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MOSCOW

Moscow is the capital of Russia, its administrative, economic, political and educational centre. It is one of Russia's major cities with the population of about 9 million people. Its total area is about 900 thousand square kilometres.

The city was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky and was first mentioned in the chronicles in 1147. At that time it was a small frontier settlement. By the 15th century Moscow had grown into a wealthy city.

In the 16th century, under Ivan the Terrible, Moscow became the capital of the state of Muscovy. In the 18th century Peter the Great transferred the capital to St. Petersburg, but Moscow remained the heart of Russia. That is why it became the main target of Napoleon's attack in 1812. During the war of 1812 three quarters of the city were destroyed by fire, but by the middle of the 19th century Moscow was completely rebuilt.

The present-day Moscow is the seat of the government of the Russian Federation. President of Russia lives and works here; government offices are located here, too.

Moscow is a major industrial city. Its leading industries are engineering, chemical and light industries.

Moscow is known for its many historical buildings, museums and art galleries, as well as for the famous Bolshoi and Maly theatres. There are more than 80 museums in Moscow, among them the unique Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery, the Andrey Rublyov Museum of Early Russian Art and many others.

Moscow is a city of science and learning. There are over 80 higher education institutions in the city, including a number of universities.

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1. What is the capital of Russia?

2. What is the total area and population of Moscow?

3. Who founded Moscow?

4. When was Moscow first mentioned in the chronicles?

5. When did Moscow become the capital?

6. Who moved the capital to St. Petersburg?

7. Why did Moscow become the main target of Napoleon's attack in 1812?

8. What is the present-day Moscow?

9. What are the leading industries in Moscow?

10. What is Moscow known for?

11. How many museums are there in Moscow?

12. Why is Moscow a city of science and learning?

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ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

1. Определите способ образования следующих слов. Укажите, от каких основ образованы эти слова, к каким частям речи они относятся. Переведите их на русский язык.

Administrative, economic, political, educational, settlement, wealthy, completely, rebuild, government, residence, enlarge, reliable, liberation, formation, centralized, invader, thickness, entrance, witnessed, important, monumental, impressive.

2. Заполните пропуски артиклями, где необходимо. Переведите на русский язык.

____ Red Square is ____large open square in ____ center of ___Moscow. It is located in front of ___ Kremlin's western wall. ___ square is fenced in ___ State Historical Museum building, ___ GUM building, and ___St. Basil Cathedral. Red Square was founded at ___ end of ___ 15th century when ___Ivan III ordered to demolish wooden constructions around ___ Kremlin walls to prevent ___ tsar's residence from ___ fire.

___St. Basil Cathedral is ___one of ___ most outstanding and remarkable monuments of Old Russian architecture. In ___ 16th century ___ tourists admired ___ beauty of ___ cathedral, and for __ Russians it became ___ symbol of native history and culture.

___ Tsar-Cannon is situated not far from ___ Tsar-Bell. It is ___ largest cannon in ___ world. Before ___ Moscow Olympic Games in ___1980, ___ Tsar-Cannon was taken to pieces and restored, and then brought back to its usual ____place in ___ Kremlin.