Упражнения

Ex. 1. Comment on the use of conjunctions in the following sentences..

1. I arrived in New York, where I was to change trains. 2. While I was watching TV, the programme was interrupted several times. 3. His father died when he was twelve and the boy had to find a job. 4. He arrived in our country in 1940 and stayed there till the war broke out. 5. That she has returned home is quite natural. 6. If these people knew who I was they would help me. 7. As I was saying this my friend's smiling face appeared at the door. 8. I was walking quietly so that nobody could hear. 9. He is as young as his brother. 10. It stopped raining but it is cold and windy. 11. The flight was cancelled because of the bad weather. 12. She went there in spite of еру bad weather.

Ex. 2. Fill in the correct conjunctions and conjunctive pronouns and say in what sentences they can be omitted.

1. Tolstoy … is the world famous writer was born in 1828. 2. I know the girl with … you have been dancing for two hours. 3. The car … they have bought is of the latest model. 4. Belarus goes by the time, … is two hours earlier than London's time. 5. The man … you need has just left. 6. We usually go to the cinema … is round the corner. 7. The watch … you are looking at is wrong. 8. I agree … it’s not a good idea for teenagers to have mobile phones. 9. My neighbour … is a doctor has moved to a new flat. 10. Do you remember the day … he arrived in Moscow? 11. Unfortunately, I can't remember the person … I have borrowed the pen from. 12. The man … you see at the desk is my secretary. 13. Where is the shop … sells gloves? 14. The book ... you have given to me is very interesting. 15. The shop … we buy our food is closed. 16. Mother said to her son … he must help her about the house. 17. I envied my friends … went to school like everybody else. 18.Euphrosyne remained in a history … a promoter of Christianity and culture. 19. Actually I have only one full day off … is Sunday. 20. Art is a great power … appeals to the heart of everybody. 21. This is … we did our homework. 22. It is becoming difficult, however, to describe … a typical American family is. 23. The most extraordinary building of the nineteen century was the Crystal Palace, … was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851.

Ex. 3. Insert “as ... as”, “not so ... as” and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. This box is … heavy … that one. 2. The weather today is … cold … it was yesterday. 3. Is Text 10 … difficult … Text 9? – No, it is not. Text 10 is … difficult … Text 8. 4. Have you got … many friends … I have? 5. This year you don't work at your English … much … you can. 6. Is it ... easy to get up early in winter ... it is in summer? 7. Greek buildings were beautiful … well … useful. 8. Ancient Greeks … well … ancient Egyptians knew the art of building with cut stone. 9. Those decorations are … beautiful … these. 10. This street is … wide … the next one. 11. This might not be ... unusual … you think. 12. My sister and I had to be … quiet … mice while our Dad was eating his lunch.

Ex. 4. Insert “either ... or”, “neither ... nor”, “both ... and” and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. We call this room “the hall” and use it … as a sitting-room … a living-room. 2. Chekhov is well known … in our country … abroad. 3. We saw … you … your friend at the party yesterday. 4. At the party they will … dance … listen to music. 5. You may have … tea … coffee. 6. If you go by tram you may be late for lessons. Take … the underground … a taxi. 7. … Nick … George were late for the lessons because they went by tram. 8. From the corridor you can get … to the sitting-room … to the study. 9. In the evening we … watch TV … read newspapers. 10. … Tom … Harry has much money.

Ex. 5. Fill in the correct conjunctive pronoun and state in what sentences it can be omitted.

Model: He is the actor who was killed in a car crash. (“Who” as a subject is not omitted).

That’s the letter which/that I have received. (“Which/that” as an object can be omitted).

1. English weather, … is often bad, is the subject of many conversations.

2. Their arguments, … continued throughout the night, were finally resolved.

3. Not everybody, … is coming to my party, is bringing me a present.

4. The doctor, … examined me on Friday, was well-qualified.

5. The house … I was born is situated in a quiet place.

6. “Tom Sawyer” is the story … I enjoyed most as a child.

7. She is the woman … helped me … I got into trouble.

8. There were some parts of the book … I found rather boring.

9. August is the month … a lot of tourists visit the place.

10. He is the man … gave me your address.

11. The story … you told yesterday is very interesting.

12. The subjects ... we are studying are very difficult.

Note:

When the relative clause gives extra information and is not essential to the meaning of the sentence, the conjunction pronoun cannot be omitted, and that cannot replace who or which. The relative clause is put in commas.

Ex. 6. Combine these sentences to make a sentence with a noun clause as the object of the verb. Add a word like “that”, “who”, “what”, “when” or “why”, and make other changes.

Model: The guide is saying something. I can’t make it out.

I can’t make out what the guide is saying.

1. O. Wild was a famous English playwright. We admire his novels.

2. The doctor examined me yesterday. He was very serious.

3. W. Shakespeare was the greatest playwright. He wrote a lot of famous plays.

4. The guide explained something to me. I didn’t understand it.

5. A man had been trapped in the cave. My fellow cavers told me this.

6. Someone telephoned you. I don’t remember the person.

7. You need to speak to someone. I don’t know the person.

8. You are shouting at me. I don’t understand the reason.

9. Boris is getting back from holiday tomorrow. I don’t know the exact time.

Ex. 7. Complete the text with correct conjunctions.

Teenagers shouldn’t have mobile phones

I agree ____ it’s not a good idea for teenagers to have mobile phones ____ a lot of teenagers spend about two hours a day on mobile phones. ____ a result, many parents have to pay phone bills of over £500 a year. First of all, holding a phone to your ear for a long time can damage your hearing and your health.

Secondly, students use mobile phone text messages to communicate secretly with other students in class. It’s difficult to concentrate on a lesson ____ you’re writing messages. One text message costs ten pence to send, so many teenagers use their lunch money to pay for them.

In conclusion I think ____ parents should think carefully before buying their children mobile phones. They need to establish ____ often they can use them and when.