Упражнения

Ex. 1. Read the following word combinations and sentences. Compare the use of the prepositions in English and Russian.

in the morning/on a sunny morning in the afternoon/on a hot afternoon in the evening/on a cold evening Wait for me. Listen to me. Ask for cigarettes, please. Go on! Come along! He is at home. She goes in for sports. I am interested in music. I'm going to enter the University. We joined the group of students.

утром/солнечным утром днем/жарким днем вечером/холодным вечером Подождите меня. Послушайте меня. Попросите сигареты, пожалуйста. Продолжайте, пожалуйста! Пойдем! Он дома. Она занимается спортом. Я интересуюсь музыкой. Я собираюсь поступать в университет. Мы присоединились к группе студентов.

Ex. 2. Say it in English:

на юг – на юге, в школу – в школе, в университет – в университете, в магазин – в магазине, в отпуск – в отпуске, на работу – на работе, в конце недели – на конец недели (на выходные); о писателе, об артисте, о картине; писать карандашом, рисовать маслом; пригласить друга, одолжить деньги подруге; книги писателя, картины художника, улицы города, население республики, конец фильма, голос выступающего; со стола, на стене, в углу, вдоль дороги, с трех часов, с детства, с моей точки зрения, через минуту; с каждым шагом, под дождем, один шанс из десяти, во всем мире, сверх нормы, рядом с рекой, у окна, вниз по реке, друг за другом, после шести часов, за столом, идти к выходу, идти на концерт, идти в парк; двадцать первого августа 1991 года, первого января 1990 года.

Ex. 3. Choose the correct preposition of place.

1. She lives at/in 27 Maple Street. 2. Let’s go shopping in/at Oxford Street. 3. I keep my jewelry in/into the box. 4. Last year I was flying over/above the Loch Ness. 5. I saw her at/in the club yesterday. 6. She was at/– home when I rang her up. 7. There is a nice picture of our town at/in this magazine. 8. The dog is hiding under/on the chair. 9. Read the note at/in the bottom of the page. 10. The Jacksons live in/on the second floor. 11. John is in/on bed at the moment. He’s not feeling very well. 12. The bakery is opposite/across the park. 13. Grandmother loves sitting on/in her favourite armchair by the fire. 14. Sarah sits near/beside me at school. 15. There is a playground at/near the bank. 16. Look at the stars in/at the sky. 17. My house is between/among the bank and the post office. 18. After the party, there was rubbish at/on the floor. 19. Let’s meet on/at the theatre. 20. There’s a very interesting article about UFOs in/on the newspaper today. 21. I saw him onto/into the bus yesterday. 22. The child fell on/in the floor and began crying. 23. We passed over/above the bridge. 24. Would you like to sit in/at front? 25. She walked along/across the street. 26. I can hardly recognize you in/on this photo. 27. The preface is on/at the first page. 28. I saw her face in/at the window. 29. I saw it on/at TV. 30. I’m sure I saw a face at/in the window. 31. Did you see Nick in/at the dance? 32. It says in/on the letter that I must give a reference number to you.

Ex. 4. Choose the correct preposition of time.

1. My mother was born on/in Thursday, on/– 8^th March, 1967. 2. I got married in/– last September. 3. The children will be back in/on a few minutes. 4. I’ll be free by/till 7 o’clock. 5. We’ll come in/after two days. 6. He promised to be here by/before noon. 7. We saw a man behind/after the house. 8. After/Before lunch we continued our work. 9. I haven’t seen you since the time we parted on/in August. 10. During/At the match the fans were whistling loudly. 11. He slept from/since 9.00 till/to 11.00. 12. At/During night, when it gets dark, she turns on/off the radio and listens to music. 13. In/– next weekend we are going home. 14. They have been together for/since 10 years. 15. Everything has changed on/at his arrival. 16. It’s sometimes very cold in/during winter. 17. She read this book during/on her holiday. 18. By/Till the time you get this letter, I shall be far away. 19. Don’t open your eyes till/until I tell you to. 20. I want to speak to you before/when you have left. 21. I’ll give you a ring after/before you come back from holiday. 22. She wrote this article during/at her holiday. 23. Please, don’t touch anything before/until the police arrive. 24. I should be free by/until 3 p.m. If the meeting doesn’t end in/on time I’ll have to make my apologies and leave. 25. We always used to have a party at/in the end of term. 26. The second goal was scored by Wilson in/on the 41^st minute.

Ex. 5. Use the correct preposition of movement.

a)

1. She moved from/off Mogilev to/towards Minsk. 2. The police ordered to get out/out of the car. 3. Take the carpet off/from the wall. 4. He drove onto/into the motorway. 5. We got to/into the place right in time. 6. When does the train get in/at? 7. You should put some pictures on/to the wall. 8. Very unwillingly he got out of/from the bath and went to answer the phone. 9. We can invite you to/for our party. 10. He was pushing forward/ahead the trolley. 11. Go straight along/across the river. 12. We turned around/round the corner. 13. He travelled round/around the Caucasus. 14. Climb down/from at once or you will break your neck. 15. They drove towards/to the city center. 16. The travellers went to/at the shore. 17. She turned pale and put her hand over/round her forehead. 18. The children were running up and down the stair case.

b)

1	A: Where is Mr. Brown?
	B: He has just gone … his office.
2	A: What’s that noise?
	B: There’s a plane flying … the house.
3	A: Where does this train go?
	B: It goes … Newcastle … Edinburgh.
4	A: How do I get to the post office from here?
	B: Just walk … corner and you’ll see it.
5	A: Where is your football?
	B: It rolled … the hill and fell into the river.
6	A: When did you see Betty?
	B: I saw her when I came … the office this morning.
7	A: Why are you tired?
	B: Because I just ran … the hill.
8	A: Why are you looking at the map?
	B: Because I want to see if there’s another way of getting to the village instead of going … the forest.

Ex. 6. Choose the correct preposition of manner, aim, comparison, reason.

1. I need a suit for/to everyday wear. 2. He couldn’t attend the conference because of/for illness. 3. The student’s work is beyond/over all praise. 4. For/with this purpose he decided to take a course of shorthand writing. 5. With/for this purpose in mind he decided to visit his old friend. 6. He is superior over/to the rest of the group. 7. Since/for she grew wiser she couldn’t allow herself such thoughtless behaviour. 8. From/because of happiness he was singing loudly. 9. You can learn driving by/through driving, but not being driven. 10. It is possible to predict weather by/– watching birds and animals, insects and flowers. 11. She goes to work by/on bus. 12. He came here by/on foot. 13. Money is used for/to buying or selling goods, for/to measuring in value and for/to storing wealth. 14. He always acts up to/to his principles.

Ex. 7. Change the sentences as in the model. Make the proper use of the prepositions “to” and “for”.

Model: The pupil is giving his exercise-book to the teacher.

The pupil is giving the teacher his exercise-book.

1. Kate is telling an interesting story to her friend. 2. Mother is reading a fairy-tale to her little son. 3. Parents are buying a new coat for him. 4. Grandmy is showing coloured pictures to her grandchildren. 5. My aunt is making a new dress for me. 6. Tell the news to everybody! 7. I must buy my niece a doll. 8. Peter, bring me the raincoat. 9. Nick, give Tom this English book. 10. They buy the children new toys. 11. Don't read them this letter. 12. They are writing Jane a note. 13. We want to send him some flowers. 14. Give him your note-books, please. 15. I'm going to explain you a new rule.

Ex. 8. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions “by”, “with” or “in”.

1. The new house will be surrounded ... the garden. 2. The garden is enclosed … a fence, … a gate in it. 3. The book has been written ... a group of authors. 4. The sky is covered ... clouds. 5. The child is covered ... a blanket ... his mother. 6. I can open the door of my house ... the key. 7. The cat was killed ... the car. 8. The man was killed ... the gun. 9. The flat is heated ... the central heating. 10. He went to Sochi ... his parents. 11. The letter is written … pencil. 12. These clothes were made … hand.

Ex. 9. Read the sentences paying attention to the change of meaning of verbs with different prepositions. Then do the exercise that follows.

She is looking after the children. She is looking at the children. She is looking for the magazine. She is looking through the magazine.

Она заботится о детях. Она смотрит на детей. Она ищет журнал. Она просматривает журнал.

1. I put ... my dress and went to the kitchen. At night I put … my clothes and went to bed. 2. Don't turn ... the radio, I want to listen to the music. Please, turn … the radio, it’s time for the news. 3. My feet hurt! – Take … your shoes! Don’t go barefoot, take … your shoes! 4. The bus stopped and we got … . Then we got … again as it was not our stop. 5. When it is dark we switch ... the light. Switch … the light and go to bed. 6. He was sorry … the way he had behaved at the party. Tom was sorry … damaging his neighbour’s fence. 7. Rod sympathized … Delia’s situation. You weren’t sympathetic … that man. 8. My residence permit is valid … one more year. This qualification is valid … the United States. 9. They are speaking ... these events. They are speaking ... the headmaster about his progress. 10. We stood … and went out of the room. They stood … peace. 11. I asked … the price. I asked … a refund. 12. He went to Riga. He went on talking but nobody listened.

Ex. 10. Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition.

a) I like Jane best ... all my friends. She is a pretty girl ... large blue eyes, brown hair and slender figure. ... summer we usually spend our free time ... the bank ... the river not far ... our town. We swim ... the river, lie ... the Sun and gather berries ... the forest. ... the evening we return home happy and sunburnt. ... Sunday we are going ... an excursion ... bus. We shall return ... Minsk … three days. ... our stay ... Kiev we’ll see many places ... interest. Jane is a student ... the University. I am also going to enter ... the University this year. She married … her childhood sweetheart. How long has she been marked … him?

b) 1. I like to go away … the weekend. 2. Last year I went to Greece … my holiday. 3. He is not in the city, he is … holiday. 4. Mary and Liz are to go … holiday together. 5. … recent years we notice extremes … the weather with rains, hurricanes and droughts. 6. All upper floors … our school were intended … senior children. 7. … the end of the programme, she turned the television … . 8. … the end they got married, but we had thought they never would. 9. People can travel … air, … rail, … sea, … road or … foot.10. This city was founded … the Spanish … an island … a lake. 11. … that time it was too late to call. 12. Most people hike … exercise. 13. … many centuries theatre has been the main and only attraction. 14. The room was rectangular … shape, and … normal size. 15. Once a week, Mr. Smith goes … with his wife … a restaurant … dinner. 16. Near the church, … the top … a small hill, the minister’s house still stood and … the house and the church lay the small meadow where my grandmother used to play … the cows. 17. Many people have happy memories … their grandparents. 18. The whole world knows the names … John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr and George Harrison. 19. … the Chinese culture, children live … their parents … a long time. 20. … Next year, Miguel is planning a cruise … the Bahamas; I am planning … go to Nicaragua to see what is going … there. 21. All … all there are six or seven rooms … the house. 22. … the subway, … my way to school, I look … the signs … the walls … the car, watch the faces … other passengers, and read the newspaper headlines … someone’s shoulder. 23. Students, young people working away … home are single people in general. 24. He hasn't got any sense … humour at all. 25. A. Mikola Gusovki, B. Symon Budny, C. Leu Sapeha, D. Vincent Dunin-Marcinkievich, E. Kastus Kalinouski – these are all the prominent historical figures … Belarus … history.

Ex. 11. Переведите следующие предложения.

1. Моя мать живет за городом, но зимой она приезжает к нам и обычно остается с нами на месяц или два. 2. По пути из университета я должна купить билеты в кино. Я также хочу зайти в магазин и купить что-нибудь на ужин. 3. У нас хорошая двухкомнатная квартира с большой кухней в центре города. Она находится на втором этаже в новом доме. 4. Университет расположен недалеко от нашего дома. 5. Между диваном и книжным шкафом нет места. 6. Среди моих друзей нет врачей. 7. Мой дедушка сидит в кресле перед телевизором. 8. По-моему, твоя квартира слишком мала для вашей семьи. 9. Эти игрушки принадлежат моим детям. 10. Летом многие люди страдают от жары. 11. Люди из всех окон смотрели на церемонию. 12. Что случилось с моим братом? 13. Моя семья состоит из трех человек. 14. Русская зима известна своими морозами. 15. Я очень интересуюсь тем, что происходит в мире. 16. Книги этого писателя пользуются популярностью у читателей. 17. У Ани все хорошо с английским. Она помогает по грамматике своим друзьям. 18. Я обычно просыпаюсь в 7 часов утра, но встаю позже. 19. Он беспокоился о здоровье матери. 20. Из неуклюжей девочки она превратилась в настоящую красавицу. 21. Пациент умер от сердечного приступа. 22. Возьми табуретку из-под стола. 23. Ее отец – в нефтяном бизнесе. 24. В небе – миллионы звезд. 25. Хулиган ударил мальчика по голове. 26. Мост через реку был новым и красивым. 27. Боль в ноге усиливалась с каждым шагом. 28. Со своим знанием иностранного языка она не смогла сдать вступительный экзамен. 29. Он сказал это из зависти. 30. Его не было несколько минут. 31. В течение последних пяти лет он добился больших результатов в исследованиях. 32. Он находился в этой гостинице примерно около недели. 33. Туристы уехали в Лондон первого июня.

Ex. 12. Complete the gaps with a suitable preposition or adverb of time or place.

It was 8 o'clock on a cold morning ... January. She was still asleep. She usually stayed ... bed … about 9 o’clock... the winter. Suddenly she was woken up by a knocking at the door. She got ... bed and went ... the door. There was a man ... the doorstep. She thought she recognized him. ‘Hello Edna’, he said. ‘It’s Tom. Can I come ...?’ And then she knew who it was but she didn't quite believe it. She hadn't seen him ... thirty years, not ... the summer of 1940 when she’d said goodbye to him the night ... his final departure. That was when he went off ... war. It was two years ... that when she received the letter ... the War Office which said that Tom had been missing ... some time and was now presumed dead. She kept on hoping that they were wrong right up … the end of the war. But then she gave up. … then, she’d continued to think of Tom every day. … his birthday, she always stayed … home all day because she couldn't bear to meet anybody. She’d met Tom … the age of sixteen and they'd had a wonderful time together … the start of the war. She was nineteen when war broke out and they’d been together … three years. They were going to get married … the war.

TEST

a) Choose the right preposition.

1. There is a forest … (beyond, along, below) the river so we have to swim …. (beyond, across, through) the river to reach it.

2. They solved a lot of problems … (in the course of, within, at the time) their negotiation.

3. Six … (of, out of, to) ten people say they watch TV 4-5 hours a day.

4. She drove the car …(in spite of, instead of, in favour of) the driver.

5. We opened the door … (by means, with) this key.

6. I was born … (in, on, at) October, 1990, … (in, on, at) October 25, to be more exact.

7. She lives … (in, on, at) Maple Street. She lives … (in, on, at) 17, Maple Street.

8. We drove … the river, … the lake, … the castle and … the village (along, round, past, through).

9. Where is your house? – It is … the shops, … the bus stop (near, between). Go … the road and walk … (across, along).

10. When we flew over Paris we couldn’t see much because we were … the clouds (above, over). … us was the river which ran … the bridge (below, under).

11. We slept … (from, since) 11 p.m. … (until, to) 9 a.m. We didn’t even wake up … breakfast (till, to).

12. His favourite song is Strangers… (in, at) the Night. … (At, In) night when it gets dark, he likes to listen to it to recollect the time spent in London.

13. He has been ill … (during, for) the winter. Now he wants to rent a cottage for summer and spend all his time … (outside, inside) the city.

14. She felt miserable … (during, in the course of) the whole week and didn’t speak … (during, within) the meal yesterday.

15. I took your bag … (by, on) mistake. It is very much like mine. Both are … (of, from) brown leather, made … (by, with) hand. I made my bag by myself … (from, of) an old one.

16. My dress is made … (of, from) cotton. Her dress is made … (of, from) a wide scarf.

17. The children are … (on, for, at) holiday. I’m going … (for, to, on) holiday, too.

18. I’m sorry … (for, about) my friend. I’m sorry … (for, about) the tickets, too.

19. He appeared here not … (by, on) chance, he came … (on, at) purpose. He intended to do it and even rented a car … (for, on, by) this purpose.

20. Lessons begin at 8.30 and I am always … (on, in) time. Lessons begin early and I always come… (in, on) time.

21. The two men are … (in, on) trade business. Now they are in Germany … (in, on) business.

22. I’ll see you … (in, at) a moment. I can’t speak to you … (in, at) the moment.

23. All is made in accordance … (with, of, to) your requirements.

24. The train has arrived … (in, to) London. We arrived …(at, in, to) the Waterloo station.

25. He is asking me … (about, for, to) help. I am asking him … (about, for, to) his problems.

26. Who are you waiting …(for, to, –)? – I am not waiting, I am just looking … (for, through, after) the window.

27. I am leaving … Minsk … Moscow tonight (to, for, –).

28. These old cities don’t differ … (from, of, –) one another.

29. We are looking … (after, forward, through) to our vacation.

30. You should apply …(–, for, about) a job not later than September, 1.

31. The boat was carried …(with, by, –) the waves into the open sea.

32. He was treated … (with, by, –)very effective medicines.

33. He came … (with, for, on) a two-day official visit … (with, at, by) the invitation of the Government.

34. If you don’t know this word, look it … …(in, up, at) in the dictionary.

35. I handed the check … (to, for, –) the waiter and asked … (to, for, about, –) another glass of water.

36. James is not good … (in, at, on) maths, so he doesn’t get … (in, on, by) well with his maths teacher.

37. This girl takes care ... (about, after, of) my little boys ... (at, on, during) the afternoons. She’s very good ... (at, with, by) children.

38. Karen takes ... (on, by, after) her mother. They are very similar ... (in, by, yet) many ways. They understand each other very well because ... (for, of, to) this.

39. We are going to enter ... (in, to, -) the University.

40. We clean our teeth ... (by, with, at) a toothbrush.

41. I am not going to put ... (on, up, to) with your bad temper any longer.

42. I hope you will be interested ... (by, in, at) my application, and I’m looking forward ... (by, at, to) hearing ... (-, of, from) you.

43. Your plane leaves ... (for, at, in) 14.00. You should check in 1 ½ hours ... (after, before, until) departure time, so you need to be at the airport ... (till, by, at) 12.30.

44. Put the phone ... (up, down, on), wait a moment and then dial the number again. I’m sure you’ll eventually get ... (to, through, in) to the Hospital.

45. This is the entrance to the Hotel. The receptionist is sitting ... (in, on, at) her chair, with a lamp ... (next to, beside, at) her, a tall plant in a pot stands ... (on, in, at) the floor.

46. We had a quarrel, but we’ve sorted everything ... (of, out, down) and we are good friends again.

47. Majorca is an island ... (of, off, at) the coast of Spain.

48. Mother was always excited … (about, for, with) one thing or another and always interested … (on, in, about) new things.

49. Letters of application ... (for, about, in) this post should be completed ... (in, with, by) handwriting not ... (in, with, by) print.

50. “When did you last hear ... (from, of, about) Don?” – “He’s coming to Bristol next week, so we agreed ... (to, on, with) the time and place to meet. I agreed … (with, on, to) him that we’ll meet at the club.”

51. I told him that he couldn’t hope to catch a big fish ... (with, by) a small rod like that, but he insisted ... (about, on, in) trying.

52. We are having a party ... (on, at, in) Christmas Day. Come and see us ... (on, at, in) Christmas.

53. Your appointment with the consultant is ... (at, on, in) 6.30 ... (in, at, on) the evening of the 11^th.

54. The man was surprised ... (with, at, of) his friend’s reaction ... (towards, to, on) what he said.

55. We need another article ... (for, in, to, on) this problem.

56. Despite the difficulties he managed to carry ... (off, with, out, in) the project.

57. A lot of visitors …(to, in, on) Britain aren’t used … (to, for, on) driving … (to, for, on) the left .

58. I try never to be away …(from, for, at) home … (from, for, at) more than a month … (from, for, at) a time.

59. I’m trying to apply … (to, for, of) the job … (to, for, of) a computer operator.

60. … (After, Before, On) leaving college I have been working …(after, for, with) a computer company … (after, for, during) a year.

61. When I give an order I expect it to be carried ... (on, out, away).

62. All these silly restrictions should he done … (away, with, away with).

63. When he was going away he was seen … (off, of, away) by all friends at the airport.

64. It was difficult to believe that he had been let … (down, up) by his friend.

65. These are good examples. They should be made use … (of, for, off) in the report.

66. This state of affairs will be put an end … (to, for, at).

67. Meadows, woods and even a friendly stream lay … (within, at) walking distance of our house.

68. We had a lot of problems with our house. ... (At, In, On) the end we sold it and bought a flat.

69. There was great applause ... (in, at, on) the end of the concert.

70. If you walk ... (to, in, at) the end of the street, you’ll see a small shop ... (at, in, of) the corner.

71. There was a big wardrobe … (in, at, on) the corner of the room.

72. We waited and waited ... (in, at, to) the end we decided to go back home.

73. The bus was very full. There were too many people … (in, at, on) it. That’s why I prefer to travel … (in, on, by) train or … (in, on, by) my own car.

74. She spends most of her spare time talking … (in, at, on) the phone.

75. The teacher said that we should go … (to, on, for) an excursion soon.

76. I apologized …(to, by, for) them … (at, by, for) my mistake.

77. It’s ages … (since, from, for) I saw him last.

78. Congratulations … (with, to, on) your new job!

79. Look … (through, after, for) your notes before exams.

80. I could see it … (at, on) a glance that he’d had a good deal of experience with cars.

81. He came to me … (–, on, in) a hot afternoon and said he would join … (with, to, –) a group of tourists going … (to, at, –) the mountains.

82. All people stand … (up, for, up for) peace and justice … (among, between, –) nations.

83. A new house is surrounded … (by, with, at) the garden.

84. Answer … (to, on, –) my question promptly (without, by, with) delay.

85. The flat is heated … (with, by, in) the central heating, so it’s usually warm here even … (on, in, at) a cold day.

86. He asked … (for, about, –) cigarettes saying that he had run … (out, of, out of) money to buy them.

87. Don’t come … (to, at, –) my place tonight. I’m short … (for, of, –) time.

88. This writer’s books are always popular … (with, among, by) the readers.

89. Ann is very good … (on, at, with) English. She helps me … (on, with, to) grammar.

90. Don’t turn … (on, of, off) the radio. I want to listen … (–, to, by) the music.

91. They arrived … (in, at, to) London … (in, on, at) the 14^th of April and left … (to, for, at) Oxford … (in, on, at) June. They will be back only … (during, in, after) a month.

92. Why are you shouting … (at, on, –) him? – Because he never pays attention … (at, to, for) what I tell … (–, to, with) him.

93. The doctor asked me if I could take care … (at, of, for) my friend as there was nobody else but me who could look … (after, at, for) him while his parents were … (at, for, on) holiday.

94. I apologized … (for, at, to,) Ann … (to, for, at) keeping her late.

95. Who is responsible in your family … (to, for, about) washing the dishes … (after, during, before) dinner?

96. Our neighbours were angry … (with, at, for) us … (for, by, with) our playing music loudly yesterday. They say our parents have not brought us … (up, –, of) properly.

97. Everybody … (in, at, into) the office … (except, besides, apart) the boss comes to work … (on, by, in) foot.

98. The police were … (after, for) the criminal but … (in, on) vain, he managed to escape.

99. He broke away … (from, of, off) them … (under, on, for) some vague pretext.

100. His wife was attached … (at, to, –) him, and dependent … (from, to, on) him.

СОЮЗ

The Conjunction

Союзами называются служебные слова, которые употребляются для соединения членов предложения и самих предложений. Союзы делятся на простые (and, if, that), производные (although, before) и составные (as well as, both ... and).

По выполняемой ими роли в предложении союзы делятся на сочинительные и подчинительные.

К наиболее употребительным сочинительным союзам относятся and – и, a; but – но, or – или, as well as – также как (и), both ... and – как ... так и, either ... or – или .... или, neither ... nor – ни ... ни, not only ... but also – не только ... но и.

Сочинительные союзы соединяют однородные члены и предложения:

There is a vase with flowers and a glass of water on the table.	На столе стоит ваза с цветами и стакан воды.
There were many people on the platform and all of them were trying to get into the train.	На платформе было много народу, и все пытались попасть в поезд.

Подчинительные союзы соединяют главное предложение с придаточными:

а) подлежащими (that)

That she won't come is sure.

To, что она не придет, не вызывает сомнения.

б) сказуемыми (if, whether)

The question is if(whether) she will come.

Вопрос в том, придет ли она.

в) дополнительными (that)

She said that she wouldn't come.

Она сказала, что не придет.

г) определительными (which, that, who)

Here is the man who has spoken to you over the phone.

Вот тот человек, который разговаривал с вами по телефону.

д) обстоятельственными: времени (after, before, when, while, since, until, till, as), условия (if, whether, unless), места (where), причины (as, because), образа действия (as, as if, as though), цели (lest, so ... that, in order that), сравнительными (as ... as, than):

As it was hot we decided to have a swim.	Так как было жарко, мы решили искупаться.
If I have money I shall go to the restaurant.	Если у меня будут деньги, я пойду в ресторан.
You'll ask her about it when she returns.	Вы спросите у нее об этом, когда она вернется.