Text b. Medical Education in the United States

In the USA the young man who has the secondary education¹must pass through seven or eight years of hard study before he begins his work as a doctor.

First he has three or four years of premedical training at a university. Here he learns the main sciences. Only those students who show good results in their premedical training can become candidates for higher medical education. Those who do not continue their education can work as nurses.

The higher medical education is difficult. The students must study four years in the medical faculty of the university. During the first two years the student masters laboratory sciences. To learn²the structure of the human body the student studies Anatomy. The student must get deep knowledge of biological chemistry because it is the basis for clinical laboratory diagnosis and therapy.

The student learns the functions of the body theoretically from books and by laboratory experiments in classes of Physiology.

In the USA the curriculum³of medical faculties, has such a subject as Psychology which teaches the student to deal with patients⁴and understand human behaviour (поведение).

The student learns all other theoretical subjects such as Pharmacology and Pathologic Physiology before he begins to treat a patient.

In his third and fourth years the student gets instruction and practical experience in the treatment and care of the patient. During these years the student has the possibility to work at the hospital and learn much of main medical procedures and different diseases to be well prepared for his work.

Notes

1. the secondary education—среднее образование

2. to learn—зд.чтобы узнать

3. curriculum[ks’nkjubm]—учебный план; программа(института, университета)

4. to deal with patients—обращаться с больными

Class assignments

16. Read the following and explain the pronunciation of the letters and letter combinations in bold type:

leave, last, tooth, teeth, circle, yellow, chair, appear, prepare, pure, while, whole, early, become, want, chest, short

17. Form and translate the new words using the given suffixes:

-ion(-ation), -sion, -tion: fix, prepare, decide, add, inform, infect, protect;

-ment: require, achieve, treat, appoint, excite;

-(i)ty: responsible, human, special, possible;

-(i)ly: day, successful, necessary, clear, deep, main;

-y: word, sleep, health, air, ease

18. Substitute the words in bold type for the words of the close meaning:

1. M. Sechenov is a well-known Russian physiologist. 2.At present we

study some premedical subjects. 3. The researcher will finish his experiment in a week. 4. The operationwas over at five o’clock in the afternoon. 5. Our first term willlast till the middle of January.

19. State the part of speech of the words in bold type. Translate the sentences:

1. 1. Last month they had practical classes at the Chair of Therapy. 2. These experiments usuallylast for about two hours. 3. There are twoterms in the academic year. 4. The first-year students study many anatomicalterms. 5. In summer I usuallyrest in the village. 6. My friend and I went to the theatre and therest of our group went to the cinema. 7. Whatkind of books do you like?

8. We know that this doctor is a very kind and intellectual person.

2. 1.1 need your help very much. 2. A friend inneed is a friend indeed (действительно). 3. Thenurses take care of the patients. 4. Shenurses the patients with great care.

3. 1. At the end of the winter term we shall take two examinations and at the end of thespring term we shall have five.

20. Answer the following questions:

What do we call: 1. a person who takes care of patients? 2. a doctor who operates on patients? 3. a doctor who treats patients with different medicines and remedies? 4. a person who discovers something new in the field of science?

5. a house where the students live? 6. a grown-up person? 7. the organ which pumps (нагнетает) blood (кровь) through the arteries and veins? 8. a fixed period of time during which the students study? 9. the completion of the course of studies at the Institute?

21. Supply questions to these answers:

1. Yes, we can dissect corpses. 2. Yes, they may fix the date of their consultation. 3. Yes, I must complete this work in time.

22. Turn the following sentences into negative:

1. My friend left the town for his summer holidays. 2. They are resting now.

1. return to the hostel at 2 p.m. 4. He feels tired after his classes.

ХХШ. Put special questions to the following using the given interrogative words:

1. My fellow-student got a good mark in English, (whatкакую) 2. Modern methods of treatment help the doctors to treat people successfully,(how) 3. The surgeon was working at the clinic from 9 a.m. till 2 p.m.(where)4. My sister looks ill.(who)5. He is tired because he works hard,(why)

24. Read the passages and answer the questions. Explain your answers:

1. Fred is in the dissecting-room. He is preparing for his Anatomy class. He is dissecting the corpse.

2. Boris is often in the dissecting-room. There he prepares for his Anatomy classes. He dissects corpses. Кто из них в данное время готовится к занятиям по анатомии?

1. On Fridays Nick went to the clinic. He helped the nurse. He took the patients’ temperature. He gave patients some remedies.

2. It was Friday yesterday. George was at the clinic for the whole day. He was helping the nurse. He was taking the patients’ temperature. He was giving patients some remedies. Кто из них обычно ходил в клинику по пятницам?

24. Read and translate Text С: