- •Российский государственный торгово-экономический университет Учебник для студентов торгово-экономических специальностей английский язык
- •Содержание
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 1 – 3
- •I. Complete the sentences using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Insert the right preposition
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 4-6
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Complete the sentences with can, could, be able to, must, have to, be to, should in appropriate forms. Use several options and translate the sentences.
- •IV. Insert the right preposition.
- •V. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 7-8
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Fill in the right preposition
- •III. Match the words to make pairs
- •IV. Combine the sentences using Past Simple and Past Perfect.
- •V. Make comparisons using more - the most; better – the best; as…as; not so as; -er, -est where necessary.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 10
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 9-10
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Put the following sentences into the Reported Speech.
- •III. Insert the right preposition.
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Unit 11
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 12
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 13
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 14
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 13, 14
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Open the brackets using conditionals.
- •III. Put the verbs into the right form.
- •IV. Rewrite the following sentences using Complex Subject.
- •Resource File. Activate your Grammar.
- •Text Bank Unit 1. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 2. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 5 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 6 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it. The Sales Manager
- •Unit 7 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 8. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 9. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 10. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Present Continuous
- •3. Present Simple
- •4. Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
- •5. Past Simple
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in the past simple tense.
- •6. Past Continuous
- •7. Past Simple vs Past Continuous.
- •8. Present Perfect Simple
- •9. Present Perfect vs Past Simple
- •Compare
- •Compare these sentences.
- •10. Present Perfect Continuous
- •Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Continuous. Compare these sentences
- •12. Past Perfect
- •13. Future Forms
- •2. Be going to (do)
- •3. Present Continuous1 with a future meaning.
- •4. Present Simple with a future meaning.
- •5. Future Continuous
- •Ex. 1. Put the following sentences in the negative and question forms (yes/no questions).
- •Ex. 2. Put the verbs into the correct form.
- •Ex. 3. Make one sentence from two sentences.
- •Ex. 4. Are you (your friend, your parents) going to do/ not going to do these things tomorrow?
- •Ex. 5. Put the verb in the correct form using will or going to.
- •Ex. 6. What will these people be doing tomorrow from 8 till 8-30 in the morning?
- •Ex. 7. Write some sentences about your plans for the next few days.
- •Ex. 8. Choose the correct verb form in the following pairs of sentences.
- •14. Revision of Tenses
- •15. Modal Verbs (Basic Rules)
- •2. Must – have to – be to
- •Ex. 5. Put in must or have to.
- •Ex. 6. Put in must or had to.
- •Ex. 7. Make questions with have to.
- •Ex. 8. Make negative sentences with have to.
- •Ex. 9. Underline the correct verb form.
- •4. Should (do)
- •1. General Questions
- •2. Special Questions
- •3. Alternative questions
- •17. Reported Speech
- •Verb in the past.
- •18. There (is) and It (is)
- •Ex. 3. Complete the dialogue with used to or didn’t use to.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •20. Conditionals Type 1
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense using type 1 conditional.
- •Ex. 2. Open the brackets using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 3. Give advice using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 5. Rewrite the following story using type 3 conditional.
- •E.G. If Ron hadn’t slept until twelve yesterday, he wouldn’t have failed the exam. Continue rewriting the story. Ex. 6. Match the following parts of the sentence
- •Ex. 8. Translate the sentences into English.
- •21. Passive Voice
- •22. Complex Subject
- •Ex. 1. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Ex. 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the Complex Subject.
- •Ex. 3. Translate the sentences into English.
- •23. Gerund
- •25. Participles
- •Participle I has four forms:
- •26. Complex Object
- •27. Articles
- •28. Pronouns
- •Demonstrative pronouns
- •29. Some, Any, No
- •30. Compound pronouns.
- •31. Much, Many, Little, Few, a Lot (of)
- •32. Adjectives and Adverbs
- •33. Comparisons
- •Irregular Forms.
- •2. The same as
- •34. Other and Another
- •Ex. 1. Fill in the blanks with other, another, the other.
- •Ex. 2. Insert other or others.
- •We write ’ after nouns in plural
- •We use the possessive (’s) structure when the first noun is the name of a person, group of people, animal, organization, country.
- •E.G. Rules: club / football
- •36. So and Such
- •37. Enough and Too
- •Compare:
- •Ex. 3. Use too or enough.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •38. Relative Сlauses
- •39. Prepositions At / on / in (time)
- •E.G. On Monday
- •For / During
- •In / at and to (places and directions)
- •40. Irregular Verbs
- •41. Word-Formation
- •42. Abbreviation List
We write ’ after nouns in plural
E.g. my friends’ house
We use the possessive (’s) structure when the first noun is the name of a person, group of people, animal, organization, country.
E.g. my mother’s name (the name of my mother)
the firm’s structure (the structure of the firm)
England’s policy (the policy of England)
the dog’s leg (the leg of the dog)
We can also use –’s with time words
E.g. tomorrow’s meeting
this evening’s debate
In other cases we generally prefer a structure with of.
E.g. the discussion of the project.
Ex. 4 Combine nouns using –’s or where possible – of.
the bed / the patient
the rain / last week
Britain / export
the meaning / the word
the front / the house
my parents / the house
my sister / the job
the club / the rules
the sales manager / the main problem
the table / the leg
this week / the timetable
the playground / the children
the theory / education
the views / my son
the region / profit
the success / the company
the 2nd floor / the building
the prize / the winner
the atmosphere / the town
the ceiling / the room
Ex. 5. Make two noun groups from each set of words.
E.G. Rules: club / football
The club’s rules, the rules of football.
arm: Mike, the armchair
ideas: my father, modern chemistry
results: match / my daughter
story: colonization / Robert
style: our time / the author
head: the dog / office
generation: the 1930s / computers
success: my friend / project
Ex. 6. Translate these noun groups into English. Use preposition structure only if “noun + noun” or “possessive” structure are impossible.
машина моего мужа
название книги
размер автомобиля
идея развития фирмы
бизнес моего друга
плитка шоколада
садовая скамейка
дизайн сада
совет вашего отца
политика развития бизнеса
название города
цвет чая
голова собаки
завтрашняя погода
результаты теста
значение слова
правила компании
ручка кресла
стиль моего любимого автора
структура фирмы
офицеры флота
магазин обуви
угол стола
история развития
история компании
первый этаж офиса
проблема коллектива
вчерашняя вечеринка
мнение старшего брата
стиль руководства
36. So and Such
These words are emotional and stress the meaning of the adjective (or adverb).
So is used only with an adjective or an adverb.
Such is used with a noun and an adjective + noun.
E.g. It was such a beautiful day!
The day was so beautiful!
He is such a fast runner!
He can run so fast!
Remember: We always use “a” after such if the noun is countable, in the singular form.
We never use “a” with uncountable nouns.
E.g. It was such a cold day!
It was such cold weather!
Remember: we say: “so long” but “such a long time”.
E.g. I haven’t seen you so long! or I haven’t seen you for such a long time!
We say: “so much”, “so many” but “such a lot of”.
E.g. There is so much wine on the table!
There is such a lot of wine on the table!
Ex. 1. Use such, such a or so in the following sentences.
We had ___ fun at the party!
How could you be ____ mean?
The car was ___ expensive!
He was ____ good tennis-player!
I wouldn’t make ___ quick decision.
The building was ______ old, it seemed it was going to fall!
Your advice was _______ useful to me!
It is _____ important news!
The information was _____ unusual!
I feel _____ tired, I can hardly move!
Ex. 2. Complete the sentences, choosing the right answer.
The day was _____ cold, that we didn’t go out.
a) such b) such a c) so
Why is ______ beautiful girl crying, sitting alone?
a) so b) such c) such a
He had _____ long hair that we thought he was a hippie.
a) such b) such a c) so
You work _______ much, you need a good rest!
a) so b) such c) such a
Who has brought _______ wonderful news?
a) so b) such a c) such
This is ______ good advice!
a) so b) such a c) such
They ran ________ fast, one could think a monster was after them.
a) so b) such c) such a
It was ________ nice trip, everybody was very pleased!
a) such b) so c) such a
I was ______ lucky to get a ticket to Mc. Cartney’s concert!
a) such b) such a c) so
She is ________ sensible woman. She always gets things right.
a) so b) such a c) such
Ex. 3. Translate the sentences into English.
Вы так хорошо водите машину!
Кто это так шумит?
Погода была такая замечательная, что мы решили поехать на пикник.
Он так устал, что не может сейчас ни с кем разговаривать.
Это такие чудесные цветы! Где вы их купили?
Я не могу сидеть в такой душной комнате!
Вы говорите так тихо, что я ничего не слышу!
Она всегда дает такие полезные советы!
Мы провели такой чудесный уик-энд в горах!
Он выглядел таким несчастным после экзамена.
Это такие ужасные новости, я не знаю, как ей сказать об этом.
Он такой талантливый программист, он знает так много о компьютерах!
Я так люблю вас!
Он знает такое множество интересных историй!
Я так давно не видел своего двоюродного брата!
Она так долго ждет вас!