2. Lead in. Work with the text.

1. The following suffixes combine with verbs to form adjectives.

-ed

-ful

-ive

-ant

2. Look at the words printed in bold and put the appropriate adjective in the space provided. The first one has been done for you.

1. A sunscreen provides a ...protective ... layer against the sun's harmful rays.	protect
2. The accident left him permanently ... .	paralyse
3. He was finding it ... to breathe.	pain
4. ... drugs make your body processes slower.	depress
5. The ... soldiers were provided with medical care in hospital.	wound
6. Tobacco is highly ... .	addict

3. Translate into Ukrainian.

1. There have been no smallpox epidemics for many years.

2. Smallpox disfigures the face.

3. Whooping cough occurs mainly in young children.

4. They diluted the drug, thus reducing its effectiveness.

5. Most students choose one particular area for research.

6. Margaret has been teaching in that particular class for five years.

7. Edward Jenner developed a vaccine against smallpox.

8. He had very fine, fair hair and pale skin, faintly pitted by smallpox.

9. Some progress was made upon the reduction of major epidemics of malaria, cholera, smallpox and yellow-fever.

10. The report revealed that workers had been exposed to high levels of radiation.

11. A few infections arise from inanimate sources: for example, patho­gens that cause tetanus are harbored in the soil.

12. The decision to give tetanus immunisation depends on the pa­tient's immunity as well as the wound's susceptibility to tetanus.

3. Read and translate the text.

Drugs that fight infection and drugs that prevent infectious diseases

Drugs that kill or help prevent multiplication of bacteria or viruses that infect the body are called antimicrobials. Antimicrobials that act against bacteria include antibiotics and sulfonamides (sulfa drugs).

Antibiotics are obtained from naturally occurring microorganisms. Sulfonamides arc prepared synthetically. A large dose of penicillin or certain other antibiotics kills disease-causing bacteria. A smaller dose of such an antibiotic keeps the bacteria from multiplying in the body and thus allows the body's natural defenses to destroy them. Sulfon­amides also prevent bacteria from multiplying in the body. In most cases, however, sulfonamides and other synthetic antimicrobials do not kill the bacteria.

Doctors prescribe antiviral drugs to treat certain diseases caused by viruses. For example, the antiviral drug zidovudine, commonly called AZT, is used in the treatment of AIDS.

Two kinds of drugs prevent infectious diseases. They are (I) vac­cines and (2) antiserums and globulins. Some of these drugs, such as polio vaccines, are especially valuable because there is no effective treatment for the disease they prevent.

Vaccines contain a weakened or killed form of the microbe that causes a particular disease. There are several kinds of vaccines. Each kind causes the body to produce substances, which are called antibod­ies that fight a particular disease. The vaccine thus makes the body immune to the disease by providing resistance against attacks by it. Vaccines have been developed against such infectious diseases as chole­ra, diphtheria, hepatitis, measles, and smallpox, as well as polio. In fact, vaccinations against smallpox have wiped out that disease.

Antiserums and globulins, like vaccines, prevent certain infectious diseases. But unlike vaccines, these drugs contain antibodies rather than substances that cause the body to produce antibodies. The anti­serums and globulins act more quickly than vaccines to prevent infec­tion but give only temporary protection. Physicians prescribe these drugs after a person who has not been vaccinated is exposed to an infectious disease. Antiserums are used against such diseases as diph­theria and tetanus (lockjaw). Examples of diseases against which globu­lins protect include hepatitis, rabies, and tetanus.