- •Российский государственный торгово-экономический университет Учебник для студентов торгово-экономических специальностей английский язык
- •Содержание
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 1 – 3
- •I. Complete the sentences using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Insert the right preposition
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 4-6
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Complete the sentences with can, could, be able to, must, have to, be to, should in appropriate forms. Use several options and translate the sentences.
- •IV. Insert the right preposition.
- •V. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 7-8
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Fill in the right preposition
- •III. Match the words to make pairs
- •IV. Combine the sentences using Past Simple and Past Perfect.
- •V. Make comparisons using more - the most; better – the best; as…as; not so as; -er, -est where necessary.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 10
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 9-10
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Put the following sentences into the Reported Speech.
- •III. Insert the right preposition.
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Unit 11
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 12
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 13
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 14
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 13, 14
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Open the brackets using conditionals.
- •III. Put the verbs into the right form.
- •IV. Rewrite the following sentences using Complex Subject.
- •Resource File. Activate your Grammar.
- •Text Bank Unit 1. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 2. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 5 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 6 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it. The Sales Manager
- •Unit 7 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 8. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 9. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 10. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Present Continuous
- •3. Present Simple
- •4. Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
- •5. Past Simple
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in the past simple tense.
- •6. Past Continuous
- •7. Past Simple vs Past Continuous.
- •8. Present Perfect Simple
- •9. Present Perfect vs Past Simple
- •Compare
- •Compare these sentences.
- •10. Present Perfect Continuous
- •Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Continuous. Compare these sentences
- •12. Past Perfect
- •13. Future Forms
- •2. Be going to (do)
- •3. Present Continuous1 with a future meaning.
- •4. Present Simple with a future meaning.
- •5. Future Continuous
- •Ex. 1. Put the following sentences in the negative and question forms (yes/no questions).
- •Ex. 2. Put the verbs into the correct form.
- •Ex. 3. Make one sentence from two sentences.
- •Ex. 4. Are you (your friend, your parents) going to do/ not going to do these things tomorrow?
- •Ex. 5. Put the verb in the correct form using will or going to.
- •Ex. 6. What will these people be doing tomorrow from 8 till 8-30 in the morning?
- •Ex. 7. Write some sentences about your plans for the next few days.
- •Ex. 8. Choose the correct verb form in the following pairs of sentences.
- •14. Revision of Tenses
- •15. Modal Verbs (Basic Rules)
- •2. Must – have to – be to
- •Ex. 5. Put in must or have to.
- •Ex. 6. Put in must or had to.
- •Ex. 7. Make questions with have to.
- •Ex. 8. Make negative sentences with have to.
- •Ex. 9. Underline the correct verb form.
- •4. Should (do)
- •1. General Questions
- •2. Special Questions
- •3. Alternative questions
- •17. Reported Speech
- •Verb in the past.
- •18. There (is) and It (is)
- •Ex. 3. Complete the dialogue with used to or didn’t use to.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •20. Conditionals Type 1
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense using type 1 conditional.
- •Ex. 2. Open the brackets using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 3. Give advice using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 5. Rewrite the following story using type 3 conditional.
- •E.G. If Ron hadn’t slept until twelve yesterday, he wouldn’t have failed the exam. Continue rewriting the story. Ex. 6. Match the following parts of the sentence
- •Ex. 8. Translate the sentences into English.
- •21. Passive Voice
- •22. Complex Subject
- •Ex. 1. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Ex. 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the Complex Subject.
- •Ex. 3. Translate the sentences into English.
- •23. Gerund
- •25. Participles
- •Participle I has four forms:
- •26. Complex Object
- •27. Articles
- •28. Pronouns
- •Demonstrative pronouns
- •29. Some, Any, No
- •30. Compound pronouns.
- •31. Much, Many, Little, Few, a Lot (of)
- •32. Adjectives and Adverbs
- •33. Comparisons
- •Irregular Forms.
- •2. The same as
- •34. Other and Another
- •Ex. 1. Fill in the blanks with other, another, the other.
- •Ex. 2. Insert other or others.
- •We write ’ after nouns in plural
- •We use the possessive (’s) structure when the first noun is the name of a person, group of people, animal, organization, country.
- •E.G. Rules: club / football
- •36. So and Such
- •37. Enough and Too
- •Compare:
- •Ex. 3. Use too or enough.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •38. Relative Сlauses
- •39. Prepositions At / on / in (time)
- •E.G. On Monday
- •For / During
- •In / at and to (places and directions)
- •40. Irregular Verbs
- •41. Word-Formation
- •42. Abbreviation List
9. Present Perfect vs Past Simple
is used to describe is used to describe
an action in the time an action in
“up to now” “finished time”
(there is a connection (no connection with the present)
between the past and the present)
Compare
Typical time words: Typical time words:
this week when
never yesterday
today last month
lately in 1981
for ages ten minutes ago
long ago, etc.
Compare these sentences.
Present Perfect |
Past Simple |
|
|
We know the result, but we don’t know the time of the action. |
We know exactly when the action took place in the past. |
Ex. 1. Finished or unfinished time? Put the expressions in two lists.
A long time ago, one Saturday morning, in my life, last weekend, for the last ten years, the day before yesterday, when he was a child, before, lately, ever since he left college, when she was at university, in that job, last year. |
Ex. 2. Complete each sentence a) to j) with an appropriate ending from 1) to 10)
Do not use an ending more than once.
a) I haven’t cooked dinner ……. |
1) when she was at university |
b) I have done hundreds of jobs ….. |
2) so far |
c) He studied geography……… |
3) when he was 19 |
d) I’ve known her…………….. |
4) lately |
e) I have made sandwiches…….. |
5) over the years |
f) I waited outside your house…… |
6) the other day |
g) I have seen Kate rather often…. |
7) till a quarter to 10 |
h) The price of petrol has risen by 10%… |
8) over the recent years |
i) He last went to a football match |
9) yet |
j) He went to the hairdresser’s |
10) all my life |
Ex. 3. Open the brackets using the verbs in present perfect and past simple.
1. Our company (reach) good results this year.
2. Our company (reach) good results last year.
3. Mr. Jefferson just (send) a fax to our partners.
4. Mr. Jefferson (send) a fax to our partners yesterday.
5. You (see) my mobile? I can’t find it.
6. You (see) my new car when I (come) to work on Monday?
7. Mrs. and Mr. McCartney (live) in London for 25 years.
8. Mrs. and Mr. McCartney (live) in London before the 2nd World War.
9. We (not to buy) anything when we (be) in Paris.
10. We (not to buy) anything for the picnic yet.
11. Our Managing Director (be) ill since Tuesday.
12. Our Managing Director (be) ill last month and (not to sign) the papers.
Ex. 4. Choose the right answer.
1.We … a holiday this summer yet.
a) didn’t have
b) don’t have
c) haven’t had
2. You … my pen again!
take
have taken
took
3. She … very happy when we came back.
a) is
b) was
c) has been
4. Last Sunday she … ill and didn’t go on a picnic.
a) has been
b)is
c)was
5. When … you … this document last?
a)did … see
b)have … seen
c)do … see
6. We … your passport, so could you come to our office and take it?
a)find
b)found
c)have found
7 .Where … you at 8.30 yesterday?
a)have been
b)were
c)are
8. He … this book and now you can take it if you like.
a)has read
b)read
c)reads
9. I … the whole evening writing invitations and went to bed late.
a)have spent
b)spend
c)spent
Ex. 5. Translate the sentences into English using Past Simple and Present Perfect.
1. Вчера мы встретили Билла в ресторане.
2. Я только что встретила свою подругу.
3. Вы когда-нибудь были в Египте?
4. Я был в Греции в прошлом году.
5. Мы никогда еще не пробовали японскую еду.
6. Вчера мы попробовали «суши» и нам не понравилось.
7. Они начали производство этих автомобилей в 1997 г.
8. Они только что начали производить эти машины и еще не получили много заказов.
9. Вы уже подготовили отчет о продажах?
10. Вы вчера говорили с нашим консультантом?
11. В прошлом году мы подписали крупный контракт.
12. На этой неделе мы подписали новый контракт с немецкой фирмой.
13. Эта фирма начала сотрудничать с нами два года назад.
14. Мы купили новый дом прошлым летом.
15. Я уже видел эти документы.