Nematodoses

ASCARIDOSIS (LUMBICOSIS)

Ascariasis is a most frequent helminthiasis. The causative agent is Ascaris Lumbricoides. The human being is a source of the disease.

DIAGNOSTICS

1. In an early phase of ascariadosis the basis for diagnostics is the toxico-allergic syndrome (exanthema, eosinophilia)

2. Detection of ascarides larvas in sputum and immunological precipitation test with alive ascarides larvae.

3. In subsequent phases the detection of ascarides eggs during the research of feces by a saturation method (by Phulleborn or Kalantarjan method) can help in diagnostics.

TREATMENT

LEVOMIZOL is prescribed once per day in 150 mg (adults) after supper before sleep. For children 50 mg to 20 kg of weight. Special preparation and giving laxative is not required.

MEBENDAZOL (Vermoxum). A dose for adults is 100 mg 2 times a day within 3-4 days. ALBENDASOL (Nemozole) has to be given in a single dose 400 mg.

KOMBANTRIN (Pyrantelum pamoatum) is prescribed in one dose of 10 mg/kg while meal for a 1 day.

ANCYLOSTOMIDOSES

Ancylostomidoses are wide-spread in tropical and subtropical zones, especially in Southern and Central America, Asia (India, Japan) and Africa. The agents are round helminths (Ancylostoma duadenale, A. Braziliense, Necator americanus). The infection occurs through the skin of legs during the contact with ground and as a result of using infected food.

DIAGNOSTICS

1. Itch and erythema with papular rash in the place of larvas invegion

2. Cough, hoarseness.

3. Pharyngalgia, rising of temperature.

4. Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea.

5. Progressing anemia.

6. Depigmentation of skin in darkskinned people.

7. Food perversion: there occurs a wish to eat coal, clay, ground, paper.

TREATMENT

Naftamonum is prescribed in 5 gr, only one dose, before meal during 1 - 3 days; Mebendazolum is nominated in 100 mg 2 times a day during 3 days; Levanizolum - up to 5 mg/kg one dose for 2-3 days, Tiabendazolum up tol 25 mg/kg 2 times a day for2 days. The drug of choice - ALBENDASOL (Nemozole) is prescribed in 400 mg 1-2 times a day for 1 day. In the development of iron deficiency anemia the iron preparations and Acidums folicum are proscribed.

DRACONTIASIS

The dracontiasis affected approximately 50 million people in western, central and northeast districts of Africa, in Near East, in Iran, Pakistan, India, in northeast of Southern America, and also on islands of the Caribbean sea. The dracontiasis is a helminthiasis of a conjunctive and hypodermic tissue caused by a guinea worm (by a nematode Drancunculus medinensis). The signs of illness arise at the moment of perforation of a skin a pregnant female with the purpose of excretion eggs on external medium. The people catch at the use of raw drinking water.

DIAGNOSTICS

1. Fever.

2. Generalized urticaria.

3. Periorbital edema.

4. Difficult breathing.

5. Formation of a bubble with the localization in the area of feet and malleoluses.

6. Local pain, itch.

7. Dracontiasis ulcers.

8. In laboratory diagnostics the indirect reaction of immunofluorescence (IRIF), IFA, intraskin allergy test are usually used.

TREATMENT

If helminth is possible to palpate or clearly see its contours, it can sometimes be completely removed by means of one cut. It is possible to remove a helminth gradually if daily some centimeters of length of a parasite body are reeled up of a on a rod. The application of NIRIDAZOLUM (ambilgar) results in a fast cupping off symptoms. The drug is prescribed in a daily dose of 25 mg/kg of body mass fractionally in 3 receptions for 7 days. TIABENDAZOL prescribed in a dose of 55-150 mg/kg 2 times a day for 2 days or METRONIDAZOL 250 mg 3 times a day within 7 days also are effective for a cupping of signs.

ENTEROBIOSIS

The diseases is widely-spread in all the world. The causative agent - Enterobius vermicularis. The infection of the man occurs by swallowing mature eggs with food and by drifting them in to the mouth and nose with a dust.

DIAGNOSTICS

Perianal itch — the most often sign of enterobiosis. It occurs in the evening and at night as a result of helminth creeping out from an anal aperture, when the sphincter is a little relaxed.

TREATMENT

VANCIN (pervinium pamoatum) is used in 5 mg/kg of weight as a (single) course dose is applied inside. The endurance of the drug is good.

KOMBANTRINUM (Pyrantelum) is applied in a single dose of 10 mg on 1 kg of weight during meal.

VERMOXUM (Mebendazolum) is prescribed as a course for 1-2 days for adults in 100 mg 1-2 times a day, the children dose contains 2-2,5 mg/kg.