- •Российский государственный торгово-экономический университет Учебник для студентов торгово-экономических специальностей английский язык
- •Содержание
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 1 – 3
- •I. Complete the sentences using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Insert the right preposition
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 4-6
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Complete the sentences with can, could, be able to, must, have to, be to, should in appropriate forms. Use several options and translate the sentences.
- •IV. Insert the right preposition.
- •V. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 7-8
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Fill in the right preposition
- •III. Match the words to make pairs
- •IV. Combine the sentences using Past Simple and Past Perfect.
- •V. Make comparisons using more - the most; better – the best; as…as; not so as; -er, -est where necessary.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 10
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 9-10
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Put the following sentences into the Reported Speech.
- •III. Insert the right preposition.
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Unit 11
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 12
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 13
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 14
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 13, 14
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Open the brackets using conditionals.
- •III. Put the verbs into the right form.
- •IV. Rewrite the following sentences using Complex Subject.
- •Resource File. Activate your Grammar.
- •Text Bank Unit 1. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 2. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 5 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 6 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it. The Sales Manager
- •Unit 7 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 8. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 9. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 10. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Present Continuous
- •3. Present Simple
- •4. Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
- •5. Past Simple
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in the past simple tense.
- •6. Past Continuous
- •7. Past Simple vs Past Continuous.
- •8. Present Perfect Simple
- •9. Present Perfect vs Past Simple
- •Compare
- •Compare these sentences.
- •10. Present Perfect Continuous
- •Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Continuous. Compare these sentences
- •12. Past Perfect
- •13. Future Forms
- •2. Be going to (do)
- •3. Present Continuous1 with a future meaning.
- •4. Present Simple with a future meaning.
- •5. Future Continuous
- •Ex. 1. Put the following sentences in the negative and question forms (yes/no questions).
- •Ex. 2. Put the verbs into the correct form.
- •Ex. 3. Make one sentence from two sentences.
- •Ex. 4. Are you (your friend, your parents) going to do/ not going to do these things tomorrow?
- •Ex. 5. Put the verb in the correct form using will or going to.
- •Ex. 6. What will these people be doing tomorrow from 8 till 8-30 in the morning?
- •Ex. 7. Write some sentences about your plans for the next few days.
- •Ex. 8. Choose the correct verb form in the following pairs of sentences.
- •14. Revision of Tenses
- •15. Modal Verbs (Basic Rules)
- •2. Must – have to – be to
- •Ex. 5. Put in must or have to.
- •Ex. 6. Put in must or had to.
- •Ex. 7. Make questions with have to.
- •Ex. 8. Make negative sentences with have to.
- •Ex. 9. Underline the correct verb form.
- •4. Should (do)
- •1. General Questions
- •2. Special Questions
- •3. Alternative questions
- •17. Reported Speech
- •Verb in the past.
- •18. There (is) and It (is)
- •Ex. 3. Complete the dialogue with used to or didn’t use to.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •20. Conditionals Type 1
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense using type 1 conditional.
- •Ex. 2. Open the brackets using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 3. Give advice using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 5. Rewrite the following story using type 3 conditional.
- •E.G. If Ron hadn’t slept until twelve yesterday, he wouldn’t have failed the exam. Continue rewriting the story. Ex. 6. Match the following parts of the sentence
- •Ex. 8. Translate the sentences into English.
- •21. Passive Voice
- •22. Complex Subject
- •Ex. 1. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Ex. 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the Complex Subject.
- •Ex. 3. Translate the sentences into English.
- •23. Gerund
- •25. Participles
- •Participle I has four forms:
- •26. Complex Object
- •27. Articles
- •28. Pronouns
- •Demonstrative pronouns
- •29. Some, Any, No
- •30. Compound pronouns.
- •31. Much, Many, Little, Few, a Lot (of)
- •32. Adjectives and Adverbs
- •33. Comparisons
- •Irregular Forms.
- •2. The same as
- •34. Other and Another
- •Ex. 1. Fill in the blanks with other, another, the other.
- •Ex. 2. Insert other or others.
- •We write ’ after nouns in plural
- •We use the possessive (’s) structure when the first noun is the name of a person, group of people, animal, organization, country.
- •E.G. Rules: club / football
- •36. So and Such
- •37. Enough and Too
- •Compare:
- •Ex. 3. Use too or enough.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •38. Relative Сlauses
- •39. Prepositions At / on / in (time)
- •E.G. On Monday
- •For / During
- •In / at and to (places and directions)
- •40. Irregular Verbs
- •41. Word-Formation
- •42. Abbreviation List
Vocabulary
afford smth/to do smth (v) – позволить себе что-л./сделать что-л.
E.g. She could not afford to travel abroad. – Она не могла позволить себе поехать за границу.
apparent (adj) – очевидный, явный
E.g. The solution to the problem is apparent. – Решение этой проблемы очевидно.
apparently (adv) – очевидно, явно
3. arrangement (n, C) - мероприятие, план
E.g. What are the arrangements for today? – Какие планы на сегодня?
to make arrangements with smb – договариваться с кем-л.
to make arrangements for smth – делать приготовления к чему-л.
E.g. Who will make arrangements with Mr Brown for the trade fair? – Кто договорится с господином Брауном по поводу торговой ярмарки?
arrange (v) - устроить, условиться, договориться
to arrange to do smth – договориться о том чтобы сделать что-л.;
E.g. I am afraid I can not arrange this meeting. – Боюсь, я не могу организовать эту встречу.
4. disaster (n, C) – бедствие, несчастье
to cause a disaster – вызвать катастрофу.
E.g. What caused this national disaster? – Что вызвало эту национальную катастрофу?
disastrous (adj) – бедственный, гибельный, отвратительный
enterprise (n, C) – 1)промышленное предприятие
a private enterprise – частное предприятие
a public enterprise – государственное предприятие
2) (n, U) предпринимательство
failure (n, C) – неудача, провал
E.g. That enterprise was a failure. – Это предприятие потерпело провал.
fail smth (v) – потерпеть неудачу, провалить что-л.
E.g. She failed her driving test. – Она не сдала экзамен по вождению.
fail in smth (v) – потерпеть неудачу в чем-л.
fire (v) – увольнять
Syn: dismiss, sack
Ant: hire, employ
E.g. He is responsible for hiring and firing. – Он отвечает за наем на работу и увольнение.
item (n, C) – пункт, вопрос (на повестке заседания), предмет
an item of the contract – пункт контракта
load (v) – грузить, загружать
E.g. Load the new programme into your PC. – Загрузи в свой компьютер новую программу.
to unload – разгружать
E.g. They unloaded the ship. – Они разгрузили корабль.
to overload – перегружать
E.g. Students think they are overloaded. – Студенты думают, что они перегружены.
realize (v) – 1)осуществлять, реализовывать;
to realize a strategy – осуществлять стратегию
2) понимать, осознавать
to realize that we are wrong – понять, что мы неправы
take into account – принимать во внимание
E.g. Why haven’t you taken into account his ideas? – Почему вы не приняли во внимание его идеи?
trust (v) – верить, доверять
E.g. I do not trust this bank. – Я не доверяю этому банку.
trust (n, U)– вера, доверие
E.g. Don’t lose trust in your ideals. – Не теряйте веру в свои идеалы.
trustworthy (adj) - заслуживающий доверия; надёжный
a trustworthy person – надежный человек
Consolidation Units 13, 14
I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
1. He was … for breaking the law.
a) employed b) fired c) appreciated
2. She was … by the failure at the exam.
a) pleased b) glad c) upset
3. What was the … of the conflict?
a) cause b) reason c) item
4. The car is so … it can hardly move.
a) failed b) loaded c) fulled
5. The … of the negotiations has made the situation worse.
a) success b) situation c) failure
6.One of the factors that we should … is the size of the market.
a) take into account b) presume c) arrange
7. I have made all the … for my journey.
a) responses b) arrangements c) items
8. You can’t … a word he says.
a) realize b) afford c) trust
9. Different … are said to be effective in resolving conflicts.
a) techniques b) responses c) problems
10.She finally … her goal.
a) adopted b) resolved c) realized