- •Английский язык
- •Кандидат филологических наук, доцент ю.А. Воробьев
- •Киреева Марьяна Борисовна, никитина Ольга Алексеевна, петрова Марина Васильевна английский язык
- •Методическая записка
- •Структура пособия
- •About myself
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: about myself and му faмily
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: му faмily
- •V. Answer the questions which will help you to speak about yourself:
- •Our academy
- •Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: the academy I study at
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: тне academy of the federal penal service of russia
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: aвout moscow
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text: our capiтal
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •Greaт bRlTain
- •Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: тне land wнere тне english language was born
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text: тне uniтed kingdom
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •The russian federation state system
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: the russian federation state system
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text using a dictionary. Тне state system of russia
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •The state structure of great britain
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text. The state structure of great britain
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary. The british state system
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •The english judicial system
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: the judicial system of great britain
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •8. Using the scheme speak about judicial system of Great Britain:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: the english legal system
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •8. Speak about British judicial system. Тне profession of а penal officer
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: му future profession
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: wнat is in store for us?
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •The profession of a lawyer
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: the profession of a lawyer
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: my future profession
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: what is law?
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary.
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •V. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: penal law
- •VI. Do the following exercises:
- •Famous penologists
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: penal reformers
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: joнn howard
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •Alternatives to prisons
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: alternatives to prisons
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •IV. Read and translate the text with a dictionary: alternatives to custody
- •V. Do the following exercises:
- •The profession of psychologist
- •II. Read the text: the profession of a psychologist
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •Psychological science
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: psychological schools
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •Juridical psychology
- •I. Read the and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: juridical psychology
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •The great psychologist
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: the great psychologist.
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •Personality
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text.
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •The basic types of relations
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: the basic types of relations
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •Psychological schools
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: psychological schools
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •Social work in penal institutions
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: social work in penal institutions
- •4. Translate the following word combinations into English:
- •5. Complete the sentences:
- •Supplementary texts:
- •Training of correctional staff in great britain. Psychologists and social workers in prison service
- •What do psychologists do in prisons?
- •Types of proprietorship
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: types of business firms
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text:
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •The profession of an economist in corrections
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: my future profession
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: types of economic systems
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text:
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text:
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •Economics and economy
- •I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
- •II. Read the text: the science of economics
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •The profession of an economist
- •Learn the given words and word combinations:
- •II. Read the text:
- •III. Do the following exercises:
- •Содержание
Psychological science
I. Read and learn the following words and phrases:
to appear – показываться, появляться
alternative – альтернатива
separate – отдельный, раздельный
the field of science – область науки
to seek – искать, разыскивать, пытаться
to predict – предсказывать
behaviour – поведение
science of the mind – наука о душе
to define – определять
to lead (led, led) – вести, руководить
conscious experience – сознательный опыт
state – состояние
adjustment – приспособление
environment – окружение, внешняя среда
to expand – расширять, увеличивать
the scope – кругозор, сфера действий
emphasis – ударение, акцент
overt behaviour – открытый, явный
observe – наблюдать, замечать, изучать
pattern – образец, модель
existence – существование, наличие
to come to existence – возникать
to contribute – содействовать, делать вклад
juridical psychology – юридическая психология
comparative psychology – сравнительная психология
II. Read the text: psychological schools
Until the 19th century there were two alternatives to psychology. Psychology as a separate science appeared in 1879.
It is the field of study which seeks to describe , understand, predict and control the behaviour of living organisms. The word psychology means the “science of the mind”. There are different schools of psychology each defining it in its own way.
Structuralists, led by Wilhelm Wundt, saw psychology as the study of conscious experience. They believed that elementary mental states form the structure of consciousness.
Another group of psychologists , known as the functionalists, defined psychology as the study of man’s adjustment to his environment. They expanded the scope of scientific psychology by putting a new emphasis on behaviour and adjustment.
The behaviorists turned to the study of man’s overt behaviour. They believed that it could be objectively observed.
The Gestalt school studied the whole pattern of behaviour instead of studying its elements.
Around 1900 the school of psychoanalysis came into existence in Europe. Its leader was Sigmund Freud , the famous Viennese physician and psychiatrist. Sigmund Freud and his followers attempted to find the cause and cure of personality disorders. They postulated that the individual’s behaviour is influenced by unconscious mental processes.
Today we may speak about a number of branches of psychology: the psychology of labour, juridical psychology, military and the psychology of sport. It is also possible to speak about social psychology, comparative psychology, special psychology and others.
III. Do the following exercises:
Exercise 1. Find in the text international words and give their Russian equivalents.
Exercise 2. Read and translate into Russian the following words and word combinations:
until the 19th century, tow alternatives, as a separate science, the field of study, to predict and control behaviour, to define in one’s own way, conscious experience, to form the structure of consciousness, adjustment to one’s environment, to expand the scope, to put an emphasis, man’s overt behaviour, to observe objectively, the whole pattern of behaviour, to come into existence.
Exercise 3. Find the words with the similar meaning among the following:
to come into existence, field, behaviour, to appear, under the guidance, to come into being, conduct, to put an emphasis, under the leadership, to focus.
Exercise 4. Find in the text the equivalents of the following Russian words and word combinations:
отдельная наука, адаптация к окружающей среде, сознательный опыт, альтернативы психологии, определять по-своему, формировать структуру сознания, расширить область научной психологии, делать акцент, модель поведения, ряд отраслей психологии.
Exercise 5. Complete the sentences given on the left choosing the appropriate words from those on the right:
Psychology as a separate science came into existence in
Europe in 1900.
Structuralists focused on man’s adjustment to
his environment.
Functionalists defined psychology appeared in 1879.
Behaviourists believed that conscious experience.
The school of psychoanalysis are the branches of Psychology.
The social psychology behaviour could be
and special psychology objectively observed
Exercise 6. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1. Until the 19th century there were two alternatives to psychology: physics and physiology.
2. Psychology seeks to describe and control the physical state of living organisms.
3. Structuralists worked under the guidance of Wilhelm James.
4. Functionalists focused on man’s adjustment to his environment.
5. The behaviourists studied ego and superego.
6. The school of psychoanalysis appeared in Europe.
7. Today we may speak about few branches of psychology.
Exercise 7. Answer the following questions to the text:
1. When did psychology as a separate science appeared?
2. What does psychology study?
3. What does the word “psychology” mean?
4. What are the different schools of psychology?
5. What can you say about W. Wundt’s vews on consciousness?
6. How did functionalists define psychology?
7. What are the two schools studying behaviour?
8. What kind of school studied personality disorders?
Exercise 8. Make up a plan to the text and speak about psychology as a separate science.