- •Российский государственный торгово-экономический университет Учебник для студентов торгово-экономических специальностей английский язык
- •Содержание
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 1 – 3
- •I. Complete the sentences using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Insert the right preposition
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 4-6
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Complete the sentences with can, could, be able to, must, have to, be to, should in appropriate forms. Use several options and translate the sentences.
- •IV. Insert the right preposition.
- •V. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 7-8
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Fill in the right preposition
- •III. Match the words to make pairs
- •IV. Combine the sentences using Past Simple and Past Perfect.
- •V. Make comparisons using more - the most; better – the best; as…as; not so as; -er, -est where necessary.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 10
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 9-10
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Put the following sentences into the Reported Speech.
- •III. Insert the right preposition.
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Unit 11
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 12
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 13
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 14
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 13, 14
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Open the brackets using conditionals.
- •III. Put the verbs into the right form.
- •IV. Rewrite the following sentences using Complex Subject.
- •Resource File. Activate your Grammar.
- •Text Bank Unit 1. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 2. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 5 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 6 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it. The Sales Manager
- •Unit 7 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 8. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 9. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 10. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Present Continuous
- •3. Present Simple
- •4. Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
- •5. Past Simple
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in the past simple tense.
- •6. Past Continuous
- •7. Past Simple vs Past Continuous.
- •8. Present Perfect Simple
- •9. Present Perfect vs Past Simple
- •Compare
- •Compare these sentences.
- •10. Present Perfect Continuous
- •Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Continuous. Compare these sentences
- •12. Past Perfect
- •13. Future Forms
- •2. Be going to (do)
- •3. Present Continuous1 with a future meaning.
- •4. Present Simple with a future meaning.
- •5. Future Continuous
- •Ex. 1. Put the following sentences in the negative and question forms (yes/no questions).
- •Ex. 2. Put the verbs into the correct form.
- •Ex. 3. Make one sentence from two sentences.
- •Ex. 4. Are you (your friend, your parents) going to do/ not going to do these things tomorrow?
- •Ex. 5. Put the verb in the correct form using will or going to.
- •Ex. 6. What will these people be doing tomorrow from 8 till 8-30 in the morning?
- •Ex. 7. Write some sentences about your plans for the next few days.
- •Ex. 8. Choose the correct verb form in the following pairs of sentences.
- •14. Revision of Tenses
- •15. Modal Verbs (Basic Rules)
- •2. Must – have to – be to
- •Ex. 5. Put in must or have to.
- •Ex. 6. Put in must or had to.
- •Ex. 7. Make questions with have to.
- •Ex. 8. Make negative sentences with have to.
- •Ex. 9. Underline the correct verb form.
- •4. Should (do)
- •1. General Questions
- •2. Special Questions
- •3. Alternative questions
- •17. Reported Speech
- •Verb in the past.
- •18. There (is) and It (is)
- •Ex. 3. Complete the dialogue with used to or didn’t use to.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •20. Conditionals Type 1
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense using type 1 conditional.
- •Ex. 2. Open the brackets using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 3. Give advice using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 5. Rewrite the following story using type 3 conditional.
- •E.G. If Ron hadn’t slept until twelve yesterday, he wouldn’t have failed the exam. Continue rewriting the story. Ex. 6. Match the following parts of the sentence
- •Ex. 8. Translate the sentences into English.
- •21. Passive Voice
- •22. Complex Subject
- •Ex. 1. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Ex. 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the Complex Subject.
- •Ex. 3. Translate the sentences into English.
- •23. Gerund
- •25. Participles
- •Participle I has four forms:
- •26. Complex Object
- •27. Articles
- •28. Pronouns
- •Demonstrative pronouns
- •29. Some, Any, No
- •30. Compound pronouns.
- •31. Much, Many, Little, Few, a Lot (of)
- •32. Adjectives and Adverbs
- •33. Comparisons
- •Irregular Forms.
- •2. The same as
- •34. Other and Another
- •Ex. 1. Fill in the blanks with other, another, the other.
- •Ex. 2. Insert other or others.
- •We write ’ after nouns in plural
- •We use the possessive (’s) structure when the first noun is the name of a person, group of people, animal, organization, country.
- •E.G. Rules: club / football
- •36. So and Such
- •37. Enough and Too
- •Compare:
- •Ex. 3. Use too or enough.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •38. Relative Сlauses
- •39. Prepositions At / on / in (time)
- •E.G. On Monday
- •For / During
- •In / at and to (places and directions)
- •40. Irregular Verbs
- •41. Word-Formation
- •42. Abbreviation List
Vocabulary
1. appointment (n, C) - деловое свидание, условленная встреча
to make an appointment with smb for some time - назначить встречу (с кем-л. на какое-л. время)
break an appointment - не прийти на встречу.
appoint (v) - назначать, определять (время, место и т. п.)
2. be in charge of (smth / doing smth)- отвечать за что-л., быть ответственным за что-л.
Syn: be responsible for
3. business matter - деловой вопрос/проблема
Syn: business issue
4. campaign (n, C) - кампания
a campaign against smth / for smth – кампания против чего-л. / за что-л.
campaign against smoking — кампания по борьбе с курением
to carry out a campaign — проводить кампанию
an advertising campaign — рекламная кампания
5. consist of (v) - состоять из
6. customer (n, C) - заказчик, покупатель; клиент
Syn: buyer
7. department (n, C) - подразделение в каком-л. учреждении; отдел
accounting department - бухгалтерия
finance department - финансовый отдел;
sales department – отдел сбыта; коммерческий отдел
8. discount (n, C) - скидка
a discount on the goods – скидка на товары
a discount off the price – скидка с цены
to give / get a discount — предоставить / получить скидку
9. efficient (adj) – результативный (о работе), квалифицированный (о человеке)
efficient in smth – квалифицированный в чем-л.
efficiency in smth (n, U) - эффективность, результативность, производительность в чем-л.
10. expand (v) - расширять(ся)
E.g. Our trade with China is expanding. — Наша торговля с Китаем расширяется.
11. foreign (adj) - иностранный; зарубежный
foreign market — внешний рынок
Syn: overseas
Ant: domestic; home
12. goods (n) pl. - товар; товары
E.g. Your goods appeal to us. – Нам нравится ваш товар / ваши товары.
manufactured goods — промышленные товары
consumer goods — потребительские товары
13. increase (v) - увеличивать(ся); расти; (from… to – с… по);
to increase by 10% — увеличиться на 10%
to increase to 10% - увеличиться до 10%
to increase in number — увеличиваться в числе
14. look through smth (v) - просматривать что-л.
15. meet the standards - соответствовать стандартам
16. price (n, C) - цена
at a price of …— по цене в…
a price for — цена на / за (что-л.)
18. quality (n, U) – качество
high quality — высокое качество
low, poor quality — плохое качество
to be of high/low quality
19. reasonable (adj) - приемлемый, умеренный, разумный (о цене)
E.g. The price is reasonable to us. – Цена для нас приемлема.
20. run (v) (ran, run) - руководить, управлять; контролировать;
to run a company, a business – руководить компанией, управлять бизнесом
21. solution to (a problem) (n, C) - решение, разрешение (проблемы)
to solve a problem – решить проблему
22. subsidiary (n, C) – дочерняя компания
23. supplier (n, C) - поставщик
supply (n, C) - снабжение, поставка
E.g. We are having negotiations with our main suppliers now. – Мы ведем переговоры с нашими главными поставщиками.
to supply smb with smth- снабжать кого-л. чем-л.
24. switch on (v) - включать (свет, компьютер и т. п.)
switch off – выключать (свет, компьютер и т. п.)
25. talks (n) - переговоры
to have talks with smb– вести переговоры c кем-либо;
Syn: negotiations
26. terms (n, C) - условия соглашения, договора
under the terms of an agreement — по условиям соглашения;
terms of delivery and payment – условия поставки и оплаты
27. up-to-date (adj) - современный; новейший
UNIT 3
Grammar: Past Simple; Past Continuous
Reading: The History of the Ford Motor Company
The Ford Motor Company entered the business world on July 16, 1903 with only $ 28,000 in cash. At that time it was a small company in a Detroit wagon factory with 10 people on the staff.
One year after the company started its operations (in 1904) the foreign expansion programme began.
On August 17, 1904 a modest plant opened in the small town Walkersville, Ontario, with the name of the Ford Motor Company of Canada, Ltd. It was the beginning of an overseas organization of manufacturing plants, assembly plants and a dealer network.
The company had hard times in its first years, young Henry Ford, as chief engineer and later as president, directed a development and production programme. Some of Ford cars were experimental and never reached the public. But some of their models were an immediate success.
During the years of its fast expansion the Ford Motor Company was producing trucks and tractors (in 1917) it bought the Lincoln Motor Company (in 1922), built the first of 196 Ford Tri-Motor airplanes which in 1925 America’s first commercial airlines used with a great success.
In 1942 the civilian car production stopped as the company was working for the U.S. war industry. The huge wartime programme was producing “Liberator” bombers, aircraft engines, jeeps, tanks and other types of war machinery.
Ford was the first international company. In 1914 it had assembly plants in Canada, Europe, Australia, South America and Japan. The real opportunity to become a global company came with the electronic revolution of the late 1980s. In 1987 Ford launched a computer-based system that linked manufacturing and engineering groups in Ford factories all over the world. Now Ford represents itself in 200 countries around the world. It is the world’s second-largest industrial corporation and the second-largest producer of cars and trucks.
Although Ford is better known as a manufacturer of cars, trucks and tractors, it now produces a wide range of other products such as industrial engines, construction machinery, glass and plastics. And Ford has a good reputation in other businesses: financial services, insurance, automobile spare parts, and electronics.