Упражнения

Ex. 1. Identify the type of each sentence: a) declarative, imperative, interrogative or exclamatory; b) simple or complex.

1. Money is used for buying or selling goods. 2. There exists a strong human relation between father and child. 3. Alla wants to have his hair cut. 4. I wish you were lucky. It was clear that we got lost in the dark. 5. Could you tell me how to get the railway station, please. 6. Study nature, observe it and you’ll understand that it needs your love and protection. 7. Don’t interrupt me, please. 8. Let’s have a short rest. 9. You can't speak English well if you don't know grammar rules. 10. How long does it take you to get to your class? 11. What can I do for you? 12. Are you leaving tonight or tomorrow morning? 13. What about the future? 14. You won’t be long, will you? 15. How great to have your meals cooked for you! 16. How boring the world would be if we were all alike! 17. What a surprise! 18. What a mess!

Word order

Ex. 2. Make up declarative sentences putting the words below in the right word order (subject+predicative+object+modifiers).

1. Oxford street/along/are moving/we.

2. British buses/all/double-decked/red/and/are.

3. all the street/at night/by electricity/are lit.

4. Washington, D. C./the capital of the USA/became, on December 1, 1880.

5. yesterday evening to go/we decided/to the disco.

6. everything/you’ll find/of the highest quality/in Bond Street.

7. in Westminster Abbey/many/have been buried/great men/in England.

8. he/two more men/whom/behind the house/notice/did.

9. a well developed/Britain/industrial country/is.

10. it/to study French/is/difficult?

11. his mind/Brian/easily/change/doesn’t.

12. merrily/after/the birds/the silent days of winter/sang.

Ex. 3. Identify the type of each interrogative sentence.

1. Are you all right? 2. Is there a lake or a river not far away? 3. Who has phoned you? 4. What is there in the basket? 5. What language do you learn? 6. What films do you like? 7. Which of them is your boyfriend? 8. How old are your parents? 9. What number did you dial? 10. How are you? 11. Whose house needs repairing. 12. When did he arrive? 13. You are my neighbour, aren’t you? 14. Are you going there alone or with Kate? 15. Would it make a difference to you if your boss is a man or a woman?

Ex. 4. Give short positive and negative answers to the following general questions.

а)	Am I right? Is there any butter on the plate? Was the weather fine? Will they be at home in the evening?	Yes, you are./No, you aren't. Yes, there is some./No, there isn't any. Yes, it was./No, it wasn't. Yes, they will./No, they won't.
b)	Have you (got) a sister? Do you have dinner at two? Does he have to excuse himself? Have you done your homework? Do you think they’ll come in time?	Yes, I have./No, I haven't (got). Yes, I do./No, I don't, Yes, he does./No, he doesn't. Yes, I have./No, I haven't. Yes, I do./No, I don’t (think so). Yes, they will./No, they won’t (come in time).
c)	Can you come tomorrow? Must I follow your ad vice? May I smoke here? Is he to leave for Paris? Do you have to take pills?	Yes, I can./No, I can't. Yes, you must./No, you needn't. Yes, you may./No, you may not. Yes, he is./No, he isn't. Yes, I do./No, I don’t.
d)	Does he like animals? Did you come home late yesterday? Will he ring you up?	Yes, he does./No, he doesn't. Yes, I did./No, I didn't. Yes, he will./No, he won't.
e)	Don’t you think he looks like me? Isn’t he quiet? Don’t you want to watch that film? Can’t you ride a bicycle? Doesn’t he speak English well!	Yes, I think he does. Yes, he doesn’t cry very much. Yes, I’d love to./No, I don’t. Yes, I can./I’m sorry, I can’t. Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.

Ex. 4. Make up disjunctive questions.

Model: Ann knew it, didn't she?

You can't swim, can you?

He is happy, isn't he?

There is no bread at home. 1. It's cold. 2. Tom has a car. 3. You can drive. 4. He should have driven slowly. 5. He plays well. 6. I was right. 7. You did it yourself. 8. You won't be long. 9. They needn't pay. 10. They aren't allowed to play cards. 11. She doesn't know you. 12. We shan't be here. 13. You hear me. 14. Professor N. lectures on mathematics. 15. You understood him easily. 16. She will talk to the teacher. 17. You have a sister.

Ex. 5. Analyze the use of tags in the following disjunctive questions.

I am – aren’t I? I am older than you, aren’t I? Imperative – will/won’t you? Open the window, will/won’t you? Have a drink, won’t you? Let’s – shall we? Let’s have a party, shall we? Let smb. do smth – will/won’t you? Let me do it myself, will/won’t you? Let me help you, will you/won’t you? Let us do smth – shall we? Let’s go there together, shall we? Don’t – will you? Don’t make any noise, will you? There is/are – isn’t/aren’t there? There is some milk in the cup, isn’t there? It/this/that is – isn’t it? This is your umbrella, isn’t it? It is your bike, isn’t it? That is a dog, isn’t it?

Everyone/Someone/Anyone/ No one – they? Someone is knocking at the door, aren’t they? Subordinate clauses You know it’s Dad’s birthday on Friday, don’t you? You have (got) – haven’t you? You have got a Mercedes, haven’t you? I have – don’t I? You have some free time, don’t you? You have a new car, don’t you? Negative sentences Nothing happened, did it? Modal verbs It shouldn’t cost that much, should it? She can swim, can’t she? It may rain, mightn’t it? You won’t tell them, will you? He’d like that, wouldn’t he? We needn’t come, need we? We mustn’t make noise, must we? We have to work harder, don’t we? She needs to be there, doesn’t she?

Ex. 6. Ask questions to the words in italics.

1. I’ve known him for many years. 2. He works at the library every Saturday. 3. Our teacher always speaks English in class. 4. Our lessons usually last two hours. 5. His sister works for “Philips”. 6. They are discussing this question now. 7. My friend is a teacher. 8. He was in Brest last week. 9. Doctor Petrov spoke to me about my son’s health. 10. The U.K. exports industrial goods to all parts of the worlds. 11. In Wales many people speak Welsh, not English, in daily life. 12. The local shop opens at 8 a.m. 13. I know only a few people in this group. 14. I have done correctly only half of the exercise.

Ex. 7. Answer the questions.

Who lives next door to you? Who sent you a message? Who spoke to you yesterday? What begins at 8 o'clock? What is there on the wall? What happened to him? What do you do on Sundays? What do you need? Whom do you often visit? Who do you depend on? Whose umbrella is that? What countries have you been so far? Which of the Christie’s novels is your favourite?

Which of these blouses do you like best? What colour is your new coat? What kind of books do you prefer? What size do you wear? (large or small) When did the film start? How long have your parents been married? How often do you go shopping? How did Tom get home? Why do you want to leave? How old are you? How far is it to the border? How fast can you run? How many sisters and brothers have you got? How much money did you spend?

Sentence elements

Ex. 8. Find the subject of the sentence. Say what it is expressed by.

1. Water is necessary for life. 2. The station was not far away. 3. Tony looks upset. 4. I took my coat to the cleaner’s. 5. It gets on my nerves. 6. This is a book. It is on the shelf. 7. Is it a cake? It doesn’t look like a cake. 8. It happened in England many years ago. 9. It was a great idea to send me to London to learn English. 10. It’s 6 o’clock. 11. It took me a long time to accept the fact that they were gone. 12. It was Amy who took him to school for the first time. 13. It is only in the course of the last hundred years that English has become a world language. In Shakespeare’s time it was a “provincial” language of secondary importance with only 6 million native speakers. Now in a number of speakers (400 million) it is second only to Chinese. 14. They say it is useful to read books. 15. Hers was the final word. 16. Somebody phoned you. 17. One should agree that English is not an easy language to learn. 18. One needn't go to the post-office to send a letter today. 19. The rich and the poor all want to be happy. 20. The blind usually walk with white sticks. 21. Fife is a cardinal number. 22. Hundreds of young specialists begin working in different branches of economy every year. 23. The 12 o’clock morning train is very convenient. 24. Eating out in a restaurant is very popular in Britain. 25. Smoking is not allowed here. 26. To smoke is harmful. 27. To rebuild the city after the war was difficult. 28. To send letters from one community to another was necessary even in ancient times. 29. Look at the sky and it will tell you about the weather. 30. There are a lot of one-parent families nowadays. 31. The advantages of modern life are clear to everyone. 32. The most entertaining surface in the world is the face of a man. 33. What made my visit to this market so special is that the whole market is on a canal. 34. The Brest Fortress heroic deed is known all over the world. 35. The most dreadful fate that I can imagine would be that of growing up as an only child. 36. All of my friends hadn’t felt perfectly happy for many reasons. 37. What I like best in the world is travelling. 38. So, the best way to keep the house is to split the job among the family members so that every member could do his bit of homework. 39. The Brest Fortress heroic deed is known all over the world.

Ex. 9. Remember the use of the phrase «и я тоже (не)» in affirmative and negative sentences.

I can swim well. – So can I.

I like to drive very fast. – So do I.

He is rich and famous. – So am I.

She enjoyed the party. – So did I.

I haven't had a holiday for two years. – Neither have I.

I don't understand English humour. – Neither do I.

I didn't see that film. – Neither did I.

I can’t come to the party. – Neither can I.

Ex. 10. State the function of “it” in the following sentences:

1. It is a fridge. It is new. 2. It’s a fine day today, isn’t it? 3. It is Friday. 4. It is my room. It is comfortable and I like it very much. 5. It is very wet today. It is impossible to go out. 6. It is foolish to drive when it is foggy and rainy. 7. It’s nearly 11 p. m. It’s time to go to bed. 8. It’s important to know all details. 9. It’s easy to understand why she is absent. 10. It’s a pity you can’t join us. 11. It is not necessary to go there. 12. It was the year when he made his famous discovery. 13. It was Mendeleev who discovered the Periodic Law of Elements. 14. It’s my pleasure. 15. It’s up to you to decide. 16. I’ve heard about it today. 17. I work as a teacher. It is very interesting. 18. It can’t be true. I can’t believe it. 19. It’s going to be a beautiful day.

Ex. 11. Use either “it is/was/seems” or “there is/was/existed/appeared/seemed/came” in the following sentences.

1. … a gas-stove. … a gas-stove in the kitchen. 2. … thick fog yesterday … usually a lot of accidents in such weather. 3. … a lot of ports in the Atlantic ocean. 4. … only one way out of the situation. 5. … a railway road connecting these two towns. 6. … time to go home, … a lot of work to do. 7. … no place like home. 8. … not true to say that she is a close friend of mine. 9. … a point of view that Columbus didn’t discover America. 10. … to be many people who approved of the speaker’s suggestion. 11. … a storm of applause. 12. Everybody stood up and continued clapping for some minutes.. 13. … different types of housing in Britain: terraced house, a detached house, country cottages, a bungalow etc. 14. When the car came to the door, … turned out that there was no room in it for us all. 15. … numerous classrooms, computer classrooms and laboratories there. 16. Esperanto has the advantage that … no exceptions to rules. 17. … really important that you do a few exercises first thing in the morning: it makes your body feel good and keeps the muscles firm. 18. 9. … that for many people, their grandparents were a very happy part of their childhood. 20. … times in our lives when everything seem to be going badly. 21. … estimated that the average American family moves about once every five years. 22. … a lot of one-parent families today. 23. … to start melting. 24. … important to answer the letter at once. 25. … clear that something had happened. 26. … because of the weather that we stayed at home.

Ex. 12. Find the predicate in each sentence. Say what it is expressed by.

1. Airplanes carry passengers to various parts of the world. 2. She broke the Olympic record last year. 3. Their team has never been defeated. 4. Things began to go wrong. 5. The sportsman was disqualified in the race. 6. People in English speaking countries try to avoid imposing will on somebody else. 7. The street was narrow and busy with Saturday afternoon shoppers. 8. Sometimes you feel depressed and suffer from despair and can’t cope with problems. 9. I was one of six children. 10. In American families children are taught to be independent at an early age. 11. Home is the stage where the drama of life is played. 12. Some of my friends are art lovers. They attend concert halls, exhibitions, enjoy world famous paintings, rare sculptures, visit theatres regularly. 13. The alarm rings, and rings, and rings. 33. What they find extremely difficult to do is to allow their child to grow up independently, to make his own mistakes and learn from them. 14. During the school week I get so tired that I allow myself to relax. 15. Igor Moiseyev was the director of the Folk Dance Ensemble. 16. Nottingham is Minsk's twinned city. 17. F. Marc Chagall is a Belarusian-born French painter, printmaker and designer. 18. Greenpeace is the world's largest environmental group. 19. Once, she decided that she wanted to learn to drive. 20. I was hungry, tired, angry, and frustrated. 21. One should agree that English is not an easy language to learn. 22. It’s difficult to learn two languages. 23. All I want is getting out of here. 24. Antarctica is a snow-covered continent. 25. This lovely cottage is 500 years old. 26. He stopped smiling and looked at me in surprise. 27. Jim offered to pay for my ticket.

Ex. 13. Agree the subject and the predicate in person and number.

a)

1. Friends is/are an important part of life. 2. Libraries is/are one of the marks of civilization. 3. Climates don’t/doesn’t remain the same. 4. Everyone agree/agrees that education means a better life. 5. There was/were some year ago 21 state higher educational establishments and 9 private institutions in the city of Minsk. 6. Governments pay/pays for public schools. 7. I opened my suitcase. The clothes inside was/were not mine. 8. Gymnastics is/are a part of children's daily activity in the kindergartens. 9. The Beatles was/ were a highly influential English rock band from Liverpool. 10. The Beatles are/is excellent singers. 11. Romeo and Juliet is/are written by Shakespeare. 12. Matisse and Picasso is/are two of the twentieth century’s most influential artists. 13. Meadows, woods and even a friendly stream lie/lies within walking distance of our home. 14. The secretary or the assistant has to/have to report me. 15. Neither the children nor their father know/knows the time of Tom’s arrival. 16. Neither Mike nor his friends support/supports this baseball team. 17. Everyone was/were exited. 18. A number of graduates have/has received scholarships from this department. 19. The winner of the award is/are to be chosen. 20. Those scissors was/were mine. 21. The police is/are on the alert for the escaped convict. 22. Most of our furniture is/are in storage. 23. All of the money was/were stolen. 24. Tom and his cousins belong/belongs to the club. 25. A pile of newspapers was/were stored in there. 26. My handwriting and spelling has /have improved. 27. The trousers you bought doesn’t/don’t fit you. They are/It is too short for you. 28. Physics was/were my best subject at school. – Really? But I think mathematics is/are much easier than physics.

b)

1. Fortunately the news wasn’t/weren’t as bad as we had expected. 2. The police want/wants to interview me about the robbery. 3. Three days isn’t/aren’t long enough for a good holiday. 4. Where does/do your family live? ~ All my family live/lives with me. 5. Does/do the police know about the stolen money? 6. Can I borrow your scissors? Mine isn’t/aren’t sharp enough. 7. I’m going to take a taxi. Six miles is/are too far for me to walk. 8. The danger of forest fires is/are very serious for the environment. 9. The roots of the family date/dates back to prehistoric times. 10. The fear of the murder and robbery has/have caused many people to leave big cities. 11. The effects of that crime was/were very devastating for the city. 12. Fifty dollars is/are too much to pay for these trousers. 13. Mr Smith accompanied by his wife and daughter is/are arriving tonight. 14. The doctor and his assistant have/has already finished their work. 15. The majority believe/believes him to be innocent. 16. Neither Bill nor Mary is/are going to the party tonight. 17. Neither Jane nor her parents was/were at home. 18. The mass media, TV and the press have/has enormous power in any society. 19. The USA is/are a big and powerful country. 20. Your advice was/were very useful. I usually use your advice/advices when I’m in trouble/troubles. 21. Money isn’t/aren’t everything in my life but it is difficult to live without it/them. 22. More than 50 % is/are the majority. 23. Five and five equal/equals ten. 24. Statistics show/shows that society is becoming more violent. 25. Another half an hour is/are enough to finish my work. 26. Meadows, woods and even a friendly stream lie/lies within walking distance of our home. 27. One of the most significant changes nowadays is/are that millions of children are being brought up by only one parent, usually the mother. 28. Every boy and girl goes/go to school in our country.

Ex. 14. Analyze the structure of the sentences: (simple, compound, complex). State the type of the subordinate clause. Pay attention to the conjunction that joins two sentences together.

1. Dr. Francysk Skaryna founded the first Belarusian publishing house. 2. I can’t remember where I parked my car. 3. I am happy to be young and I love spending most of my time out of home. 4. Parents bring up children and they create a friendly home atmosphere. 5. I generally go to school by subway, but the subway is always crowded, so I don't often get a seat. 6. My father was English, my mother was Scottish and I visited Scotland recently with the desire to discover something about my Scottish ancestors. 7. I always thought that my family was different from other families. 8. The laws control who is allowed into pubs. 9. When I was two years old, my parents separated and my mother, sister, and I went to live with my grandparents. 10. After my grandfather and mother left for work and my sister left for school, granny came to wake me up. 11. When traveling by air you have to get to the airport early in order to check in about an hour before your flight. 10. When we think of soccer, we must think of Pele, the world’s greatest soccer player. 12. Although Miguel and I both like cars, clothes, girls, and sports, we have different personalities, interests, and goals. 13. Even though I have too much extracurricular overload at school, I have enough time to just hang around (слоняться) and do what I please. 14. The child discovers soon that even if he does eat sandwiches with dirty hands, or unripe apples that have fallen from the tree, he may not be sick in the night. 15. Even as a little kid, I knew that every day with Granny was extraordinary. 16. Even if you classify yourself as a “couch potato”, you may still enjoy watching basketball, gymnastics, or ice skating on television. 17. I knew that my great-grandfather had written a book about his experiences as a young minister in Canada, so I went to the National Library in Edinburgh to find out if they had a copy. 18. As there are no stairs, many older people dream of going to live in a bungalow when they retire. 19. As we grew older our lessons became more instructive and serious. 20. When they become adults, most children leave their parents’ house and set up their own households even though they are not married. 21. If the matchmaker proves that the horoscope says that the signs are good for the young people, the two families ask the gods for their help. 22. The lawyers should help those people who committed an error to find the right road in their life. 23. This is where we did our homework. 24. I think it's really important that you do a few exercises first thing in the morning: it makes your body feel good and keeps the muscles firm. 25. Food, clothing, and their new house cost more than he makes. 26. The roots of the family date back to prehistoric times. 27. Mother doesn't like fishing, and also it was a little cold and fresh out of doors and Father was rather afraid that Mother might take cold if she came.

Ex. 15. Translate into English.

1. Около университета стоят красивые молодые девушки, вероятно, студентки. 2. Эту работу выполняют только мужчины. 3. Студенты ежедневно занимаются в библиотеке. 4. На этой улице находятся театр, магазин и много офисов. 5. Мои братья работают в соседнем городе. 6. Окна этой комнаты выходят во двор. 7. Гостиничные номера здесь очень дорогие. 8. Здесь работает моя мать и две ее сестры. 9. Картины этого художника всем известны. 10. Здесь лежат старые тетради моей сестры. 11. Дети играют в саду. 12. Девушки разговаривают по телефону. 13. В этом подвале много мышей. 14. Стадо овец и коров пасется на лугу. 15. Мальчики играют во дворе. 16. В больших городах оживленное движение. 17. Можно сказать, что все любят кино. 18. Следует съедать одну морковку в день. 19. Каждый должен знать свой долг. 20. Эту книгу нигде невозможно достать. 21. Каждый учится на своем собственном опыте. 22. Того, кто преподает, называют учителем. 23. Необходимо быть осторожным, переходя дорогу. 24. Именно моя сестра рассказала мне об этом. 25. Трое из них были вооружены. 26. Я ничего не слышала, так как была гроза.

TEST

a) Choose the correct form, singular or plural.

1. The trousers you bought doesn’t/don’t fit you. They are/It is too short for you.

2. Physics was/were my best subject at school. – Really? But I think mathematics is/are much easier than physics.

3. Where does/do your family live? – All my family live/lives with me.

4. England has/have lost all the football matches this season.

5. Can I borrow your scissors? Mine isn’t/aren’t sharp enough.

6. Mr Smith accompanied by his wife and daughter is/are arriving tonight.

7. The doctor and his assistant have/has already finished their work today.

8. The mass media, TV and the press have/has enormous power in any society.

9. When is/are the daily news on? – They are/It is on every hour on channel A.

10. The play is/are witty and the cast is/are wonderful. The cast is/are all amateurs.

11. A very strange phenomenon was/were observed by astronomers yesterday.

12. The nurse’s wages is/are good.

13. Two is/are company, but three is/are a crowd.

14. I have a country house. It is/are two kilometers to the city.

15. Neither chapter one nor chapter two was/were difficult.

16. The number of small businesses is/are still at a low level.

17. The police want/wants to interview me about the robbery.

18. In schools the prevalent mode of student-teacher interaction is/are lessons.

19. Do you believe that the youth of today is/are cynical.

20. The majority of divorced people marry/marries again.

21. Here comes/come a taxi.

b) Define the subject group in each sentence.

1. One should have courage to defend one's point of view.

2. All I know about grammar is its power.

3. The preconditions of a successful lecture are as follow.

4. Only a few managed to cross the rives.

5. Who knows how to work, knows how to rest.

6. Lots of the most popular advertisements at the moment are happy, clappy, fun.

7. What parents find extremely difficult to do is to allow their child at his on pace.

c) Translate into English.

1. Это карандаш. Он зеленый. Именно этот карандаш я использовал на уроке.

2. Это смешной короткий рассказ. Он интересный? – Да.

3. Квартира небольшая, но уютная.

4. Важно ответить на это письмо сразу же.

5. Необходимо повторить весь грамматический материал.

6. Поздняя осень. Идет сильный дождь.

7. В доме есть лифт. Там есть также мусоропровод (chute).

8. В году 12 месяцев. Сколько дней в январе?

9. Нужно быть внимательным переходя дорогу.

10. Необходимо заниматься спортом. Вы будете сильным и здоровым.

11. Сегодня хороший день. В такой день приятно бродить по лесу.

12. Дома нет никого, не так ли?

13. Жаль, что ты не можешь поехать с нами.

14. Никогда не откладывай на завтра, то, что можешь сделать сегодня.

15. Именно Менделеев сделал это открытие.

16. Мертвым уже не нужна помощь.

d) Put the words in brackets in the right word order.

1. We arrived, ... (on Sunday morning at the station, at the station on Sunday morning).

2. My father goes for a walk ... (in the nearest park, on Sundays, always).

3. Can you come ... (at six o’clock to my office, to my office at six o’clock)?

WORD BUILDING

The Noun

Наиболее распространенными словообразовательными суффиксами и префиксами существительных являются следующие:

a)

-er/-or	teacher, editor, actor	-ism	heroism, modernism
-ist	scientist, artist, typist	-ant/ent	assistant, servant, student
-ess	actress, hostess, tigeress	-ence	conference, difference
-sion	revision, discussion	-ance	importance, tolerance
-ment	movement, development	-ty	cruelty, activity
-ance	importance, distance	-al	arrival, refusal
-(t)ion	translation, attention	-ing	building, painting
-ity	majority, complexity, activity	-dom	freedom, kingdom
-y	difficulty, energy, astrology	-a/o/ery	dictionary, factory
-ian	physician, politician	-ard	drunkard
-hood	childhood, brotherhood	-ure	pressure, culture
-ship	friendship, leadership	-ness	happiness, darkness
-age	marriage, passage, sausage	-ee	employee, addressee
-ese	(the)Japanese, Chinese	-ine	heroine
		-th	truth, strength

b)

re-	reconstruction, remake	in-	inability
co-	coexistence, coauthor	im-	impossibility
dis-	disagreement, disarmament	un-	unemployment
mis-	misunderstanding	il-	illiteracy

Ex. 1. Analyze the morphological structure of the words below:

Model: un-will-ing-ness

Direction, construction, concentration, illiteracy, collection, socialism, capitalism, heroism, majority, popularity, musician, unemployment, dishonesty, technician, neighbourhood, misfortune, disagreement, emptiness, cleverness, appointment, payment, understanding, cooperation, coexistence, information, reform, misunderstanding, immorality, sister-in-law, impossibility, unwillingness, behead.

Ex. 2. Form compound nouns according to the model.

Model 1: a house, a wife  a housewife

a post, a man	a chair, a man	a boy, a friend	a tape, a recorder
a week, an end	a bed, a room	a baby, sitter	an eye, lashes
news, paper	air, a craft	a basket, a ball	sun, glasses
a class, a room	a side, a board	rain, a coat	time, a table
a birth, a day	a hotel, a keeper	an ear, a phone	a motor, a way
home, work	a business, a man	beef, a stake	an arm, a chair

Model 2: an address, a book – an address book

a mother, a tongue human, being blood, pressure a car, a park a heart, an attack

an animal, a life a baby, a sitter air, conditionier French, fries a compact, a disc

youth, a hostel a kitchen, a table plastic, a bag common, sense mineral, water

a can, an opener first, aid to dine, a room human, rights sports, a car

a pen, a friend alarm, a clock a film, a star tomato, ketchup reading, a hall

Ex. 3. Explain the meaning of the following compounds.

three-piece suit	one-parent family	ready-made meal
dancing-shoes	air-traffic control	time-tested machine
fast-selling product self-service store	home-grown vegetables partly-baked rolls	face-to-face approach time-wasting activity

Ex.4. Read and translate the following sentences. Form nouns from the underlined words.

Model: My father works at a plant. He is a worker.

1. My father drives very well. He is a …

2. Mary plays the piano well. She is a …

3. My mother teaches English. She is a …

4. My friend studies history. He will be a …

5. David plays chess very well. He is a good …

6. Beethoven composed many great pieces of music. He was a great …

7. He has been studying music for years. He is a …

8. Mr. Brown comments on football matches. He is a …

9. He takes photographs. He is a …

10. It washes dishes. It is a …

11. Harry designs roads, bridges and machines. He is a …

12. He acts in films and plays. He is an …

13. His profession is journalism. He is a …

14. My friend smokes a lot. He is a …

15. My brother donates blood to sick people. He is a …

16. Nick assists the manager. He is an …

Ex. 5. Complete the chart with the correct noun.

CLUE	NOUN
the thing we make when we build the quality of being important the period when you are a child the feeling of being excited the state of being happy the act of dividing something the thing we open tins with he is forced to seek refugee in a new country something we do when we are active the state or fact of being great	a building

Ex. 6. Form nouns denoting people.

account	art	guitar	support	novel	direct
invent	edit	science	inspect	supervise	serve
organize	report	conduct	lie	jump	violin
biology crime	type murder	material prison	economy industry	manage cash	style comedy

-er employer, …

-or author, …

-ant participant, …

-ent resident, …

-ist chemist, …

Ex. 7. Form nouns of the opposite gender.

Model: male – female

poet – … host – … lion – … actor – …

tiger – … steward – … prince – … head-master – …

man-doctor – … man-director –… man-driver – … man-servant –…

boyfriend – … schoolgirl – … salesgirl – … barman – …

widow – … witch – … hero – … businessman–…

Ex. 8. Form nouns from the verbs listed.

Admit, develop, decorate, depart, connect, accept, divide, agree, achieve, astonish, collect, create, decide, direct, build, dance, employ, encourage, entertain, educate, tempt, imagine, improve, govern, say, suggest, insure, prefer, apply, invite, produce, propose, protect, draw, dress, replace, resist, retire, press, survive, dictate, permit, argue.

-ment arrangement, …

-ance reference, …

-ion prediction, …

-tion description, …

-(s)sion conclusion, …

-ation pronunciation, …

-al arrival, …

-ing beginning, …

-ure pleasure, …

The nouns in the list do not follow the above pattern.

advise – advice behave – behaviour believe – belief (beliefs) fly – flight high – height weigh – weight grow – growth

hate – hatred know – knowledge live – life (lives) lose – loss choose – choice complain – complaint die – death

practise – practice prove – proof (proofs) serve – service speak – speech think – thought

Ex. 9. Form nouns from the adjectives listed.

Beautiful, ugly, certain, dark, happy, absent, aware, brilliant, careless, efficient, fluent, formal, important, lonely, nervous, weak, patient, polite, popular, effective, accurate, convenient, confident, democrat, a hundred, frequent, empty, confident, possible, present, private, proficient, mad, cold, real, rude, secure, selfish, significant, simple, similar, stupid, tidy, tired, bright, backward, emerge, insure, clumsy, silent, cruel, curious, elegant, equal, foolish, perfect, quiet, sad, shy, sick.

-ness kindness, … -ance arrogance, … -ence violence,

-ity ability, … -cy accuracy, … -th sixtieth,

The nouns in the list do not follow the above patterns.

deep – depth free – freedom high – height hot – heat

long – length poor – poverty proud – pride strong – strength

young – youth warm – warmth wide – width wise – wisdom

Ex. 10. Add more examples of nouns from the words listed.

Relation, neighbour, friend, professor, member, citizen, king, dictator, craftsman, brother, sportsman, bore, wise, sponsor, fellow, mother, leader, owner.

-ship friendship, …

-hood childhood, …

-dom freedom, …

Ex. 11. Form nouns with the help of the negative prefixes below:

Ability, balance, belief, fortune, employment, connection, politeness, honesty, difference, qualification, fortune, dependence, behaviour, comfort, importance, security, satisfaction, advantage, patience, fortune, certainty, experience, happiness, respect, rest, similarity.

im- immorality, …

un- unawareness, …

in- inequality, …

mis- misunderstanding, …

dis- disagreement, …

Ex. 12. Use the word given at the end of each line to form a noun that fits the gap.

On Saturday we had a long … about where to go for our summer holidays.	discuss
Whose…was it to make sure the bills were paid?	responsible
There is a…of a new earthquake in the region.	possible
She went through a long period of…when she lost her job.	depress
The…of the bomb was heard several kilometres away.	explode
What made you choose law as a…?	profess
If you don't do more…before the exam, you're not going to pass,	revise
Scientists have made an important…about why we grow old.	discover
The actor gave the finest…of her career.	perform
There has been an increase in the…of bank-robberies lately,	frequent
This insurance plan can offer your family financial…in case of death or accident.	secure
The … of people in this city live in flats because it's cheaper.	major

A Formal Letter

Dear Sir or Madam, I read your … (1) in International Business magazine and I am writing for more information concerning entry … (2) for the course in English Language … (3). Could you tell me what language … (4) are required? I do not possess the First Certificate and would like to know if … (5) on the course depends on having the FCE? In fact, as I am an … (6) for an international … (7) company I would be interested in a course which focuses on language … (8) for both social and … (9) purposes. I would also like to know the … (10) from the college to London and if … (11) at all classes is obligatory, or whether an occasional…(12) for purposes of travel be acceptable. I look forward to hearing from you.

advertise require, improve qualify accept account, invest develop, busy distant attend, absent

Yours faithfully,

Nelson Fernandez.

Globalisation

It is no exaggeration to say that the world has become a global village. Modern methods of…(1) have made the world much smaller and the problems we face such as…(2) are not restricted to this country. The…(3) of the rainforests in Brazil is everyone's problem and the…(4) which is common in many African countries is a challenge for Europe too. The… (5) of rare species is a tragedy for the planet as a whole and the…(6) of oil supplies will shake the…(7) of the world's economy, The…(8) of the environment is the responsibility of all nations, rich and poor. However, uncontrolled economic… (9) between strong and weak nations leads to the… (10) of greater inequality between the rich and poor nations of the world.

exaggerate communicate pollute, destroy starve extinct exhaust, found protect compete create

The Adjectives

Наиболее характерными суффиксами и префиксами прилагательных являются следующие:

a) -ful	careful, useful, hopeful	-en	wooden,woolen, silky/silken
-less	hopeless, useless, careless	-ed	strong-willed, talented
-ous	famous, dangerous, glorious	-ic	historic, poetic, atomic
-ant/ent	important, dependent	-y	rainy, silvery, dirty, windy
able/ible	hospitable, possible	-ly	lovely, homely, friendly
-ary/ory	ordinary, satisfactory	-al	cultural, central, formal
-ive	impressive, effective, active	-ish	foolish, childish, British
-ing	interesting, charming	-ian	Belarusian, Italian
b) un-	unhappy, uncomfortable	ir-	irregular, irrational
in-	independent, indirect	il-	illiterate, illegal, illogical
im-	impossible, immortal	dis-	discouraging, disappointing
non-	non-governmental, non-native	mis-	misshapen, mistaken
c) sub-	subconscious, submissive	pre-	pre-revolutionary, pre-war
ultra-	ultra-short, ultra-modern	post-	post-war, postmeridian
super-	super-sound, super-speed	trans-	transcontinental, transatlantic
hyper	hyperactive, hypersensitive	inter-	international, interdisciplinary
a-	alive, alone, amoral	counter-	counterrevolutionary

Ex. 1. Form adjectives from the nouns listed.

truth peace power sun delight agriculture alphabet

courage glory danger rain meaning ambition democracy

music poetry region luck thought end envy

delight sin humour fog colour doubt health

help hope home care beauty rest hunger

industry centre nation wood wool harm mystery nerve

silver silk stone anger type economy

-ful useful, …

-less useless, …

-ous famous, …

-al cultural, …

-y dirty, …

-en golden, …

-ic historic, …

Ex. 2. State the difference in meaning between the highlighted words.

1. Careful? Certainly not, she was really careless!

2. I thought the injection would be painless, but it was extremely painful.

3. He took swimming lessons he knew that if he fell in the water he’d be completely helpless. The swimming teacher was really helpful.

4. It wasn’t very tactful of you to mention her divorce. How could you be so tactless?

5. Thank you for your postcard, it was very thoughtful of you to send it. I am on the contrary very forgetful and thoughtless.

6. Smoking is harmful for health but many smokers think it is harmless.

Ex. 3. Form adjectives of the nationalities from the words listed.

Europe, the Ukraine, Scandinavia, Australia, Portugal, Poland, Finland, Spain, India, Canada, Egypt, Iran, Chile, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Sweden, Rumania, Nigeria, Italy, Russia, Scotland, Germany, Poland, Japan.

-(i)an American, …

-ish English, …

-ese- Chinese, …

Remember: France – French, Switzerland – Swiss, Greece – Greek, Arab – Arabic, Israel – Jewish, Netherland – Dutch.

Ex. 4. Form adjectives from the verbs listed.

change differ depend act agree

amuse frighten understand create cure

eat response depend interest decide

lead move compare love enjoy

resist rely tolerate surprise predict

prevent suit talk value negate

-able available, …

-ible edible, …

-ing amazing, …

-ed amazed, …

-ant resistant, …

-ent insistent, …

-(t)ive talkative, …

Ex. 5. Form adjectives from the adjectives listed using some negative prefixes.

official happy known correct human experienced familiar mature

attractive finished married responsible expensive forgettable happy pleasant

patient mobile moral literate regular dependent formal important

different complete honest connected practical curable legal possible

essential mortal agreeable convenient tidy logical respectful

just satisfactory kind legible cooked conscious usual punctual

un- uncomfortable, …

in- incapable, ...

im- impossible, …

il- illegal, ...

ir- irrelevant, …

dis- disgraceful, …

Ex. 6. Form compound adjectives of participial origin:

Model: a man, make – man-made

a hand, make – well, know – high, born – broad, mind – old, fashion –

a heart, a break – one, an eye – home, grow – well, do – short, sight –

much, praise – new, repair – hard, boil – frost, bit – long, forget –

blue, an eye – long, a leg – fair, hair – kind, a heart – stone, build –

bad, temper – strong, will – a snake, skin – well, a dress – second, hand –

Ex. 7. Form compound adjectives with numerals according to the model.

Model: a man of twenty – a twenty-year-old man

a book of $ 10 – a ten-dollar book

a building of three-years a farm of fifty-acres

a car of two litres volume a meeting of four-hours

a ruler of twelve inches a hole of six-metres

a dress of $ 150 a distance of ten-miles

a bag of five kilos a walk of thirty-minutes

a car with four wheeles a house with nine-stores –

a car of $20 000 a woman of thirty years –

Ex. 8. Rewrite the following using compounds or adjectival forms.

Model 1: a shirt of cotton – a cotton shirt

a book which is written badly – a badly written book

silence like stone hair like silk a voice like silver a clock used in the kitchen eyes like glass a knife made of stainless steel nerves like steel a tile made of ceramic a note for fifty pounds a letter which has been waited for a long time

a city that has no pollution a course that lasts three years a woman who works hard a hotel with five stars a bus that has good ventilation the journey which takes three days the bag which weights five kilos the engine which is three litres the fence which is twenty miles the tunnel which is 50 kilometers

Model 2: to tear, a shirt – a torn shirt

to freeze, vegetables to run, water to complete, a manuscript;

to build well, a house to do well, meat to make with hands, a tool

Ex. 9. Form compound adjectives using these root words:

asleep, automatic, circle, defence, finished, morning, pity, respect, twenties, closed

half- half-open, …

semi- semi-permanent, …

mid- mid-way, …

self- self-confident, …

Ex. 10. Supply the right adjective from the italicized words.

Model: The story is full of humor. I’ve rarely read anything that’s so humorous.

1. I enjoyed his company greatly. It was just _____ .

2. This firm produced a lot in recent years. This firm has been very _____ in recent years.

3. Many years have passed but I recognized the place at once. It is _____ .

4. I don’t know where you find all that energy. You’re tremendously _____ .

5. I found a book easy and pleasant to read. It is _____ .

6. I don’t know how to describe the colour of the sky. It’s almost red, sort of _____.

7. I’d never met anyone who boasts as he does. He’s extremely _____ .

8. What level of radiation can be permitted? How much radiation is _____ .

9. I’m attracted by this man. I find him very _____ .

10. The child obeys his parents. He is an _____ child.

11. The Sun was shining brightly. It was a _____ day.

12. Everybody respected the man. He is a _____ man.

13. Bob hardly escaped the danger. The situation was very _____ .

14. Olaf hoped to earn fame for his book. Did he hope to become _____ ?

15. He sleeps on a bench in the park because he has no home. He is _____ .

16. The flood in India was a disaster. It was very _____ .

17. The soldier was given a medal for his courage. He was _____ .

Ex. 11. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate adjective made by adding the suffixes -ed, -ful, -ent, -ant, -able.

Model:

I need paper with lines for it. Could you get me some lined paper?

He helped them. He was very helpful.

Children depend on their parents. They are dependent on their parents.

I’m going to wash my new dress. I hope it’s washable.

a)

1. Mrs. Bosch has stripes on her skirt. She was wearing a _____ blouse.

2. The blouse has short sleeves, but I prefer a long _____ one.

3. Give me all the details, I need a _____ description.

4. There were crowds of people in the streets. The streets were _____ .

5. One man’s meat is another man’s poison. Don’t eat this meat, it maybe …

b)

1. I doubt if he was right. His story is very _____ .

2. She always cheers other people up. She is such a _____ person herself.

3. Ann is such a beauty. She resembles her _____ mother.

4. Parents need our care and concern. We are not always … to them.

5. Your report is of no use. It doesn’t contain any … information.

c)

1. This show differs from all the other shows I’ve seen this year. It’s so _____ .

2. Mr. Bogart has a lot of confidence in all he says and does. He is such a _____ person.

3. She likes independence. She is so _____ .

4. Tolerance is what we badly need. We should be very … of each other’s faults.

5. The importance to this discovery is difficult to overestimate. It is extremely …

d)

1. My friend enjoys driving, he found it an _____ experience.

2. You can rely on Peter, he is such a _____ person.

3. I wish I could agree with you, but it’s difficult to be _____ .

4. You can’t resist fashion. High platform boots were extremely … at one time.

5. While traveling I prefer comfort to speed. I think taxi is the most … way of travel.

Ex. 12. Use the word given at the end of each line to form an adjective that fits the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning.

A Breath of Fresh Air

The government has decided to take the (1) unpopular decision to ban smoking in a lot of public places. Though a lot of people find smoking (2)…and though experts all agree it is (3)…and that it costs the state a lot to treat victims of smoking, it is also (4) … that many people get pleasure from the habit and find smoking (5)…when they are in company. However, it is now (6)…to deny the anti-social nature of the habit. As advertising has proved (7)… with many smokers, the government has now made smoking (8)…in most public places. Smokers who are (9)…to stop smoking will be obliged to enjoy their pastime in private and may feel the new measures are (10)…but for passive smokers for whom a room full of smoke is (11)…they will come as a breath of fresh air.

popular please health deny resist possible effect law, ability justice, bear

The Verb

Наиболее характерные суффиксы глаголов:

-ate -en -ize -fy

to decorate, to separate, to educate, to nominate, to estimate, etc.; to lengthen, to widen, to deepen, to brighten, to strengthen, etc.; to memorize, to organize, to dramatize, to characterize, to sympathize; to purify, to satisfy, to justify, to clarify, to simplify, to falsify, etc.

Наиболее характерные префиксы глаголов:

re- dis- un- mis- under- over- de- be-

to rebuild, to reread, to rewrite, to recollect, to remake, etc.; to dislike, to disappear; to disprove, to discover, to disarm, etc.; to undo, to unwrap, to unpack, to unfreeze, etc.; to misunderstand, to mistrust, to mispronounce, to miscalculate, etc.; to underline, to undergo, to undertake, to undervalue, to underpay, etc; to overdo, to overload, to overplay, to overpraise, to overestimate, etc.; to decentralize, to demobilize, to demoralize, denationalize, etc.; to befall, to befriend, to behold, to behead, to betake, to beland, to befit.

Ex. 1. Form verbs from the nouns and adjectives listed.

character critic horror identity length memory subsidy sympathy

class fright ideal motive stimuli strength symbol terror

black bright false sharp weak wide

dark deaf deep real sweet worse

national pure real ripe simple

-en shorten, … -ize analyze, …

-ify identify, … -ate motivate, …

The verbs in the list below do not follow the above pattern:

bath – to bathe breath – to breathe belief – to believe courage – to encourage danger – to endanger pride – to pride (oneself) head – to behead

large – to enlarge life – to live proof – to prove relief – to relieve rich – to enrich warm – to warm cool – to cool

Ex. 2. Form verbs from the nouns and adjectives by conversion. Mind the stress.

Model: a) 'transport – to trans´port

b) 'broadcast – to 'broadcast

record – … protest – … present – … export – … import – … conduct – … suspect – … object – …

advice – … use – … cut – … work – … share – … sale – … cost – … fine – …

supply – … demand – … practice – … paint – … taste – … answer – … love – … look – …

Ex. 3. Form verbs from the verbs listed using some negative prefixes.

to tie to qualify to agree to believe

to do to understand to inherit to like

to screw to approve to lock to obey

to read to miss to pack to satisfy

to appear to arm to trust to spell

un- undo, …

dis- disagree, …

mis- mispronounce, …

Ex. 4. Use the words at the end of each line to form new words to fit in the spaces.

We were late because we … how long the bus would take. Many buildings had to be … after the earthquake in 1980. Most candidates suffer from … nerves, but some are … . I queued for ages at the checkout – that supermarket really is… . People who … often become … . I had to … the letter because the first draft was full of mistakes. He arrived late for work because he … .

estimate build exam, confident staff eat, weight write sleep

Ex. 5. Complete the word in each sentence with over- or under-.

1. The bus was … crowded so we have to take a taxi.

2. You should have turned off the meat before. It’s … done now.

3. The suit is not worth its price. it has been … priced.

4. The … lying causes of the problem are widely known.

5. What a terrible film. It’s really … rated in my view.

6. The first time I tried out my new bike I … balanced and fell off.

7. Don’t forget to give the door an … coat as well as a coat of gloss paint.

8. The bath … flowed and the water dripped through into the living room.

9. It is not as easy as all that. I think you are … simplifying the problem.

10. I apologise for the delay in sending your order but we are … staffed at present.

11. You can get to the other side of the road by going through this … pass.

12. The garden had been neglected and was … grown weeds.

Ex. 6. Add a prefix to the word at the end of each line to fit in the spaces.

Attempts to communicate in a foreign language can easily misfire. I’m always … by my attempts to get speak Greek. The waiter on Mykonos … what I wanted and instead of beetroots brought me mushrooms. I … mushrooms intensely but when I asked him to … them with beetroots he smiled, went into the kitchen and … with a plateful of aubergines. He also … my friendly attitude toward everyone I meet and when I complained that they had … the meat, Manuel (that was his name if I’m not … grinned and twirled his moustache. To cap it all, I … the bill and accused the poor man of … me! It was just my awful Greek again.

fire appoint understand, like place turn take cook, take read charge

Revision

Ex. 1. Form nouns of the following verbs.

To inhabit, to arrive, to invade, to conquer, to resist, to punish, to depart, to mix, to develop, to discover, to commemorate, to immigrate, to found, to occupy, to govern, to appoint, to oppose, to conclude, to elect, to declare, to use, to introduce, to pronounce, to appear, to invent, to expand, to extend, to create, to produce, to describe, to define, to divide, to identify, to complete, to refer, to reflect, to analyze.

Ex. 2. Translate the sentences and say how the prefixes mid-, half-, part-, self-, re-, over-, under-, pre-, post- can alter the meaning of the words.

1. Sometimes it’s a bit rude to interrupt someone in mid-sentence.

2. An optimist would say the glass was half-full, a pessimist would say it’s half-empty.

3. The teacher pretended not to see my half-raised hand.

4. My grandfather is semi-retired, but he still works part-time. He can choose his own working hours because he’s self-employed.

5. I arranged all these papers tidily on my desk, now someone has rearranged them all.

6. She told him she never wanted to see him again. She expected him to react sensibly, but he threw himself on the ground and started crying. He over-reacted as usual.

7. I estimated the work would take five minutes, but I underestimated how difficult it would be.

8. Which is worse: pre-holiday tension or post-holiday depression?

9. The post-war period was very difficult for the country. But despite this fact the economy was soon rebuilt anew.

Ex. 3. Add more examples to the lists below using these root words:

build, charge, consider, crowded, dinner, excited, historic, lunch, marry, pay, print, read, name, school, holiday, price, estimate, make, profit, condition, human, revolutionary, man, vision, film.

re- rearrange, …

pre- pre-Christmas, …

post- post-war, …

over- overdon, …

under- underdon, …

super- superfine, …

Ex. 4. Form the derivatives of the words given.

Noun	Adjective	Verb	Adverb
			deeply
		occupy
		employ
fortune
	decisive
		apply
failure
	embarrassing
		sleep
science
	necessary
		act
			qualitatively
		separate
possibility
	empty
		suit
			patiently
theft
			indirectly
		extend
	different
independence
		socialize
law
			reasonably

Ex. 5. Read the texts below. Use the words given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the same line. There is an example at the beginning.

Talent

My favourite (0) composer is Chopin and I am fortunate enough to have a friend who is also a very gifted … (1). As a … (2) musician, she believes strongly that … (3) ability is mostly something you learn, not a … (4) that you are born with. She thinks that … (5) students can improve their ability enormously. I feel really … (6) when I hear my friend perform and the ecstatic … (7) that she gets from her audiences at the end of a … (8). Both the public and … (9) agree that she is one of the country's most talented … (10). The huge amount of money she earns gives her the … (11) to do almost anything that she likes, which I, as a humble … (12), cannot compete with.

favour piano, profession music character, industry envy respond perform, criticise art free poem

Ex. 6. Use the word in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.

Jack’s Real Character

How easy is it understand another person’s character? My friend Jack, was once a rather … person. He was always getting into trouble at school because he was so …. In class he was very … and never stopped making jokes. The teachers all told him he was … because he interrupted them. When I met him he was very … and didn’t want to talk to me at all. People told me that he stole things, and that he was … . His school work was terrible. He didn’t take any … in his writing, he never spent enough time doing his homework, and he was not at all … . One day he saw a gang of boys attacking an old man. Jack hated … and he fought them all until they ran away. He was awared a medal for … . After than, people changed their minds about him.

annoy obey, talk polit friend honest proud conscience violent brave

Ex. 7. Test each other in pairs. Say a noun, your partner must say the verb. Say an adjective, your partner must say a noun, etc.

TEST

Use the proper derivative of the words in brackets.

1. Protecting the environment is essential to our … (to survive)

2. Many rare species are threatened with … (extinct)

3. She believes strongly that the musical ability is mostly something you learn, not a … that you are born with. (character)

4. The report also says many programmes are not … for children. (suit)

5. We could hear a loud … coming from the flat downstairs. (to laugh)

6. Odysseus was a real … figure, not just a myth. (history)

7. It was the most destructive earthquake in living memory, leaving … damage in its wake. (believe)

8. Both the public and … agree that she is one of the country’s most talented artist. (criticise)

9. This book will … your knowledge of English. (broad)

10. He does easily tolerate other people’s opinions. he is … (tolerate)

11. Students are under enormous pressure to learn huge amounts of vocabulary but they are rarely given … as to how to go about it. (guide)

12. The … of the bomb was heard several kilometers away. (explode)

13. This insurance plan can offer your family financial … in case of death or accident. (secure)

14. He agreed to take part in the show but with great … (reluctant)

15. The Prime Minister’s speech got a lot of … in the media. (public)

16. Joe Black’s lawyer defended his client well and tried to prove that Joe hadn’t done anything … (legal)

17. No one knows the exact … and … of the river. (long, deep)

18. Looking in the mirror too much is an example of … (vain)

19. It was a very attractive plan but quite … (practice).

20. The … of the diamonds baffled the police. (thief)

21. Ann has left home and is … of her parents now. (depend)

22. David has a really … temper, and gets angry easily. (control)

23. Harry asked for a … and the cashier gave him one. (receive)

24. The police had no … that Joe Bloggs had committed the crime. (to prove)

25. When Joe Bloggs was put on … the police called several witnesses to the stand. (to try)

26. We were almost … by the uproar. (deaf)

27. I’m always … by my attempts to speak Greek. (to appoint)

28. What are the entry … to this university? (to require)

29. Cathy has three jobs, so she has a high … (to come)

30. He faced accusations that he had been … to his headteacher. (respect)

31. Recently there has been a small … in the number of people out of work in Europe. (reduce)

32. Employers still discriminate against female … in a number of ways. (employ)

33. The first Boat Race was a … occasion and took place in 1829. (memory)

34. Your handwriting is completely illegible – you shouldn’t be so … when you write. (care)

35. All … must be received before August 10. (to apply)

36. Don’t touch this glass vase! It’s absolutely … (price)

37. The doctor will be available for a … in the morning. (to consult)

38. Jean isn’t really a friend, only an … . (acquaint)

39. I was so angry that I was absolutely … .(speech)

40. If you … me, I’ll simply inform the police. (threat)

41. There is no … between you and your relatives. (differ)

42. It’s more … to go by bus than by train. (economy)

43. Although he is a rich businessman, he is not well known for his … . (generous)

44. After long periods of watching TV, children tend to become absent-minded and …. (forget)

45. Although she was told the operation would be ..., she still felt very nervous about it. (pain)

46. My attempt to teach myself Spanish has been ... so far and I am wondering whether I am simply unable to learn foreign languages at my age. (success)

47. Recently, I met a Cuban tourist in a cafe and ... I must have said something … because she looked very offended and got up and sat at another table. (fortune, appropriate)

48. I am not impatient and neither am I ..., so why have I found it almost impossible to learn more than just the basics of Spanish after nearly six months of study? (intelligence)

49. If only I hadn't married so young. I was very ... at the time. (mature)

50. As advertising has proved ineffective with many smokers, the government has now made smoking ... in most public places. (law)

51. The noise coming from next door was so loud. It was … (bear)

52. Unemployment is still the number one ... problem facing the 15 number states of the European Union. (society)

53. There has been no significant … in the peace talks, I'm afraid (move).

54. The … of the road is more than twenty metres (wide).

55. Our … of economic stability has been painful (achieve).

56. I've never known such … before. (kind)

57. A computer is a very complex piece of … . (equip)

58. Keith’s exam results tend out to be … (disaster)

59. Ruth has got back to college to get a teaching … (qualify)

60. Jackie suffered as a child from a very strict … (bring).

61. Shopping in London is good. It can’t be … (better).

62. As climates … plants and animals appeared and disappeared. (warm and cool)

63. A climate that is too hot or too dry makes farming difficult and … economic development … (down) (slow).

64. If you … your dress then wash it up. (dirt)

65. Sir Thomas More was … in 1535. (head)