey the traffic rules.

6. He visits us … Sunday.

7. The guests shook hands and had a talk with … of us.

8. Not … student is capable of learning foreign languages.

9. You have been given … opportunity to do well in this company.

10. … employee has to sign a contract.

11. There were two applicants. The employer gave an application form for … .

Ex. 3. Put “all” in the correct or most appropriate space in each sentence.

1. I’m pleased to say that you have passed … the exams … .

2. … his … papers had blown onto the floor.

3. I’ve known her … my … life.

4. We … have to work harder to get the job done.

5. When I opened the box of eggs, I found that they … were … broken.

6. She had to look after … three of her brother’s … children.

7. This is the moment we … have … been waiting for.

8. The jars … were … labeled ‘Home-made Jam’.

9. … the students … handed in their reports.

Ex. 4. Underline the correct or more likely alternative.

1. All the course/The whole course only lasts six months.

2. In the 1950s, all of the families/whole families, from grandparents to children, used to go to football matches on Saturday.

3. Because of the bad weather all of the schools/whole schools in the city were forced to close.

4. All the plan/The whole plan is ridiculous. It will never succeed.

5. She must be exhausted. She was on stage all the performance/the whole performance.

6. All of the countries/Whole countries in Africa have criticized the United nations’ decision.

7. Football, tennis, and cycling, all of them/whole are very popular sports in Europe.

8. Mrs. Jones is the woman who is in charge of the whole/whole company.

Ex. 5. Use “all” or “(the) whole” to make phrases or sentences with the following words.

a class a group a family a year time

a country a nation the world Europe a day

a city flowers food a box a sandwich

a book a thing people cars population

a winter exams candidates process a company

Ex. 6. Fill in: “each”, “every”, “everyone”, “everything”, “all” and “whole”.

a) Everyone needs to relax and Mrs. Emms was no different. She had worked … year without a break and she was ready for a holiday. … was planned, the … family were going to spend a week together in a cabin in the mountains. … year they had talked about getting away together but somehow they had never got round to it. This year it was actually going to happen. It had been seven years since … the family had gone away together and Mrs. Emms was really looking forward to the holiday. They had rented the cabin and had planned a different outing for … day of the week. Mrs. Emms just wanted a quiet relaxing holiday and to be able to spend … day in the fresh air. The rest of the family had different interests but they had planned the holiday well so that they would … enjoy themselves.

b) 1. When the famous actress appeared, … wanted to speak to her. 2. I invited … to come to my party. 3. I’m not buying anything, … is too expensive. 4. … those who know me can be sure I’m telling the truth. 5. … of us felt that it had been a wonderful experience. 6. … stood up when the President came into the room. 7. … talked about the elections, but I’m not sure they … voted. 8. … in the building was destroyed in the fire. Some of the objects were priceless. 9. I wouldn’t tell you for … the tea in China! 10. How much do you want for … in the shop? 11. Not … restaurants are very good. 12. … drinking water must be pure. 13. … windows in the house are open. 14. … cars need regular servicing. 15. … pupil should know the traffic rules. 16. … the guests were delighted at what they had seen. 17. … people are mortal. 18. … tyres on my bicycle are flat. 19. We’ve got … summer free to do whatever we want. 20. I can’t decide where to go to Italy, Greece or Spain. They are … beautiful countries.

Ex. 7. Supply “either” or “neither”.

1. When shall we meet: at 9 or 9.30? – I don’t mind. Either time is convenient for me.

2. Say what you like about those two applicants. I didn’t like … of them!

3. You can’t use those screwdrivers. … of them is suitable for the job.

4. I know you sent us two letters, but we have received … .

5. … of the candidates would make a first class Congressman.

6. … of two pictures is satisfactory.

7. Is it your car or your sister’s? – … . It’s my father’s.

8. Would you like some tea or coffee? – … .

9. I’ve got two sisters and a brother. My brother is working but … my sister are still at school.

10. Which of the films do you prefer, the first one or the second one? – Actually, I didn’t like … of them.

11. Where is Kate? Is she at work or at home? – … She is away on holiday.

12. I don’t know exactly who’s on the phone. It may be … Liza or her aunt.

13. I met John a year ago, but I’ve … seen him nor heard from him since.

Ex. 8. Supply “either”, “neither” or “both”.

1. … twins want to go to the party. 2. … front legs of the chair are shaky. 3. … Earth and Moon go round the Sun. 4. … restaurants we went to were expensive. 5. We had a great weekend as the weather was nice … days. 6. The two cars stopped and … of the drivers started shouting at each other. 7. I guess we’re … a little overtired. 8. It was a very good football match. … of the teams played very well. 9. He lost … his book and glasses. 10. I like these jackets. I’ll take … of them. 11. Is today the 5^th or the 6^th? – … . It’s 7^th today. 12. There are two sandwiches here. Do you mind which I take? – No. Take … . 13. Where did you go for your holidays – Scotland or Ireland? – We went to … . A week in Scotland and a week in Ireland. 14. When shall I phone you, morning or afternoon? – … I’ll be in all day. 15. … of my group mates are from Brest. 16. I tried twice to phone George but … times he was out. 17. I was invited to two parties last week but I didn’t go to … . 18. There were two windows in the room. It was very warm so I opened … . 19. Sarah and I played tennis together regularly but … can play very well. 20. Which of you have ever been to the Crimea? – … . 21. Do you want tea or coffee? – … I don’t mind. 22. Mary has three sisters, … look after her. 23. There are houses on … side of the street.

Ex. 9. Paraphrase the sentences using “both … and”, “neither … nor”, “either… or”, “not only … but also”.

Model: Barry works at the bank. Mark works at the bank, too.

Both Barry and Mark work at the bank.

1. Jenny is from Ireland. Mark is from Ireland, too.

2. I don’t like bananas and Marie doesn’t like bananas, either.

3. My mother enjoys skiing. I enjoy skiing, too.

4. Fred hasn’t got long hair and Mark hasn’t got long hair, either.

5. Kate can’t make important decisions. Ted can’t make important decisions, either.

6. Lucy didn’t spend her holidays at home. Bob didn’t, either.

7. Susan went on holiday to Spain last year. Emily went there, too.

8. Nick earns a lot of money. Dora earns a lot of money, too.

9. Peter has a stressful job. Jane has a stressful job, too.

10. Nora doesn’t enjoy the party. I don’t like it, either.

11. The lion is a wild animal. The tiger is a wild animal, too.

12. You may come to my birthday. Your brother may also come.

13. We didn’t like the hotel. It wasn’t clean and comfortable.

14. Tracy and Stella watched the programme.

15. Clare hasn’t been to America and her sisters haven’t either.

16. The teachers thought the exam results were unfair and so did the students.

17. James and David are not conservative.

18. I like Chinese cooking. My wife also likes it.

Ex. 10. Put in “of (the)”, “the” or “–“ with the pronouns in the following sentences.

1. Some … people get angry easily. 2. Some … people I met at the party were very interesting. 3. None … people could come to the party, so it was cancelled. 4. Not all … birds can fly. For example, the penguin can’t fly. 5. All … cars are unsafe. 6. I have lived in Minsk most … my life. 7. Most … days I get up at eleven o’clock. 8. Ted thinks that all … museums are boring. 9. I wasn’t well yesterday. I spend most … the day in bed. 10. Some … people learn more quickly than others. 11. Have you spent all … money you borrowed? 12. Peter can’t stop talking. He talks all … time. 13. During his holiday he spent most … his time on the beach. 14. These files are not mine. None … them belongs to me. 15. Most … films I watched were not bad. 16. We tried a lot of places but all … hotels had no vacant rooms. 17. I’ve done only some … the exercises. I couldn’t do … difficult ones. 18. All … my closest friends came to the party. 19. Both … countries, Britain and Belarus, have approximately the same territory. 20. We have to check each … these contracts attentively.

Ex. 11. Read and remember the use of “another”, “other”, “the other”, “others”. There are three possible combinations.

Give me another idea. Give me another one. Give me another.

Give me the other idea (s). Give me the other one (s). Give me the other (s).

Give me other ideas. Give me other ones. Give me others.

Now write all the combinations for

Show him another coat. … Have you got any other hats? …

Let her see the other dresses. … I prefer the other suit. …

Ex. 12. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of “(the) other”, “(the) others” or “another (one)".

1. Could I have … cup of coffee? 2. Could you give me … cup. This one is not clean. 3. This pen won’t write. Please, give me … . 4. This dictionary has a page missing. Please, give me … . 5. He does not need these books. He needs … . 6. Tell the … people to get ready as quick as possible. 7. We looked at four cars today. The first two were far too expensive, but … ones were reasonably priced. 8. He has lost his glasses. He must buy … . 9. I see only three magazines here. Where are … ones? 10. Will you kindly give me … copy of the magazines? 11. Jack is far better than any … member of the team. 12. We were two groups. One group started work at 8 and … group came at 10. 13. There are ten books on the desk. Six of them are mine; … are John’s. 14. She didn’t listen to what … said. 15. We’ll speak about it some … time. 16. You must do it … way round. 17. Three of them will come tomorrow … won’t come at all. 18. Six people were in the store. Some were buying meat, … were walking around. 19. There are thirty students in the room. Twenty are from Latin America, … are from … countries. 20. Some people liked the film, … were shocked by it.

Ex. 13. Supply “another”, “other”, “(the) next”, “the other”, “the others” and “others”.

1. John came to see me the other day. It was last Friday, I think.

2. I met two strangers on the way to work. One of them greeted me and … didn’t.

3. Some people like to have the windows open all the time, … don’t.

4. I can’t see him today. I’ll have to see him … day.

5. We spent the night in a small village and continued our journey … day.

6. Bill and … boy are playing in the yard. Jane and … girls are in the front room.

7. There must be … road that leads to the city centre.

8. There must be … roads that lead to the market.

9. I can’t let you have any of these plants, but you can have all … .

10. Could you give me … five minutes to get ready.

Ex. 14. Put in “others”, “other”, “the other” or “some”, “one”, “either”.

The other day the Prime Minister appointed a new Minister of Transport. … ministers like to travel everywhere by car: … prefer to use public transport. … of these means of transport is fine, but the new minister is … of those who goes everywhere by bicycle. When he arrived at the House of Commons yesterday, he was stopped by two security guards. … of them was sure he had seen him before. ‘I know you, don’t I?’ asked one of the guards. ‘You’re … of these messengers, aren’t you?’ ‘Well, no, actually,’ the minister replied. ‘I’m … of the ministers.’ ‘I knew you were … or … ! The guard replied.

Ex. 15. Choose between “another”, “other(s”), or “the other(s”) and make up the dialogues by analogy.

Tom: Ted: Tom: Ted: Tom: Ted: Tom: Ted: Tom:

I’m hungry. Have a cookie. I am still hungry. Can I have another cookie?/Can I have another? There are no more cookies in the box. There are two other boxes in the closet./There are two others in the closet. I found one box. Where is the other box?/Where is the other? The other box is behind it. How many more cookies can I have? You can have one more. The other cookies are for me!/The others are for me!

Ex. 16. Translate into English.

a)

1. Все мы играем в школе в футбол и волейбол. 2. Они обыскали весь дом. 3. Весь зал бурно аплодировал. 4. Он, по-видимому, выдумал всю эту историю с начала до конца. 5. Не весь снег еще растаял. 6. Все стены зала были увешаны старинным оружием. 7. Вся книга была разорвана. 8. У нас есть все основания не соглашаться с этим. 9. Все присутствующие должны расписаться здесь. 10. Я сдаю всю свою одежду в химчистку раз в два месяца. 11. В офисе никого не было. Все ушли на собрание.

b)

1. Пришлось ехать через поле: другой дороги не было. 2. Дайте мне, пожалуйста, другой номер этого журнала. 3. Если вам не нравится этот костюм, я могу вам предложить другой. 4. Собака ела мясо, но отказывалась от другой пищи. 5. Они были похожи как две капли воды, только один из них был немного выше другого. 6. В комнату вошли двое. Одного я никогда не видел, лицо другого показалось мне знакомым. 7.Это тупой нож, дайте мне другой. 8. Когда увидишь остальных, напомни им о нашем уговоре. 9. Другого выхода из ситуации не было. 10. Нам не пришлось долго ждать, машины подходили одна за другой.

c)

1. Они ехали по широкой дороге, по обе стороны которой росли деревья. 2. Оба, я и мой брат, были молоды и здоровы. 3. Двое из них не смогли прийти, но каждый имел серьёзную причину. 4. Ты можешь взять с собой оба моих фотоаппарата? 5. Они оба служили в армии. 6. Она либо заболела, либо опоздала. В любом случае мы не можем открыть дверь. 7. Каждую минуту мальчик выглядывал в окно. 8. Я помню каждый дом на нашей улице. 9. В гостинице есть две свободные комнаты, можете занять любую. 10. Какую мне взять книгу, я не читал ни ту, ни другую. – Возьмите любую, обе интересные. 11. Родители не взяли с собой ни меня, ни моего брата.

Interrogative Pronouns

Ex. 1. Complete the sentences with “who,” “whom”, “whose”, “what” or “which”.

… of these girls is the youngest? … is your hat? … is your telephone number? … are you drinking? … understands this rule? … of you understands this rule?

…do you know about him? … pencil is yours? … knows his address? … way did he go? … are you waiting for? … coat do you like Mom?

Ex. 2. Insert interrogative pronouns.

1. “… of the two is right?” he asked me. 2. … do we call the sea between England and France? 3. … are your intentions for summer? 4. … would you like to see? 5. … turn is it now? 6. … is speaking? 7. … can I do for you? 8. … is he? Is he a lawyer? 9. Who is he? – He is my cousin. 10. … are you talking about? 11. … problem are you working at now? 12. We serve coffee and tea. … would you like? 13. … of you did it? 14. … did you meet? 15. … is the man over there? 16. … bag is this? Yours or John’s? 17. … did you prefer: tea or coffee? 18. … sort of films do you like best? 19. … does the avocado taste like? 20. … city do you live in: London or Kingston? 21. … do you usually do on week-ends?

Ex. 3. Translate into English.

1. Кто знает этого человека? 2. Кто из вас разбил эту вазу? 3. Кого из них вы спрашивали об этом? 4. Кого вы ждете здесь? 5. Кому вы дали свой словарь? 6. Какой это цвет? 7. На каком этаже вы живете? 8. Что вы купили? 9. Какой месяц самый короткий? 10. О чем вы разговаривали, когда я вас встретил? 11. Какой метод вы используете? 12. Кто этот высокий человек? 13. Сколько здесь людей? 14. Какой праздник мы празднуем в декабре? 15. Чей это ребенок? 16. Зачем ты об этом спрашиваешь? 17. Кто из них спортсмен? 18. Кого вы встретили по пути в школу?

Conjunctive and Relative Pronouns

Ex. 1. State the relative pronouns in the following noun clauses.

1. I had to travel first class which was very expensive.

2. The girls were late which really annoyed everyone.

3. It snowed heavily at night which meant that the flight would be cancelled.

4. He wanted to come up at 2 a.m. which didn’t suit me at all.

5. His book is based on what appeared to be a myth.

6. Heaven knows how many articles have been written about resistance movements.

7. Today we can see why the development of modern medicine took so long.

8. What is impressive is that it was a very tall building, the tallest I have seen.

9. That the woman was so wonderfully described is largely due to the effort of the writer.

10. The book is an attempt to understand how the essential ideas and achievements arose and developed.

11. I don’t know what he is reading.

12. Nobody knows when it happened.

Ex. 2. Analyze the pronouns in bold type and state whether they are “conjunctive”, “relative” or “interrogative”.

1. Ernest turned from his work on the verandah to see who was there. 2. He sighed impatiently. Nothing he had done that morning was worth the time that he had spent on it. 3. Who could have thought that he would walk out on us like that? 4. Still it would be better to have some idea what he was doing there. 5. I remember you mentioned Wednesday and Friday. Which day shall we make it then? 6. Now the houses were beginning to take individual shape wich helped him sort them out and separate them. But how would he know which was home? He would have to ask somebody, which was a pity because he didn’t want to. 7. And suddenly he knew how ashamed he would have been if Celia had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born. 8. He felt like one whose dream has come true, but too late.

Ex. 3. Explain the meaning of the following as in the example. Pay attention to the punctuation.

1. The boys in my class who enjoyed the film saw it again. (only some boys in my class)

The boys in my class, who enjoyed the film, saw it again. (all the boys in my class)

2. The drivers who were involved in the accident had to go to court.

The drivers, who were involved in the accident, had to go to court.

3. The famous clubs which they go to are the most expensive.

The famous clubs, which they go to, are the most expensive.

4. My new records which he borrowed last week were ruined.

My new records, which he borrowed last week, were ruined.

5. The German students who I met at Jill’s party phoned me last night.

The German students, who I met at Jill’s party, phoned me last night.

Ex. 4. Fill in the relative pronoun and put commas where necessary. Write (D) for defining, (ND) for non-defining and whether the relative pronoun can be omitted or not.

1. The food that I like best of all is spaghetti. (D)

2. Fred, whose mother lives in Edinburgh, has gone to Scotland. (ND)

3. The building … was next to the school fell down.

4. Jane … brother is also a doctor works in the hospital.

5. The restaurant … we celebrated my birthday has closed.

6. The book … I’m reading is about China.

7. Mr. Smith … runs our company is in hospital.

8. Mr. Bush … family is rich has just bought a Mercedes.

9. The children … I baby-sit for are twins.

10. This jumper … I bought in Ireland is pure wool.

11. Emma … sister is an actress is going on holiday to Hollywood.

12. The supermarket … is near our house is open on Sundays.

13. Sharon … works at the Café Rousse spilt coffee on a customer.

Ex. 5. Omit the relative pronoun where possible.

1. He was the architect of this very house that we live in. 2. His eyes, which were inquisitive, looked from Martin to me. 3. He offered the driver a cigarette which he refused. 4. It was the first astronaut that I heard about. 5. She came into the room in which a child was sleeping and drew the curtains. 6. Often they discussed things about which he knew nothing. 7. Buy vanilla ice cream. It’s the only flavour what he likes. 8. The room was lit only by the candle that Martha carried. 9. Is that the man whom we saw in the park yesterday? 10. Please, give me the keys that are on the table. 11. How old is the man who owns this shop? 12. Have you met the young man that Nina is going to marry? 13. Let’s all look at the picture which is on page 23. 14. What colour is the dress that you are going to wear tonight? 15. We spent our holiday in a small town which is near the sea. 16. People who smoke damage their health. 17. I went to Egypt where I had a nice time.

Ex. 6. Fill the gaps in the following sentences by using either “what” or “which”.

1. He didn’t believe … I said … annoyed me very much.

2. I did … I could … wasn’t much.

3. I am sure that … you say is true.

4. We travelled second class … is cheaper than first class but more crowded.

5. He didn’t know the language … made it difficult for him to get a job.

6. I didn’t buy anything because I didn’t see … I wanted.

7. Show me … you’ve got in your hand.

8. You will be punished for … you have done.

9. This is the book … my friend wrote.

10. The Acropolis … attracts many tourists is in Athens.

11. This apple pie … I made yesterday tasted great.

Ex. 7. Decide which of the phrases in italics are correct. Add an appropriate preposition in the space.

1. I might fail the test, in which case/which point I’d probably re-sit it next year. 2. A bull charged towards the car, … which time/which point I drove away quickly. 3. I didn’t finish work until 10 o’clock, … which time/which case everyone had already gone home. 4. The meeting might go on for three or four hours, … which time/which case I’ll be late home from work. 5. Sam started to tell one of his terrible old jokes, … which point/which case I decided that I should go home. 6. I hadn’t seen Jane for nearly ten years, … which point/which time I had got married and had two children.

Ex. 8. Change one of the sentences of each pair into an adjectival clause beginning with “who”, “that”, “which”, “whose”, etc.

Model: The street is very wide. It leads to the station.

The street which leads to the station is very wide.

1. This is my house. I was born in it. 2. I’ve got a niece. She lives in America. 3. This is a park. We play football in it. 4. I talked to the people. They were sitting next to me. 5. I met a man at the party. He appeared to be a famous film star. 6. Alexander Bell invented the telephone. He was the first man to do it. 7. Do you know that man? He lives next door. 8. She visited the doctor. He told her to stay in bed. 9. A puzzle is a kind of problem. It is difficult to solve. 10. George Washington is one of America’s heroes. He was the first President. 11. Cinderella was mistreated by her stepsisters. She used to sit alone in the kitchen. 12. I have a friend. Her brother is a police officer. 13. The fish was delicious. I had it for dinner. 14. Paris is attractive in spring but it is too hot in summer. 15. A favourite recipe is a precious gift. It never grows old, never wears out and always brings a happy memory. 16. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year. 17. The roads were crowded with refugees. Many of them were wounded. 18. We lit a fire. It soon dried our clothes. 19. I went to Kiev. I had always wanted to visit Kiev. 20. Simon’s mother is a vegetarian. She doesn’t eat meat.

Ex. 9. Use relatives to combine the following sentences as in the model:

Model: I spoke to a gentleman. He was very polite.

The gentleman (who/that/whom) I spoke to was very polite. /The gentleman to whom I spoke was very polite.

1. I’m writing about a film. It was made in 1958.

2. She’s the girl. They were talking about her.

3. That’s the restaurant. We go there every Saturday.

4. This is the island. We spent our holiday on it.

5. These are the Joneses. We went to the theatre with them.

6. That is the hotel. We used to stay at it every summer.

7. He’s Mr. Smith. I got all the information from him.

8. This is the knife. He cut the bread with it.

9. Peter Smith had an accident. Now he is in hospital.

10. John’s father is a lawyer. Now he has moved to Paris.

11. My mother gave me a vase. Now it has got broken.

12. Roger’s car has broken down. He is late for work.

Ex. 10. Write two sentences as one, using a non-defining relative clause beginning with “all”, “both”, “each”, etc., + “of which” or “of whom”.

Model: The film is about the lives of three women. Kate Dillon plays all the women.

The film is about the lives of three women, all of whom are played by Kate Dillon.

1. The island’s two million inhabitants have been badly affected by the draught. Most of the island’s inhabitants are peasant farmers.

2. She has two older brothers. Neither of the brothers went to university.

3. About 30 of her friends and relations came to the airport to welcome her back. many of her friends and relations had traveled long distances.

4. The minister has recently visited Estonia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. They all have large Russian minorities.

5. The fish are multi-coloured. The biggest of the fish is only two cm long.

6. Scotland have won their last five international matches. One of these matches was against England.

Ex. 11. Join the sentences with the correct relatives.

Last year I want to Paris. I stayed there for a week. It was a lovely experience. I will never forget it. I stayed with Louise. She is my French cousin. She introduced me to Pierre. His knowledge of Paris is amazing. I loved the boulevards. They are so wide and elegant. The Eiffel Tower is, of course, a great sight. It is famous all over the world. My favourite building, however, was the Invalides. It was built in the 17^th century. At the end of the week I thanked Pierre. he had been very kind.

Ex. 12. Fill the gaps in the following sentences with one of the following words: “however”, “whatever”, “whenever”, “wherever”, “whichever”, “whoever”, “no matter how”.

1. Whatever you do, don’t mention my name. (I particularly don’t want you to.)

2. … of you broke this window will have to pay for it.

3. … broke this window will have to pay for it.

4. We must finish tonight, … long it takes us.

5. … my neighbour is cooking, there is a smell of burning.

6. The lift works perfectly well but … I use it the doors stick.

7. … rich you are, you can’t buy happiness.

8. … it rains my roof leaks.

9. What party comes to power at the election will face major economic problems.

10. Whoever wins the contract to build the tunnel will have a very difficult job to do.

11. Help yourself to fruit from the trees in the garden. Take whichever you want.

Ex. 13. Define these items using “whose” and “which”. You may need to use a dictionary.

Model: A widower is as a man whose wife has died and who has not re-married.

1. An orphan is …

2. A plumber is …

3. A referendum is a vote …

4. Morse code is …

5. A chart show is …

TEST

a) Choose the wright pronoun in brackets.

1. I know … (him, his) and … (his, him) brother.

2. All … (this, these) is very important.

3. Some women tint … (their, her) hair when (it, they) goes grey.

4. She couldn’t lend me a dictionary because it wasn’t … (her, hers).

5. There is a streem in Cromwell, England, that is 48 sm. wide in … (its, his) narrowest point.

6. Why did she put … (little, a little) sugar in her tea? It won’t be sweet.

7. I wouldn’t allow a child of … (my, mine) to be treated in that way.

8. Would you like … (some, any) more meat?

9. The price of one of … (those, that) lemons is twenty-five pence. Those lemons are twenty-five pence … (each, every).

10. Take your feet off the table. … (It’s, Its) legs aren’t very strong.

11. What sort of job are you looking for? – It doesn’t matter. ... (Any, Each) will do.

12. It’s all finished. I’m afraid there’s … (nothing, anything) left.

13. I know … (anything, nothing) about it and he doesn’t know … (nothing, anything) about it either. … (Nobody, Anybody) knows about it.

14. The bus service is very good. There is a bus … (every, each) ten minutes.

15. … (every, each) pupil should know the traffic rules.

16. Everything looks different in space. … (every, each) continent, (every, each) ocean has it own colour.

17. He went to … (each, every) house in turn.

18. … (Each, Every) child in the world loves the story of Cinderella.

19. The guests shook hands and had a talk with … (each, every) of us.

20. … (Everybody, Each) stood up when the President came into the room.

21. Does he read … (much, many)? – It’s a pity but he reads too … (little, a little).

22. Do you speak English … (a few, a little)? May I have … (a few, a little) words with you?

23. She was reading some letters of … (mine, my).

24. He really enjoyed … (him, himself) at the opera last night. – … (Either, So) did I.

25. I wanted … (another, other) pound of meat, but there wasn’t … (any, other) left.

26. There’s … (a little, little) use in complaining. They probably won’t do … (anything, nothing) about it.

27. Here’s a photo of … (yours, you), it belongs to you. And this is a photo of (you, yours), you are in it.

28. Who does this CD belong to? – … (Me, Mine). I’ve just bought it.

29. What did you buy? – … (Nothing, None). I couldn’t find … (something, anything).

30. The house belongs to Mr and Mrs Smith, it’s … (their, theirs).

31. Nick ate dinner with … (I, me).

32. Rose and … (I, me) had dinner with Nick last night.

33. I was so delighted to see you. – … (I, me) too.

34. I am from Minsk. – So am … (I, me).

35. It was a terrible fire. … (The whole, All) building was destroyed.

36. … (Few, A few) people arrived before the party started but not many.

37. It is up to us – John, Paul, Phillip, and … (I, me) to make the decision.

38. She took … (someone’s else, someone else’s) umbrella instead of her own by mistake.

39. The twins often wear … (each other’s, one another’s) clothes.

40. … (Many, Few) tourists visited Northern Ireland in the 1980s because of the terrorism.

41. Not … (much, many) happens around here in winter.

42. His ideas are very difficult and … (few, a few) can understand … (them, it).

43. I think there are … (few, little) Russian soap-operas on television. There are … (much, many) more Brazilian ones.

44. Liz is very clever but she has … (fewer, less) confidence than … (someone, anyone) I know.

45. I’d like to go on holiday … (also, either) to Spain or to Greece. – Yes, they … (either, both) look perfect.

46. I have so … (many, much) work today that I can’t go out. – … (Neither, So) can I.

47. It wasn’t a good match, …(neither, either) team played well.

48. Peter didn’t pass the exam and Steve didn’t pass it … (either, neither).

49. You two are always quarrelling! Stop it … (all, both) of you.

50. It was a public holiday, so there were … (no, none) shops open.

51. We didn’t like the hotel. It was … clean … comfortable (neither … nor, either… or).

52. … of my groupmates are from Brest (none, either).

53. I tried twice to phone George but … (both, each) times he was out.

54. Relax … (–, yourself). Don’t pay attention to … (their, theirs) complaints.

55. Jack is growing a beard because he doesn’t like to shave … (himself, –).

56. Who shaved Henry? – Nobody, he shaves … (himself, –).

57. … (None, Nobody) of them had the slightest idea of what she meant to say.

58. I tried to study but I just couldn’t concentrate … (myself, –).

59. We had a lovely holiday and really enjoyed … (ourselves, us) very much.

60. It’s not her fault she really shouldn’t blame … (herself, him).

61. Sometimes I can’t express exactly what I mean. I wish I could express … (myself, –) better.

62. What I did was wrong. I am ashamed of … (me, myself).

63. They can do it … (themselves, ourselves).

64. I don’t really enjoy going to the cinema … (by myself, myself). I’d rather have … (anyone, someone) to go with me.

65. I met Sally yesterday. We bumped into … (each other, one another) on the train.

66. They both haven’t seen … (each other, themselves) for ages and have forgotten … (each other’s, one another’s) names.

67. Many countries compete with … (one another, themselves).

68. The children won’t play peacefully together. They always fight with … (one another, themselves).

69. You and your classmate are looking at … (yourselves, themselves) in the mirror.

70. You and your classmate are looking at … (each other, themselves).

71. Everyone in the group shook hands with … (each other, one another).

72. An egoistical person loves … (himself, him).

73. Take some money with … (you, yourself) if you need it.

74. Put … (yourself, you) in my position and you will not blame … (me, myself).

75. Could I have … (another, other) cup of coffee?

76. Tell … (the other, other) people to get ready as quickly as possible.

77. I wasn’t well yesterday. I spend … (all, most) the day in bed.

78. I watched … (most, every) films but not … (all, each).

79. There are ten books on the desk. Six of them are mine; … (the others, others) are John’s.

80. Democracy is the worst form of government apart from all … (the others, others) W. Churchill.

81. Six people were in the store. Some were buying meat, … (the others, others) were walking around.

82. If I were you I’d sell that old car and buy a new … (one, ones).

83. … (One, He) isn’t allowed to park where … (one, he) likes. It’s forbidden.

84. They were going to get what they wanted one way or … (another, other)

85. My brother had (the other, another) baby last year.

86. He didn’t believe … (what, that) I said, … (which, that) annoyed me very much.

87. I did … (what, which) I could … (what, which) wasn’t much.

88. They stay at home … (all the, the whole) time. They never seem to go … (anywhere, somewhere).

89. … (Whose, Which) turn is it now? – … (My, Mine).

90. I’m almost finished. I need … (another, some) 5 minutes.

91. … (Which, What) of the boys is your son?

92. The shop doesn’t sell new books. It only sells old … (some, ones).

93. – Is this Alice’s book or … (your, yours)? – I have … (not, no) idea.

94. Is a brother of … (her, hers) a lawyer or a doctor? – (Neither, None). He is an economist.

95. He could find … (no one, none) in the village, who could tell him what had gone wrong.

96. I can’t remember his name. He was … (either … or, neither … nor) Robert or Richard.

97. Everyone remembers him, … (don’t they, doesn’t everyone)? In football, everyone tries to do … (his, their) best.

98. … (This, These) boots hurt my feet. – Could you show me … (the other, another) pair.

99. We were so tired that we had to stop … (every, each) two hundred meters.

100. A bus … (that, which) goes to the airport runs every half an hour.

b) Fill in: who, why, where, when, which, or whose.

Dear Mum and Dad,

Hi! Well here’s my news. The day when I arrived I left very lonely. I am very happy now though, because the college … I am studying has a computer course. On Wednesday the boy … room I share had a party. It was great fun! Thursday was good. The man … teaches us Biology forgot to come so we had some free time! Friday wasn’t so great. I missed a lecture. The reason … I missed it was that I was ill in bed. The photograph … I’m sending you was taken on that day … I arrived, while I was waiting for the bus. I’ll have to catch up on my work, so I must go now! Write soon.

Love, Tom.