- •Английский язык
- •Кандидат филологических наук, доцент ю.А. Воробьев
- •Киреева Марьяна Борисовна, никитина Ольга Алексеевна, петрова Марина Васильевна английский язык
- •Методическая записка
- •Структура пособия
- •About myself
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: about myself and му faмily
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: му faмily
- •V. Answer the questions which will help you to speak about yourself:
- •Our academy
- •Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: the academy I study at
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: тне academy of the federal penal service of russia
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: aвout moscow
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text: our capiтal
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •Greaт bRlTain
- •Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: тне land wнere тне english language was born
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text: тне uniтed kingdom
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •The russian federation state system
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: the russian federation state system
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text using a dictionary. Тне state system of russia
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •The state structure of great britain
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text. The state structure of great britain
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary. The british state system
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •The english judicial system
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: the judicial system of great britain
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •8. Using the scheme speak about judicial system of Great Britain:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: the english legal system
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •8. Speak about British judicial system. Тне profession of а penal officer
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: му future profession
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: wнat is in store for us?
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •The profession of a lawyer
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: the profession of a lawyer
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: my future profession
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: what is law?
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary.
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •V. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: penal law
- •VI. Do the following exercises:
- •Famous penologists
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: penal reformers
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: joнn howard
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •Alternatives to prisons
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: alternatives to prisons
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: alternatives to custody
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •The profession of psychologist
- •II. Read the text: the profession of a psychologist
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •Psychological science
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: psychological schools
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •Juridical psychology
- •I. Read the and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: juridical psychology
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •The great psychologist
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: the great psychologist.
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •Personality
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text.
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •The basic types of relations
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: the basic types of relations
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •Psychological schools
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: psychological schools
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •Social work in penal institutions
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: social work in penal institutions
- •4. Translate the following word combinations into English:
- •5. Complete the sentences:
- •Supplementary texts:
- •Training of correctional staff in great britain. Psychologists and social workers in prison service
- •What do psychologists do in prisons?
- •Types of proprietorship
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: types of business firms
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text:
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •The profession of an economist in corrections
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: my future profession
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: types of economic systems
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text:
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text:
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •Economics and economy
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: the science of economics
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •The profession of an economist
- •Learn the given words and word combinations:
- •II. Read the text:
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •Содержание
Personality
I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
attempt – попытка
to involve – включать
personality – личность
subject-matter – тема
to identify – определять
consistency – постоянство
to take an interest – проявлять интерес
to suggest – предлагать
to advocate – защищать
to hold the view – придерживаться точки зрения
typology – типология
to put forward – предлагать, продвигать
rather – довольно, достаточно
attitude – отношение, мировоззрение
major – основной
orientation – ориентация
to be alike – быть похожим
stable – стабильный, постоянный
conscious – сознательный
adjustment – приспособление
unique – уникальный
environment – окружающая среда
to act – действовать
to relate – относить(ся)
to accept – принимать
II. Read the text.
PERSONALITY
Any attempt to understand human behaviour psychologically involves the study of personality. Research in the field of personality is difficult because the subject matter is complex and continually changing. Personality theories are attempts to identify and describe underlying consistencies in individual behaviour.
The Greek physician Galen began to take interest this problem. He suggested four main types of personality description: the melancholic, the choleric, the sanguine and the phlegmatic. He believed that a person was one or the other of these, never a combination of two or three. And we still characterize people in these terms.
The famous German philosopher Immanuel Kant advocated Galen’s system and also held this view. However this typology is not true.
W. Wundt, the famous German psychologist, put forward a rather different point of view. According to him there could be all possible combinations of all these type sand there was no question of fixed, unchanging categories. On the one hand the melancholics and the cholerics’ reactions were alike, because they were strong. And the reactions of phlegmatics and sanguines were rather weak. On the other hand the emotions of melancholics and phlegmatics were stable whereas the emotions of sanguines and cholerics were changeable.
Jung, the famous analytic psychologist, suggested two major “attitudes” or orientations of personality: these are extraversion and introversion. Both opposing attitudes are present in each personality at the same time. But usually one of them is dominant and conscious, the other is subordinate and unconscious.
Gordon Allport (1937) defined personality as “the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustment to his environment”. This means that personality consists of interrelated forces that are continually changing and developing. And the ways in which these forces interact within any given person are what makes him unique.
This definition is widely accepted among psychologists.
III. Do the following exercises:
Exercise 1. Translate the following groups of words:
person-personality; complex-complexity; continue-continually; interest-interesting-interested-interestingly; to describe-description; character-characteristic- characterize; to advocate-advocate-advocacy; possible-impossible-possibility; change-changing-unchanging-changeable-unchangeable; to stabilize-stability- stable-unstable; to oppose-opposition-opposing; to dominate-dominant; to organize-organization-organized-organizing; to relate-relation-relationship-related-interrelated;to develop-development-developing-developed.
Exercise 2. Translate the following word combinations into English:
попытка понять человеческое поведение; изучение личности; определить и описать постоянство; главные виды; характеризовать терминами; поддерживать взгляды; выдвигать точку зрения; все возможные комбинации; неизменяющиеся категории; стабильные эмоции; аналитический психолог; уникальное приспособление; широко применяемые.
Exercise 3. Fill in the blanks with the proper prepositions:
1. Understanding human behavior involves the study … personality. 2. Galen began to take an interest … personality. 3. According … Wundt the reactions of sanguine and phlegmatic were rather weak. 4. Jung suggested two major “attitudes” …personality. 5. Personality is the organization of psychological systems determining one’s unique adjustment …environment. 6. Allport’s definition of personality is widely accepted …psychologists.
Exercise 4. Complete the sentences:
1. To understand human behavior psychologically means ….2. Research in the field of personality is difficult because…. 3. The Greek physician Galen suggested … . 4. The famous German phylosopher Kant … . 5. A rather different point of view was … . 6. According to Wundt there was no question about … . 7. The reactions of melancholics and cholerics were alike because … . 8. The changeble emotions were shown by … . 9. One of the attitudes is … and the other is…. 10. Gordon Allport described the personality as … .
Exercise 5. Make up a plan and speak on the topic “Personality”.