Inf lectional morphology 121
Table 3.19 Declension of jl∫y
	msc		msc=nt	nt		fem	pl
nom	jl∫y			jlyj´		jlyƒ	jly∫
acc	=nom<in> gen<an>			=nom		jlyé	=nom<in> gen<an>
gen			jlyjuj´			jlyj´q	jly∫[
dat			jlyjvé			jlyj´q	jly∫v
loc			jlyj´v			jlyj´q	jly∫[
ins			jly∫v			jlyj´q	jly∫vb
Table 3.20 Numeral paradigms
			compound		compound
	ordinary	paucal	decade		hundred		round	collective
nom	gz´nm	nh∫	gznmltcz´n		nh∫cnf		cnj´	ldj´t
acc	=nom	=nom<in>	=nom		=nom		=nom	=nom<in>
		gen<an>						gen<an>
gen	gzn∫	nh=[	gzn∫ltcznb		nh=[cj´n		cnƒ	ldj∫[
dat	gzn∫	nh=v	gzn∫ltcznb		nh=vcnƒv		cnƒ	ldj∫v
loc	gzn∫	nh=[	gzn∫ltcznb		nh=[cnƒ[		cnƒ	ldj∫[
ins	gznm÷	nhtvz´	gznm÷ltcznm/		nhtvzcnƒvb		cnƒ	ldj∫vb

Nhtvzcnƒvb is cited with single stress, nh=[cnƒ[ and others with two stresses.

3.3.5 Declension of dtcm, cfv, jlby

D†cm ‘all’ and the old-fashioned demonstrative c†q have a basically demonstrative declension, with soft stems (Table 3.17). The emphatic adjective cƒv (Table 3.18) and the adjectival numeral jl∫y (Table 3.19) also have demonstrative declension.

3.4 Quantifiers

Quantifiers include cardinal numerals, collectives, and approximate pronominal quantifiers (e.g., cnj´kmrj ‘so many’). Some are declined like nouns, some like demonstratives (see Table 3.20). Ordinals, which decline as ordinary adjectives (except nh†nbq), will be given for reference in parentheses in the discussion below.

Paucal numerals: Paucals, comprising msc=nt ldƒ, fem ld† ‘two’, nh∫ ‘three’, and xtnßht ‘four’, use the case endings of plural adjectives, merging genitive and locative, but have idiosyncratic stems: lde-, nh=-, xensh=- (but ins xenshmvz´). Ordinals are dnjhj´q ‘second’ (different stem, ordinary declension), nh†nbq

122A Reference Grammar of Russian

‘third’ (mixed adjectival declension: Table 3.26), xtnd=hnsq ‘fourth’ (ordinary declension).

Single digits, teens: Many numerals decline like singular nouns in Declension<iiia>. ‘Five’ through ‘nine’ stress the ending in the oblique cases, including in the instrumental gz´nm (ordinal gz´nsq) ‘five’, i†cnm (itcnj´q) ‘six’, c†vm

(ctlmvj´q) ‘seven’, dj´ctvm, gen=dat=loc djcmv∫, but ins dj´ctvm/ (with the null vowel restored) djcmvm÷ (the latter 11% on www.libr.ru <15.IX.02>) (djcmvj´q) ‘eight’, and l†dznm (ltdz´nsq) ‘nine’. ‘Eleven’ through ‘nineteen’, historically compounds, have this declension with fixed stem stress: jl∫yyflwfnm (jl∫yyflwfnsq) ‘eleven’, ldtyƒlwfnm (ldtyƒlwfnsq) ‘twelve’ nhbyƒlwfnm (nhbyƒlwfnsq) ‘thirteen’, xtnßhyflwfnm (xtnßhyflwfnsq) ‘fourteen’, gznyƒlwfnm (gznyƒlwfnsq) ‘fifteen’, itcnyƒlwfnm (itcnyƒlwfnsq) ‘sixteen’, ctvyƒlwfnm (ctvyƒlwfnsq) ‘seventeen’, djctvyƒlwfnm (djctvyƒlwfnsq) ‘eighteen’, ltdznyƒlwfnm (ltdznyƒlwfnsq) ‘nineteen’.

Decades: The first three decades	have the pattern of gz´nm, also with
end stress, l†cznm (ltcz´nsq) ‘ten’,	ltczn∫<gen=dat=loc>, ltcznm÷<ins>, ldƒlwfnm

(ldflwƒnsq) ‘twenty’, ldflwfn∫<gen=dat=loc>, nh∫lwfnm (nhblwƒnsq) ‘thirty’, nhblwfn∫<gen=dat=loc>. The decades from ‘fifty’ through ‘eighty’, as compounds, decline both parts like nouns of Declension<IIIa>: gznmltcz´n

(gznbltcz´nsq) ‘fifty’, gzn∫ltcznb<gen=dat=loc>, itcnmltcz´n (itcnbltcz´nsq) ‘sixty’, c†vmltczn (ctvbltcz´nsq) ‘seventy’, dj´ctvmltczn (djcmvbltcz´nsq) ‘eighty’ (ins djctvm÷ltcznm/ djcmvm÷ltcznm/). The decade component ends in a hard consonant in the nominative. In standard Russian, both parts should have a distinctively instrumental form (gznm÷ltcznm/), but the form is sometimes partially analogized to the other oblique forms in the unedited Russian of the web, on the order of 10 percent (low 5% djcmvbltcznm/, high 13% ctvbltcznm/ <15.IX.02>).

Round: Certain “round” numerals have a minimal declension, with one form for the nominative and accusative, another for the remaining cases: nom=acc cnj´, gen=dat=loc=ins cnƒ ‘hundred’, cj´hjr, cjhjrƒ ‘forty’, ltdzyj´cnj, ltdzyj´cnf

‘ninety’, and gjknjhƒcnf, gen=dat=loc=ins gjkénjhfcnf ‘a hundred and a half ’, the last two being etymologically derived from cnj´. ‘One and a half ’ has the same pattern, though additionally the nominative distinguishes gender, like the paucal ‘two’ (msc=nt nom=acc gjknjhƒ, fem nom=acc gjknjhß, gen=dat=loc=ins gjkénjhf).

Hundreds: The hundreds other than cnj´ itself -- ld†cnb ‘two hundred’, nh∫cnf ‘three hundred’, xtnßhtcnf ‘four hundred’, gznmcj´n ‘five hundred’, itcnmcj´n ‘six