Утвердительная

форма

Отрицательная

форма

Вопросительная

форма

Ami? Are you? he?

I am not You are not He

is not

She

It

We

You

They

she?

it?

we?

you?

they?

Is

is

are not

Are

I am You are Не She It We You They

	We			we?
•were	You	• were not	Were'	you?
	They .			they?

I was not You were not He

was not

She

It

Was I? Were you?

[ he? Was j she? lit?

I shall be

Yoi;

He She It

We shall be

You

They

We shall not be You They

will not be

will be

> wi

П

	You			you
	He			he
• will be	She	■ will not be	Will
				she
	It			it

I shall not be

Shall I be?

be?

Shall we be? ^mi fcb⁷

Примечание. Для образования кратких ответов повторяется тот глагол, с которого начинается общий вопрос:

“Are you a student?” “Yes, I am.” “No, I am not.”

“Are they teachers?” "No, they are not (aren’t [a:nt]).”

“Is it a pen?” “Yes, it is.” “No, it is not (isn’t [iznt]).”

“Was your brother a soldier?” “Yes, he was.” “No, he was not (wasn’t [woznt]).” “Were you students last year?” “Yes, we were.” “No, we were not (weren’t [wo:nt]).” “Shall I be a teacher?” “Yes, 1 shall.” “No, I shall not (shan’t [fa:nt]).”

“Will he be a doctor?” “Yes, he will.” “No, he will not (won’t [wount]).”

Урок 26,1

Случаи употребления глагола to be

Таблица 13

Употребление глагола to be	Значение	Примеры
to be + существ, с предлогом. to be + существ, без Предлога to be + ing-form to be + III форма глагола to be + инфинитив	смысловой глагол находиться глагол-связка являться вспомогательный глагол для образования времен группы Continuous вспомогательный глагол для образования страдательного залога модальное значение; действие по заранее намеченному плану или значение долженствования	The surgeon is in the clinic. My friend is a surgeon. The surgeon is performing an operation. The patient is operated on. The surgeon is to operate on this patient.

Урок 1, IX

Спряжение глагола to have (Indefinite Tenses)

Таблица 14

	Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Вопросительная форма
	I have a book.	I have no book.	Have I a book?
	He has a book.	He has no book.	Has he a book?
1	She has a book.	She has no book	Has she a book?
Ui P	It has coloured pictures.	It has no coloured pictures.	Has it coloured pic tures?
CU	We have a book.	We have no book.	Have we a book?
	You have a book.	You have no book.	Have you a book?
	They have a book.	They have no book.	Have they a book?
	I had a book.	I had ио book.	Had I a book?
	He had a book.	He had no book.	Had he a book?
	She had a book.	She had no book.	Had she a book?
1	It had coloured pictures.	It had no coloured pictures.	Had it coloured pictures?
Pi	We had a book.	We had но book.	Had we a book?
	You had a book.	You had no book.	Had you a book?
	They had a book.	They had no book.	Had they a book?

	Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Вопросительная форма
Future	I shall have a book. He will have a book. She will have a book. It will have coloured pictures. We shall have a book. You will have a book. They will have a book.	I shall have no book. He will have no book. She will have no book. It will have no coloured pictures. We shall have no book. You will have no book. They will have no book.	Shall I have a book? Will he have a book? Will she have a book? Will it have coloured pictures? Shall we have a book? Will you have a book? Will they have a book?

На русский язык предложение с глаголом to have переводится: I have а book. У меня есть книга (т.е. я имею книгу).

Краткий ответ на вопрос с глаголом to have:

“Have you a book?” “Yes, I have.” “No I have not (haven’t).”

“Has he a book?” “Yes, he has.” “No, he has not (hasn’t).”

“Had you a book?” “Yes, we had.” “No, we had not (hadn’t).”

Примечание. Если перед существительным стоят слова much, many, any, enough или числительпые, то с глаголом have употребляется отрицание not; например: We have not any lectures today.

Урок 26, II

Случаи употребления глагола to have

Таблица 15

Употребление глагола to have	Значение	Примеры
to have + существ. to have + III форма глагола to have + инфинитив глагола	смысловое иметь вспом. глагол для образова­ния времен группы Perfect модальное (необходимость в силу определенных обстоя­тельств)	My friend has an atlas. He has proved his conclusions. We have to examine him.

Времена группы Indefinite Спряжение глаголовto work, to write

	Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Вопросительная форма
Present	1 work (write). Не works (writes). She works (writes). It works (writes). We work (write). You work (write). They work (write).	I do not work (write). He does not work (write). She does not work (write). It does not work (write). We do not work (write). You do not work (write). They do not work (write).	Do I work (write)? Does he work (write)? Does she work (write)? Does it work (write)? Do we work (write)? Do you work (write)? Do they work (write)?
I CU	I worked (wrote). He worked (wrote). She worked (wrote). We worked (wrote). They worked (wrote).	I did not work (write). He did not work (write). She did not work (write). We did not work (write). They did not work (write).	Did I work (write)? Did he work (write)? Did she work (write)? Did we work (write)? Did they work (write)?
Future	I shall work (write). He will work (write). She will work (write). It will work (write). We shall work (write). You will work (write). They will work (write).	I shall not work (write). He will not work (write). She will not work (write). It will not work (write). We shall not work (write). You will not work (write). They will not work (write).	Shall I work (write)? Will he work (write)? Will she work (write)? Will it work (write)? Shall we work (write)? Will you work (write)? Will they work (write)?

Примечания: 1. глагольное окончание 3-го лица, единственного числа настоящего времени -(e)s читается:

а) после глухих согласных -[s]: helps [helps], speaks [spiks];

б) после звонких согласных и гласных -[z]: segs [si:z], means [mi:nz];

в) после шипящих и свистящих звуков -[iz]: dresses [dresiz], increases [in’kri:siz], watches [•wotfiz]

2. окончание -ed читается:

а) после глухих согласных, шипящих и свистящих звуков -[t]: helped [helpt], watched [wo:tft], finished [‘finift];

б) после звонких согласных и гласных -[d]: answgied [‘a:nad], planned [plaend], stayed [steid];

в) после t и d -[id]: wanted [‘womtid], attended [э-tendid];

2. глаголы, оканчивающиеся на -у с предшествующей согласной меняют у на i в 3-ем лице единственного числа настоящего времени принимают окончание -es: study—studies, а в прошедшем времени принимают окончание -ed: studied.

Для образования кратких ответов повторяется тот же вспомогательный глагол, который есть в вопросе:

“Do you work?” “Yes, I do.” “No, I do not (don’t [dount]).”

“.Does he work?” “Yes, he does.” “No, he does not (doesn’t [‘cUznt]).”

“Did you work?” “Yes, I did.” “No, I did not (didn’t [‘didnt]).”

“Shall I work?” “Yes, I shall.” “No, I shall not (shan’t [fa:nt]). ”

“Will he work?” “Yes, he will.” “No, he will not (won’t [wount]).”

Глаголы во временах группы Indefinite обозначают действие обыч­ное, которое происходит вообще, а не в момент речи.

С временами группы Indefinite часто употребляются следующие наре­чия: usually [‘ju:3uali] обычно; always [’oilwaz] всегда; often [ofn] часто.

С Present Indefinite употребляются наречия: today [ta’dei] сегодня; this month (week, year) в этом месяце (на этой неделе, в этом году).

С Past Indefinite употребляются наречия: yesterday [‘jestadi] вчера; last month (week, year) в прошлом месяце (на прошлой неделе, в прошлом году); a month ago (a week ago, a year ago) месяц назад (неделю, год назад).

С Future Indefinite употребляются наречия: tomorrow [ta’morou] завт­ра; next month (week, year в следующем месяце (на следующей неделе, в будущем году).

Обратите внимание на отсутствие предлога (в противоположность русскому языку) перед словами this, last, next в этих сочетаниях.

Урок 7, VII