- •Российский государственный торгово-экономический университет Учебник для студентов торгово-экономических специальностей английский язык
- •Содержание
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 1 – 3
- •I. Complete the sentences using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Insert the right preposition
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 4-6
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Complete the sentences with can, could, be able to, must, have to, be to, should in appropriate forms. Use several options and translate the sentences.
- •IV. Insert the right preposition.
- •V. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 7-8
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Fill in the right preposition
- •III. Match the words to make pairs
- •IV. Combine the sentences using Past Simple and Past Perfect.
- •V. Make comparisons using more - the most; better – the best; as…as; not so as; -er, -est where necessary.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 10
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 9-10
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Put the following sentences into the Reported Speech.
- •III. Insert the right preposition.
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Unit 11
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 12
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 13
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 14
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 13, 14
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Open the brackets using conditionals.
- •III. Put the verbs into the right form.
- •IV. Rewrite the following sentences using Complex Subject.
- •Resource File. Activate your Grammar.
- •Text Bank Unit 1. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 2. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 5 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 6 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it. The Sales Manager
- •Unit 7 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 8. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 9. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 10. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Present Continuous
- •3. Present Simple
- •4. Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
- •5. Past Simple
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in the past simple tense.
- •6. Past Continuous
- •7. Past Simple vs Past Continuous.
- •8. Present Perfect Simple
- •9. Present Perfect vs Past Simple
- •Compare
- •Compare these sentences.
- •10. Present Perfect Continuous
- •Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Continuous. Compare these sentences
- •12. Past Perfect
- •13. Future Forms
- •2. Be going to (do)
- •3. Present Continuous1 with a future meaning.
- •4. Present Simple with a future meaning.
- •5. Future Continuous
- •Ex. 1. Put the following sentences in the negative and question forms (yes/no questions).
- •Ex. 2. Put the verbs into the correct form.
- •Ex. 3. Make one sentence from two sentences.
- •Ex. 4. Are you (your friend, your parents) going to do/ not going to do these things tomorrow?
- •Ex. 5. Put the verb in the correct form using will or going to.
- •Ex. 6. What will these people be doing tomorrow from 8 till 8-30 in the morning?
- •Ex. 7. Write some sentences about your plans for the next few days.
- •Ex. 8. Choose the correct verb form in the following pairs of sentences.
- •14. Revision of Tenses
- •15. Modal Verbs (Basic Rules)
- •2. Must – have to – be to
- •Ex. 5. Put in must or have to.
- •Ex. 6. Put in must or had to.
- •Ex. 7. Make questions with have to.
- •Ex. 8. Make negative sentences with have to.
- •Ex. 9. Underline the correct verb form.
- •4. Should (do)
- •1. General Questions
- •2. Special Questions
- •3. Alternative questions
- •17. Reported Speech
- •Verb in the past.
- •18. There (is) and It (is)
- •Ex. 3. Complete the dialogue with used to or didn’t use to.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •20. Conditionals Type 1
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense using type 1 conditional.
- •Ex. 2. Open the brackets using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 3. Give advice using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 5. Rewrite the following story using type 3 conditional.
- •E.G. If Ron hadn’t slept until twelve yesterday, he wouldn’t have failed the exam. Continue rewriting the story. Ex. 6. Match the following parts of the sentence
- •Ex. 8. Translate the sentences into English.
- •21. Passive Voice
- •22. Complex Subject
- •Ex. 1. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Ex. 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the Complex Subject.
- •Ex. 3. Translate the sentences into English.
- •23. Gerund
- •25. Participles
- •Participle I has four forms:
- •26. Complex Object
- •27. Articles
- •28. Pronouns
- •Demonstrative pronouns
- •29. Some, Any, No
- •30. Compound pronouns.
- •31. Much, Many, Little, Few, a Lot (of)
- •32. Adjectives and Adverbs
- •33. Comparisons
- •Irregular Forms.
- •2. The same as
- •34. Other and Another
- •Ex. 1. Fill in the blanks with other, another, the other.
- •Ex. 2. Insert other or others.
- •We write ’ after nouns in plural
- •We use the possessive (’s) structure when the first noun is the name of a person, group of people, animal, organization, country.
- •E.G. Rules: club / football
- •36. So and Such
- •37. Enough and Too
- •Compare:
- •Ex. 3. Use too or enough.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •38. Relative Сlauses
- •39. Prepositions At / on / in (time)
- •E.G. On Monday
- •For / During
- •In / at and to (places and directions)
- •40. Irregular Verbs
- •41. Word-Formation
- •42. Abbreviation List
Vocabulary
1. aim (n, C) намерение, цель
E.g. It is our aim to complete the work before the end of the month. — Наша цель - закончить работу к концу месяца.
Syn: intention, purpose
to aim at smth - стремиться к чему-л
E.g. He is aiming at success. — Он стремится к успеху.
2. aware of smth (adj) - осведомленный, сознающий что-л.
E.g. They were aware of the difficulties. — Они знали о трудностях.
awareness (n, U) - осведомлённость, компетентность
3. boost (v) – повышать, увеличивать
E.g. Extensive advertising boosts sales. – Обширная реклама увеличивает объем продаж.
4. bribe (n, C) - взятка, подкуп
bribery (n, U) - взяточничество
to bribe (v) - подкупать; давать взятку
E.g. It is illegal to give bribes. – Давать взятки противозаконно.
5. condition (n, C) условие; положение
on condition that - при условии, что
E.g. We will accept this proposal on condition that everybody agrees. – Мы примем это предложение при условии, что все будут согласны.
6. contemporary (adj) - современный
contemporary writers – современные писатели
7. encourage to do smth (v) поощрять, поддерживать
E.g. The staff are encouraged to attend training courses. – Руководство поощряет персонал посещать курсы повышения квалификации.
8. environment (n, U) окружение, окружающая обстановка; окружающая среда
environmental protection - охрана окружающей среды
environmentally friendly - экологически безопасный
9. force (v) - заставлять, вынуждать
to force smb to do smth – заставлять кого-л. делать что-л.
E.g. The financial problems forced her to sell her house. — Финансовые проблемы вынудили ее продать дом.
10. harm (n, U) вред; урон, ущерб
to do smb harm— приносить кому-л. вред
harmful (adj) – вредный
harmful to health — вредный для здоровья
harmless (adj) - безопасный, безвредный
11. income (n, C) - доход, заработок
an annual income — годовой заработок
E.g. Their company aims at boosting their income. — Компания стремится повысить доходы.
12. insure (v) - страховать, застраховывать
insurance (n, U) – страхование
life insurance for $ 100 000 – страхование жизни на $ 100 000
13. lack (v) - испытывать недостаток, нуждаться; не иметь что-л.
E.g. He often lacks money. – Он часто испытывает недостаток в деньгах.
lack of smth (n, U) - недостаток, нужда; отсутствие (чего-л.)
14. merchandise (n, U) - товары
high-quality merchandise — товары высшего качества
15. mislead (misled, misled) (v) - вводить в заблуждение
misleading (adj) - вводящий в заблуждение, обманчивый
misleading advertising - реклама, вводящая в заблуждение
16. operating costs - эксплуатационные расходы
17. redundant (adj) - уволенный по сокращению штатов
to make smb redundant – сократить кого-л.
E.g. He has been made redundant. – Его уволили по сокращению штатов.
redundancy (n, U) - сокращение штатов
18. savе (v) - беречь, экономить
save on smth – экономить на чем-л.
cost-saving – сокращающий себестоимость
labour-saving – сокращающий трудоёмкость
energy-saving – энергосберегающий
19. strengthen (v) - усиливать(ся); укреплять(ся)
E.g. The position of the company has been strengthened lately. – За последнее время положение компании укрепилось.
strength (n, U) - сила; мощность, прочность
20. vital (adj) - (жизненно) важный, насущный; необходимый
a question of vital importance — вопрос первостепенной важности