4. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на неличные формы глагола, оканчивающиеся на -ing

IT TAKES YOUR BREATH AWAY

The art of cooking requires the use of garlic. Of course, the garlic eating is not generally approved of. Working beside someone who has eaten garlic is as bad as sitting beside someone who smokes. But while smoking is definitely bad for you, there is no doubt that eating garlic is good for the health. We are likely to see more «No smoking» signs, but we won't see any «No breath­ing» signs for garlic eaters! Cultivating and exporting garlic has become big business now that so many people use it for flavoring meat and adding to different dishes. People often buy it when they do the shopping. You don't have to deny using it or having eaten it. Being a garlic eater is something to be proud of and shows you enjoy good living. The story of garlic is a breathtaking success!

II. Work with the text

1. Прочтите текст. Найдите в тексте герундий. Переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы после него.

Robots in Perspective

The idea of creating an intelligent machine is very old. Homer described gold girls, mechanical helpers built by Hephaistos, the Greek god of smiths. In 1495, Leonardo da Vinci designed a mechanical man. But only the invention of transistors and integrated circuits in the 1950s and 1960s made real robots possible. Compact, reliable electronics and computers added brains to already existing machines. In 1959, researchers demonstrated the possibility of robotic, in manufacturing of ashtrays.

The Czech word 'robota', meaning hard work, was first used by the writer Karel Chapek in the story where robots are invented to help people by per­forming simple tasks, but being used to fight wars, they turn on their human masters and take over the world.

There's no precise definition of a robot. It is normally defined as a pro­grammable machine imitating an intelligent creature. Getting information from its surroundings and doing something physical (moving or manipulating objects) qualify a machine as a robot.

Name a boring or dangerous job. Somewhere, a robot is probably doing it. Robots are ideal for doing jobs that require repetitive, precise and fast move­ments. Robots are good at doing the same thing without asking for a safe working environment, salary, breaks, food and sleep, without getting bored or tired, without making mistakes. Factories are so highly automated that most human workers carry out only supervising and maintaining the robots.

1. What intelligent machines existed in the history of humanity?

2. How can you define the term "robot"?

3. What jobs are robots ideal for?

2.Переведите письменно текст с английского языка на русский, обращая внимание на герундий.

Polymers

Researchers are being carried out at modifying known polymers with the purpose of developing in them desired properties. By combining molecules of several polymers we obtain polymers with new properties non-existent in any of the known synthetic materials.

Scientists succeeded in developing means of obtaining a synthetic rubber with properties similar to those of natu­ral rubber.

Plastics will occupy an important place in any branch of industry. There will be large but extraordinary light ships made of plastics and totally resistant to corrosion by sea water. The product of oil-producing countries will no longer be transported across the seas in huge tankers, but in strong reservoirs possessing light- and thermo-resistant properties. There will be spaceships made of polymers withstanding high temperatures and cosmic radiation.

Farmers will forget the primitive method of protecting the seeds from frost with bonfire smoke. Better protection against low temperature will provide light-resistant polymer sheets allowing ultra-violet rays to penetrate through them.

Huge wooden framework will no longer be erected for repainting a building. New coatings on houses resistant to light, heat and atmospheric oxygen will change the aspect of towns. Houses built of polymers will be both more durable and cheaper, than those built of brick and concrete. Metal working industry will be entirely transformed. Precision cast units made in polymer moulds will radically decrepit the necessity for finishing parts mechanically. The problem of synthesizing natural polymers, including proteins, is a major task, one of the greatest biological and econom­ical importance.

Its solution will probably require long, concentrated and joint efforts by scientists in various fields.