- •Российский государственный торгово-экономический университет Учебник для студентов торгово-экономических специальностей английский язык
- •Содержание
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 1 – 3
- •I. Complete the sentences using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Insert the right preposition
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 4-6
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Complete the sentences with can, could, be able to, must, have to, be to, should in appropriate forms. Use several options and translate the sentences.
- •IV. Insert the right preposition.
- •V. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 7-8
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Fill in the right preposition
- •III. Match the words to make pairs
- •IV. Combine the sentences using Past Simple and Past Perfect.
- •V. Make comparisons using more - the most; better – the best; as…as; not so as; -er, -est where necessary.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 10
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 9-10
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Put the following sentences into the Reported Speech.
- •III. Insert the right preposition.
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Unit 11
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 12
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 13
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 14
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 13, 14
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Open the brackets using conditionals.
- •III. Put the verbs into the right form.
- •IV. Rewrite the following sentences using Complex Subject.
- •Resource File. Activate your Grammar.
- •Text Bank Unit 1. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 2. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 5 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 6 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it. The Sales Manager
- •Unit 7 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 8. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 9. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 10. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Present Continuous
- •3. Present Simple
- •4. Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
- •5. Past Simple
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in the past simple tense.
- •6. Past Continuous
- •7. Past Simple vs Past Continuous.
- •8. Present Perfect Simple
- •9. Present Perfect vs Past Simple
- •Compare
- •Compare these sentences.
- •10. Present Perfect Continuous
- •Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Continuous. Compare these sentences
- •12. Past Perfect
- •13. Future Forms
- •2. Be going to (do)
- •3. Present Continuous1 with a future meaning.
- •4. Present Simple with a future meaning.
- •5. Future Continuous
- •Ex. 1. Put the following sentences in the negative and question forms (yes/no questions).
- •Ex. 2. Put the verbs into the correct form.
- •Ex. 3. Make one sentence from two sentences.
- •Ex. 4. Are you (your friend, your parents) going to do/ not going to do these things tomorrow?
- •Ex. 5. Put the verb in the correct form using will or going to.
- •Ex. 6. What will these people be doing tomorrow from 8 till 8-30 in the morning?
- •Ex. 7. Write some sentences about your plans for the next few days.
- •Ex. 8. Choose the correct verb form in the following pairs of sentences.
- •14. Revision of Tenses
- •15. Modal Verbs (Basic Rules)
- •2. Must – have to – be to
- •Ex. 5. Put in must or have to.
- •Ex. 6. Put in must or had to.
- •Ex. 7. Make questions with have to.
- •Ex. 8. Make negative sentences with have to.
- •Ex. 9. Underline the correct verb form.
- •4. Should (do)
- •1. General Questions
- •2. Special Questions
- •3. Alternative questions
- •17. Reported Speech
- •Verb in the past.
- •18. There (is) and It (is)
- •Ex. 3. Complete the dialogue with used to or didn’t use to.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •20. Conditionals Type 1
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense using type 1 conditional.
- •Ex. 2. Open the brackets using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 3. Give advice using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 5. Rewrite the following story using type 3 conditional.
- •E.G. If Ron hadn’t slept until twelve yesterday, he wouldn’t have failed the exam. Continue rewriting the story. Ex. 6. Match the following parts of the sentence
- •Ex. 8. Translate the sentences into English.
- •21. Passive Voice
- •22. Complex Subject
- •Ex. 1. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Ex. 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the Complex Subject.
- •Ex. 3. Translate the sentences into English.
- •23. Gerund
- •25. Participles
- •Participle I has four forms:
- •26. Complex Object
- •27. Articles
- •28. Pronouns
- •Demonstrative pronouns
- •29. Some, Any, No
- •30. Compound pronouns.
- •31. Much, Many, Little, Few, a Lot (of)
- •32. Adjectives and Adverbs
- •33. Comparisons
- •Irregular Forms.
- •2. The same as
- •34. Other and Another
- •Ex. 1. Fill in the blanks with other, another, the other.
- •Ex. 2. Insert other or others.
- •We write ’ after nouns in plural
- •We use the possessive (’s) structure when the first noun is the name of a person, group of people, animal, organization, country.
- •E.G. Rules: club / football
- •36. So and Such
- •37. Enough and Too
- •Compare:
- •Ex. 3. Use too or enough.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •38. Relative Сlauses
- •39. Prepositions At / on / in (time)
- •E.G. On Monday
- •For / During
- •In / at and to (places and directions)
- •40. Irregular Verbs
- •41. Word-Formation
- •42. Abbreviation List
Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Continuous. Compare these sentences
Present Perfect Simple |
Present Perfect Continuous |
|
|
You can see the result of a finished action. |
The action is not finished, it is still going on. |
Ex. 1. Open the brackets using Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.
We (walk) ten kilometers.
We (walk) for three hours.
You (walk) to fast. That’s why you are tired.
I (make) rolls for the party all the morning. - How many you (make)? – I (make) 200.
That boy (eat) three ice-creams. He (eat) since he arrived.
I (plant) up 20 roses. I (plant) up roses all day.
What you (do) since morning? – We (pick) apples. – How many you (pick)? – We (pick) ten baskets.
He (sleep) since ten o’clock. Wake him up!
A: What are you doing, Bob?
B: I (look) through my toy box all morning. Look, I (find) my toy cars collection.
A: You (play) with your cars for three hours. I (watch) you.
B: They are wonderful! I (not to have) such a good time for years! Look at this Ferrari!
A: Bob, do you know what time it is?
B: Why should I care? I am not going anywhere.
A: It’s 11 o’clock! Your boss just (call). He (wait) for you all morning. He is very angry!
B: Oh, my God! I thought it was Saturday! I (work) so hard all this week, so I forgot what day it was!
Ex. 2. What will you do in the following situations?
Your friend asked you to meet him at 5, you came at 6.
He says: “Where have you been?”
You say: a) I’ve forgotten the time of the meeting.
b) I’ve been forgetting the time of the meeting.
Your professor asks you how things are with your course paper.
You say: a) I’ve been collecting data to start my work next month.
b) I’ve collected data since November.
You hand in your report to your boss and say:
I’ve been finishing it and making a copy for the Board.
I’ve finished it and made a copy for the Board.
You come into the room and see your children near the half-empty jar of jam. You say:
Have you been eating jam again?
Have you eaten all the jam again?
Your boy-friend / girl-friend comes home and sees you sorting out your clothes. You say:
I’ve bought a new collection and want to throw away the old one.
I’ve been buying a new collection and want to throw away the old one.
Your friend wants to know if you like the house you live in. You say:
Yes, I’ve been living there since my childhood.
Yes, I lived there since my childhood.
Your teacher is interested if you know any plays by Shakespeare. You say:
I saw one of his plays in the theatre last year.
I have seen one of his plays in the theatre last year.
Ex. 3. Translate the sentences into English.
Мы обсуждаем этот проект с самого утра.
Как давно вы работаете в Хьюлетт-Паккард?
Дождь идет уже два часа.
Я занимаюсь серфингом пять лет.
Сколько фильмов ты посмотрел в этом месяце?
Они ждут нас с обеда, мы должны позвонить им и все объяснить.
Она размышляет над тем, что ей надеть на вечеринку, уже час.
Он любит ее с детства.
Боб чинит свою машину со вчерашнего дня.
Сэм ищет работу четыре месяца. Он уже посетил две фирмы.
Сколько лет ты его знаешь?
Почему вы не писали нам все эти годы?
К настоящему моменту они обсудили три статьи.
С кем ты разговариваешь уже два часа?