The profession of psychologist

I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:

at present – в настоящее время

psychology – психология

vitally – жизненный

human life – человеческая жизнь

effective – эффективный, результативный

development – развитие

corrections – исправительное учреждение

to depend (on) – зависеть (от)

psychologist – психолог

to deal with – рассматривать, разрешать вопрос

rehabilitation – реабилитация, исправление, восстановление в правах

criminal – преступник, преступный, уголовный

to examine – рассматривать, исследовать

individual – индивидуальный, отдельный

law-breaker – правонарушитель

structure – структура

formal – формальный

informal – неформальный

group – группа

result – результат

practical – практический

recommendation – рекомендация

to create – создавать

atmosphere – атмосфера

to predict – предсказывать

to control – управлять, регулировать, контролировать

to analyze – анализировать

conflict situation – конфликтная ситуация

behaviour – поведение

participant – участник

criminal trial – судебное разбирательство дела

problem – проблема

motive – мотив

to master – овладевать

modern – современный

method – метод

to use – использовать

in practice – на практике

II. Read the text: the profession of a psychologist

At present psychology is vitally important in human life. The effective development of corrections depends on the work of psychologists. The psychologist deals with the problems of rehabilitation of criminals. He examines the psychology of individual law-breakers and the structure of formal and informal groups. The result of his work is to give practical psychological recommendations and to create the atmosphere for rehabilitation of criminals. The psychologist must also predict, control and analyze conflict situations.

Psychologists study the behaviour of participants in the criminal trial, problems of criminal behaviour, the motives for the crime. A good specialist should master all modern methods of psychology and use them in practice.

III. Do the following exercises:

Exercise 1. Read the words with the international roots and give their Russian equivalents:

psychology, problem, human, individual, structure, practical, formal, result, atmosphere, control, conflict, motive, situation, specialist, psychologist, modern, method, practice.

Exercise 2. State what part of speech each word belongs to and translate the groups of words:

psychology – psychologist – psychological;

to correct – correction – corrections – correctional;

to rehabilitate - rehabilitation;

to form – form – formal – informal – formation - to reform - reformation;

to predict – prediction – predictor – predictive - predictable;

to analyze – analysis - analytic(al) - analyst;

to participate – participant - participation;

to try - trial;

to effect – effect - effective;

Exercise 3. Translate the following word combinations into English:

жизненно важный, отдельные правонарушители, практические психологические рекомендации, создать атмосферу, исправление преступников, участники судебного процесса, овладевать современными методами.

Exercise 4. Find the words with the similar meaning among the following:

conduct, law-breaker, important, significant, to study, criminal, to examine, behavior.

Exercise 5. Make up correct word combinations:

effective recommendations

to deal with development

individual the problems

structure of law-breakers

practical groups

to create criminal behavior

rehabilitation of conflict situations

to predict criminals

the atmosphere

Exercise 6. Make up word-combinations according to the model:

Model: to rehabilitate criminals – the rehabilitation of criminals;

to predict, control and analyze conflict situations; to study the motives for the crime; to create the atmosphere for rehabilitation of the criminals; to use modern methods.

Exercise 7. Answer the following questions:

1.What problems does the psychologist deal with in corrections?

2. What other tasks does he solve working at correctional institutions?

3. What are more general problems of his research?

Exercise 8. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary. Translate the sentences.

1.The main objectives of psychology as a science are to describe, understand, predict and control … behaviour. 2. Corrective psychology deals … conditions and peculiarities … rehabilitating … law-breakers. 3. Corrective psychology examines … the psychology … individual law-breakers and the structure … formal and informal groups. 4. It is very important to know the motives … the crime. 5. One … the most important tasks that the psychologist has to solve is to create the atmosphere … rehabilitation … criminals. 6. Sigmund Freud concluded that personality and our degrees .. mental health depend … the actions … three major forces: the id, the ego and superego.

Exercise 9. Check up your understanding of the text. Fill in the blanks with the proper words:

1.The development of corrections depends on the … of psychologist. 2. The psychologist deals with the problems of … of criminals. 3. He examines the … of individual law-breakers and the … of formal and informal groups. 4. The result of his work is to give … … and to create the atmosphere for … of criminals. 5. The psychologist must also …, … and … conflict situations. 6. Psychologists study the behaviour of participants in the … … , problems of … … , the motives for the … .

Exercise 10. Speak about the work of psychologist in prison, using the following questions:

1. What science is vitally important in human life?

2. What depends on the work of psychologist?

3. What problems does he deal with working in corrections?

4. What does he examine with the purpose to solve these problems?

5. What does the result of his work help to do?

6. Can the psychologist also predict, control and analyse conflict situations on the basis of these results?

7. What other (more general) problems do psychologists study?

8. What should they do to be suited for these tasks?