- •Государственное образовательное учреждение
- •Courts and trials (topical vocabulary)
- •Set Work
- •I. Study the above given lexical units.
- •II. Give words for the following definitions.
- •III. Translate into English:
- •Crime and punishment
- •Set Work
- •Set Work
- •Set Work
- •I. What would you have done?
- •II. Look at these statements. What do you think about them?
- •III. Look at this list of ‘crimes’. Try and rate each crime on a scale from 1-10. (1 is a minor misdemeanor, 10 is a very serious crime.) They are in no order.
- •IV. Compare your list with another student’s. Which of you would be the harsher judge? Which would be the kinder?
- •Thief challenges dose of shame as punishment
- •Set Work
- •Women behind bars
- •Set Work
- •VI. State the idea behind the lines below and enlarge on it.
- •VII. Sum up the key points of the article.
- •VIII. Points for discussion.
- •Justice in los angeles
- •Set Work
- •V. Points for discussion.
- •VI. Sum up the article and single out its main points. Черное плюс белое равняется красному?
- •Set Work
- •I. Think of the best English equivalents of:
- •II. Say what you know about:
- •III. Points for discussion.
- •IV. Comment on the choice of the headline.
- •Set Work
- •VIII. Enlarge on the idea.
- •IX. Points for discussion.
- •X. Role play.
- •Set Work
- •Set Work
- •VI. Give the gist of the article.
- •VII. Points for discussion.
- •Век бы свободы не видать!
- •Set Work
- •Set Work
- •I. Say what is meant by the following words and word combinations. Reproduce the situations in which they were used.
- •II. Find in the article the English for:
- •III. Interpret the lines below.
- •IV. Comment on the author’s choice of the headline and formulate the key idea running through the article.
- •V. Points for discussion.
- •How british burglars pick their victims
- •Set Work
- •I. Master the pronunciation of the words below. Learn and translate them.
- •II. Explain what is meant by:
- •III. Look through the article for the following English equivalents of:
- •IV. State the difference between the words below. Give examples to illustrate their usage.
- •V. Translate the following sentences.
- •VI. Pete (the burglar described in the article) says he is ten stone. How many kilos is it? How many stones do you weigh?
- •VII. Interpret the idea expressed in the lines below.
- •VIII. Points for discussion.
- •A life inside
- •I. Define the following words and word combinations. Reproduce the situations in which they occur.
- •II. Scan the article for the English equivalents of:
- •III. State the difference between the words below. Give examples to illustrate their usage.
- •IV. Explain what is meant by:
- •V. Say whether you agree or disagree with the lines below.
- •Set Work
- •I. Explain the meaning of the words below. Say how they were used in the article.
- •II. Give the English equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •III. Comment on the statements below.
- •IV. Translate the following sentences.
- •V. Points for discussion.
- •VI. Speak about your stand on capital punishment as “the only way to deter criminals”. To back up either of your viewpoints use the key statements.
- •«Палач является в застенок со всеми инструментами» так добивались правды
- •Set Work
- •III. Practise the pronunciation of the words below:
- •IV. Explain what is meant by:
- •V. State the difference between the following words, give examples to illustrate their usage.
- •VI. What other arguments for and against capital punishment can you add to the list?
- •40 Тезисов в осуждение убийцы
- •Set Work
- •Set Work
- •I. Choose the correct meaning according to the passage.
- •II. Give the Russian equivalents of the following vocabulary units:
- •III. Say if the problem of capital punishment has always been vital. Back up your opinion. Как, где и за что казнят
- •Set Work
- •Set Work
- •Set Work
- •Set Work
- •Set Work
- •II. Find in the article the Russian for:
- •III. Say if you share the idea expressed in the sentences below:
- •IV. Explain the difference between:
- •V. Points for discussion.
- •VI. Render the article into English, trying to use as many words under study as you can.
- •VII. Comment on the headline and formulate the author’s message.
- •Inside the new alcatraz
- •Set Work
- •IX. Points for discussion.
- •X. Comment on the headline.
- •XI. Describe a prison for hard-core criminals, as you see it. Смертникам жизнь хуже расстрела
- •Set Work
- •Set Work
- •I. Think of the best English equivalents of:
- •II. Say what you know about:
- •State power and crime
- •Set Work
- •I. Say what is meant by the words and word combinations below:
- •II. Find in the article the English for:
- •III. Say how you understand the lines below and enlarge on the idea.
- •IV. Is it possible to oppose the demoralization of the very fundaments of the life of the nation? What is the general path of the sanitation of public life and the state itself?
- •V. Sum up the main points of the article. Какие законы нам не указ Почему россияне не верят в законы
- •Set Work
- •I. Think of the best English equivalents of:
- •II. What’s the English for?
- •The holocaust in the dock
- •Set Work
- •VII. Give the gist of the article.
- •VIII. Describe the Swiss-Nazi case and formulate the author’s vision of the problem.
- •IX. How is the Swiss-Nazi case likely to end? What’s the rub? Will justice be done at long last? the making of a suicide bomber
- •Set Work
- •I. Master the pronunciation of the words below. Learn and translate them.
- •II. Explain the meaning of the words below. Say how they were used in the article.
- •III. Look through the article for the English equivalents of:
- •IV. Say what you know about:
- •V. Write out expressions with the word “suicide” and explain what they mean.
- •VI. Say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements and enlarge on them.
- •VII. Points for discussion.
- •VIII. Do a library research on some terrorist organisation and make a short report in class. Terrorist infiltrations
- •Set Work
- •VI. Comment on the author’s choice of the headline and formulate the message.
- •VII. Points for discussion.
- •VIII. Say if you’ve read any of the books mentioned in the article. Do such kinds of books appeal to you? hacking for dollars
- •Set Work
- •I. Learn and practise the pronunciation of the words below. Translate them into Russian.
- •II. Define the computer-related word combinations used in the article. Reproduce the context in which they were used.
- •III. Find in the article the English for:
- •IV. Say what is meant by the words and word combinations below. How were they used in the article?
- •V. State the difference between the words below. Give examples to illustrate their usage.
- •VI. Clarify the idea behind the following lines.
- •VII. Outline the main points of the article and dwell upon each of them.
- •VIII. Points for discussion.
- •IX. Make up a dialogue between two cybercops. Use the words from the article.
- •Set Work
- •I. Learn the pronunciation of the words below. Translate them into Russian.
- •II. Define the words and word combinations below. Say how they were used in the article.
- •III. Scan the article for the English equivalents of:
- •IV. Look through the article for the word combinations with the word “online.” Write them out and explain what they mean.
- •V. Explain what is meant by:
- •VI. Fill in the correct preposition. Check against the text.
- •VII. Say how you understand the following lines.
- •VIII. Points for discussion.
- •Internet как инструмент совершения киберпреступлений
- •Set Work
- •I. Render the above given article into English.
- •II. Points for discussion.
- •Spyware hits business
- •Set Work
- •I. Master the pronunciation of the words below. Learn and translate them.
- •II. Explain what is meant by:
- •III. Look through the article for the English equivalents of:
- •IV. What do the following abbreviations stand for:
- •V. State the difference between the words below. Give examples to illustrate their usage.
- •VI. Add some more words to the given string.
- •VII. Fill in the correct prepositions. Check against the text.
- •VIII. Interpret the lines below.
- •IX. Points for discussion.
- •Mobile phone crime blitz launched
- •Set Work
- •Set Work
- •VI. Sum up the key points of the article.
- •VII. Points for discussion.
- •The gentleman thief
- •Set Work
- •Drugs and crime
- •Set Work
- •I. Transcribe and learn the following words:
- •II. Find out and say what is meant by:
- •III. Say what you know about the units of weight mentioned in the article. In what connections were they used?
- •IV. Reveal the difference between:
- •V. Say how you understand:
- •VI. Learn the pronunciation of the following deadly drugs.
- •VII. Give English equivalents for:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Наркотикам – бой…и герл
- •Set Work
- •Set Work
- •I. Define the words and word combinations below. Reproduce situations in which they occur in the article.
- •II. Look through the article for the following English equivalents:
- •III. Specify the meaning of the prefix over-. Write out the examples with this prefix from the article and explain their meaning. Think of some other examples and dwell upon them.
- •IV. Say how you understand the given lines.
- •V. Points for discussion.
- •Тяга к наркотикам ничуть не ослабла
- •Set Work
- •Set Work
- •I. Say what is meant by the following vocabulary units and in what connection they are used in the article.
- •Вам марихуаны? пожалуйста!
- •Set Work
- •Set Work
- •V. What addictive substances are mentioned in the article? In what ways are they consumed by addicts?
- •VI. Explain how you understand the following phrases:
- •VII. State the difference between the words below. Give examples to illustrate their usage.
- •VIII. Interpret the idea expressed in the given lines.
- •IX. Give the gist of the article and formulate its key idea.
- •X. Comment on the headline.
- •XI. Points for discussion.
- •A shot of sanity
- •Set Work
- •VIII. Give the gist of the article and say what you think of the idea put forward by the author.
- •IX. Points for discussion.
- •Cocaine cartel smashed
- •Set Work
- •I. Think of the best English variant to say:
- •Set Work
- •Set Work
- •I. Supply the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
- •Set Work
- •Set Work
- •I. What answers to the above questions does the article offer?
- •II. Scan the article for the English equivalents of the Russian words below and learn them.
- •III. Explain what is meant by:
- •IV. Make up a dialogue (based on the words from task II) between two criminologists.
- •V. Points for discussion.
- •I. Render the below article into English.
- •II. Say whether you share the author’s thesis. How it all starts inside your brain
- •Set Work
- •I. Master the pronunciation of the words below. Learn and translate them.
- •II. Define the following words and word combinations below. Reproduce the situations in which they occur.
- •III. Scan the article for the English equivalents of:
- •IV. Explain what the following abbreviations stand for.
- •V. State the difference between the words below. Give examples to illustrate their usage.
- •VI. Explain how you understand:
- •VII. Say what you know about:
- •VIII. Find in the article the evidence to support the following statements.
- •IX. Points for discussion.
- •Агрессивное поведение запрограммировано еще при рождении преступник разрушает сам себя
- •Set Work
- •VI. Sum up the main points of the article and say if you share the journalist’s stand.
- •VII. Points for discussion.
- •1. Is society or are people to blame for different misdemeanors and felonies? 2. How can people be made less aggressive? of criminals and ceos
- •Set Work
- •V. Interpret the lines below.
- •VI. Say what you know about:
- •VII. Sum up the key points of the article and formulate the author’s thesis.
- •VIII. Comment on the choice of the headline.
- •IX. Points for discussion.
- •Set Work
- •VI. Do you agree that:
- •VII. Sum up the key points of the article.
- •VIII. Points for discussion.
- •Death penalty
- •Убийство должно караться смертью!
- •Cops and robbers (and drug pushers and murderers…)
- •I. Read the following article to find out:
- •Computer hacking – high-tech crime
- •II. Find words or phrases in the text which mean the same as:
- •III. Now complete these statements by choosing the answer which you think fits best.
- •Vocabulary Tests
- •I. Crime. Put each of the following words and phrases into its correct place in the passage below.
- •II. Law breakers. Give the name of the defined law breaker.
- •III. Law breakers. Match the criminal with the definition.
- •IV. Law breakers. Choose the right answer.
- •V. Law breakers. Choose the correct answer.
- •VI. Law breakers. By moving vertically or horizontally (forwards or backwards) find twelve kinds of criminal.
- •VII. Police. Choose the right answer.
- •VIII. Trial. If you commit a crime you may be:
- •IX. Trial. Choose the right answer.
- •X. Trial. Choose the right answer.
- •XI. Punishment. Match each punishment with its description.
- •XII. Punishment. Choose the right answer.
- •XIII. Punishment. Put each of the following words and phrases into its correct place in the passage below.
- •Trial by Jury
- •XIV. Crime and punishment. Choose the right answer.
- •XV. Crime and punishment. Choose the word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the capitalized word.
- •Vocabulary Test
- •Фантастический процесc
- •Set Work
- •Твое имя в грязи
- •Methods and measures
- •Третье место за воровство
- •Is a crime crackdown a challenge of the time?
- •Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Липецкий государственный педагогический университет»
- •398020 Г. Липецк, ул. Ленина, 42
Set Work
I. Give the English for the following:
оговорка
быть виновным в чем-либо
соотечественники
вершить правосудие
употреблять наркотики
принять чрезвычайные меры
приостановить применение смертной казни
неотвратимость наказания
искоренение преступности.
II. Clarify the difference between:
human – humane;
statistics (+V pl., Ving).
III. Say a few words about the people and situations mentioned in the article:
Vlad Listiev, Galina Starovoitova, the EU, the Constitutional Court.
IV. Say if statistics are really daunting. Back up your opinion.
V. Give the gist of the article.
VI. Interpret the headline of the article.
THE CLANG OF THE GATE
The British government has been accused of both stuffing prisons and letting too many convicts out. Oddly, both accusations are true
Britain’s prisons are full. Tiny cells, some of them 150 years old, have already been doubled up to house two inmates. Almost every day, governors are told to make space for a new batch of prisoners, who often arrive in the evening and may be moved again as soon as the following day. This coming and going, which governors call "churn", is disruptive and disorientating. It can also be deadly. "If I can get through a week without somebody killing themselves, that's a pretty good week," says one prison governor.
Anne Owers, the prisons inspector, has sounded the alarm. With 77,800 inmates, the prisons of England and Wales are now just 1,700 short of their "useable operational capacity". When that point is reached, they simply will not be able to take any more people without resorting to such measures as mixing men and women prisoners. John Reid, the home secretary, is expected to announce next month how he plans to reduce pressure on the system. But one option has already been ruled out. Mr Reid, in common with the prime minister, wants many offenders to be given stiffer sentences.
He said so last week, following the trial of Craig Sweeney, who sexually assaulted a three-year-old girl before packing her into his car and fleeing from the police. Mr Sweeney had only just been released early from custody when he committed his crime (he had previously been jailed for assaulting a six-year-old). This time he was sentenced to life imprisonment, but the judge in his case admitted that, after taking account of his guilty plea and days spent awaiting trial, he might be paroled in little more than five years. Britain's tabloid newspapers were furious; so was Mr Reid, who called the tariff "unduly lenient". A prompt review of sentencing is promised. Mud of all kinds sticks to the Home Office these days. But it is quite something for a department to be accused of having a penal policy that is both too tough and too lenient. The accusations seem contradictory. How can it be that Britain's prisons are full and that monsters like Mr Sweeney are freed to walk the streets?
The reason the prisons are stuffed is that more offenders are being sent to jail for longer. The trend can be seen both in the magistrates' courts, which hear most cases, and in the Crown Court, which dishes out the longest prison terms. English and Welsh magistrates have lost faith in fines, which they used to favour (in Scotland, which has a different legal system, they still do). Despite high re-offending rates among ex-convicts, many believe that what one calls "the clang of the prison gate" is the best deterrent. In 1994 magistrates sentenced fewer than 5% of shoplifters to prison; by 2004 they were putting away four times as many.
Judges have been influenced by an act passed in 2000, which laid down tough minimum sentences for such heavy types as second-time violent offenders and third-time burglars. Because judges tend to have a strong sense of the relative seriousness of offences, and sentence according to this framework, the act had the effect of raising penalties all round. The average Crown Court sentence for burglary has risen from 21 months to 25 months since 2000; for robbers, it has increased by three months. Tacking a month onto the average sentence length adds around 1,800 to the prison population.
Overcrowding could have been lessened by building more prisons. But the government has added capacity gradually-more slowly than the prison population has risen, and much more slowly than the Conservative Party wants. Instead, it has expanded alternatives to prison. More offenders are now given community sentences. More ex-convicts are on parole, often wearing electronic tags and subject to curfews. Thanks to a change in the law, many of those sentenced since April 2005 will be released halfway through their sentences (not two-thirds of the way through, as before) but they will be watched by probation officers for longer.
Underpinning such reforms is a great weight of evidence that offenders, particularly young thieves, benefit little from prison. But the rise of community punishment has had two unfortunate effects. First, many ex-convicts have been returned to prison for breaching the terms of their licences – sometimes for nothing more serious than failing to turn up to appointments. In some prisons, one in nine inmates falls into this category. Recalled prisoners do not just swell the prison population and thereby subvert the point of early-release schemes; since many are angry and disillusioned, they also change its mix for the worse. And the second problem, of course, is that some of those who are released early commit horrific crimes.
Going straight
The overcrowding of Britain's prisons is more than a symptom of tougher criminal-justice policies. It has also become an implicit spur to consider alternatives. Two years ago, this became explicit in a proposal to make judges and magistrates take account of prison capacity when passing sentence. The measure was dropped, but the message remains: prison is a bad option; think of something else.
Prisons are indeed bad, and in some ways are becoming worse. Although much better managed than in the past, churn means that jobs are interrupted and relationships broken. On occasion, partners and children turn up at one Victorian edifice, only to be told that the person they came to visit has been moved 50 miles to another one. This is not just a problem for the prisoners. John Staples, a former prison governor, says convicts who keep in touch with their families are far more likely to go straight on release. By straining such bonds, the prison system is storing up trouble for the future.
Alfred Klimt
/The Economist, June 24th 2006/