5. Переведите на русский язык. Поставьте к каждому предложению общий, альтернативный, разделительный вопросы, к выделенным словам - специальные вопросы.

Canada's Civil Service

1. The chief Canadian civil servant is the Clerk of the Queen's Privy Council. 2. In 2007 there were approximately 200 departments, agencies, commissions, boards, councils and crown corporations in the Canadian Civil Service. 3. Hiring (or selection) of civil servants is typically done through a competitive process that is either external (open) process or an internal (closed) process. 4. Civil servants in Canada are not contracted by an abstraction called «the state». 5. They are employed by the Canadian monarch. 6. He personifies the state and «enjoys a general capacity to contract in accordance with the rule of ordinary law». 7. The Canadian Civil Service has made significant efforts to reflect the gender balance, linguistic, and ethnic diversityin Canada. 8.Before responsible government Canada had no real civil service. 9. Government officials were appointed by either the Crownor its provincial representatives. 10. These officials usually served foran unspecified period («during the pleasure of the Crown») for as long as they were deemed fit for the position.

Упражнения на закрепление грамматического материала

1. Переведите на русский язык. Поставьте все предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную формы.

Margaret Thatcher's Government

1. Margaret Thatcher came to office in 1979 determined to prefer the «free market» to the state. 2. Government should be small but active. 3. Many of her ministers were suspicious of the civil service. 4. They followed the New Right doctrine that public servants always seek to increase their own power and budgets. 5. She immediately set about reducing the size of the civil service. 6. In late 1981 the Prime Minister announced the abolition of the Civil Service Department. 7. A Financial Management Initiative was launched in September 1982 as an umbrella for the efficiency scrutiny programme and with a wider focus on corporate planning, efficiency and objective-setting. 8. But by the mid 1980s, although cuts had been made, transformation had not happened. 9. In February 1988 Robin Ibbs published his report Improving Management in Government: The Next Steps. 10. It was believed with the Thatcher reforms that efficiency was improving. 11. But there was still a perception of carelessness and lack of responsiveness in the quality of public services. 12. The government of John Major sought to tackle this with a Citizen’s Charter programme. 13. By 1998, 42 Charters had been published. 14. But the initiative did have a significant effect in changing cultures.

2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.

1. When we (to come) to the station, our train already (to leave), and we (to have) to wait for two hours before another one (to come). 2. I was anxious to see the place where I (to spend) my childhood. 3. Victor asked me to explain the new rule to him, as he (to miss) the previous lesson. 4. John Gray (to visit) Russia in 1989 and (not to be) here since that time. 5. When the train (to stop), I (to look) out of the window but (not to see) any of my friends there. I (to send) them a telegram and hoped that they (to meet) me. As I (to discover) later, they (to receive) it ten minutes before the train arrived and could not meet me. 6. We were greatly surprised not to find Ann at home. It turned out that her sister (to forget) to give her our message, and Ann (to leave) the house fifteen minutes before we (to come). 7. I decided not to put on my raincoat as it (to stop) raining already and the sun (to shine) brightly. 8. The young people entered the theatre. The performance already (to begin), and they (to have) to wait till the first act (to be) over. Nina never (to be) here before and she (to like) the theatre very much. 9. I did not recognize Helen as I (not to see) her for a very long time and she greatly (to change). 10. The sight of the school building brought back the old days to us. Here we (to spend) many years together. We (to learn) to read and write; here we (to experience) our first joys and sorrows. We recollected our first day at school, how we (to come) to our first lesson looking alarmed and excited.