- •Міністерство освіти і науки україни Хмельницький університет управління та права English for Lawyers
- •Передмова
- •Unit 1 Languages and Communication Task 1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the text Languages and Communication
- •Languages and Communication
- •Grammar exercises
- •V. Complete the following sentences using nouns in the singular or in the plural:
- •VI. Translate these sentences into English
- •The Indefinite Tenses
- •Additional reading
- •“The History of the English Language” in written form
- •Features of the English Language
- •English Today
- •Why I Study English
- •The International Character of English
- •The Origins of the English Language
- •Task 27. Fill in the blanks with necessaary prepositions
- •Task 28. Tell about the sources of origins of English language Unit 2 The System of Education in Ukraine and Abroad
- •Khmelnitsky University of Management and Law
- •The Faculty of Law at Present (Lviv University)
- •Chliches, set expressions and phrases for discussion
- •Some University Customs
- •System of Higher Education of Ukraine
- •Network of higher educational institutions of Ukraine by their level of accreditation
- •Structure of the level system of higher education of Ukraine
- •Number of students in higher educational institutions per each 10 thousand of the population of Ukraine
- •Areas of training
- •Management of education
- •Make use of the following phrases:
- •The Legal Profession
- •Dialogue
- •Woman: The work of a judge, of a prosecutor, of an advocate is not easy either, is it?
- •Woman:There is a lot of crime at this period. Perhaps the punishment of criminals is isn’t strict enough ?
- •The Investigator /Investigator bodies
- •Dialogue
- •Task 16. Finish the following disjunctive questions:
- •Task 17. Put questions to the words in bold type
- •The Procurator
- •Task 23. Translate the following sentences into English
- •Task 31. Speak on the work of the procurator
- •The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (від імені українського народу) adopted the Constitution - The Fundamental Law on June 28, 1996.
- •Symbols of u.K.
- •The Constitution of the United States of America
- •The British Constitution
- •Constitutional monarchs, powers, making laws, federation, Acts of Parliament, written constitution, to take advice, assembly, Magna Charta
- •Constitution - the Standard of Legitimacy
- •1. There are no special … for constitutional rules
- •Grammar exercises
- •Unit 5 The State System of Ukraine Task 1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the text The State System of Ukraine
- •The State System of Ukraine
- •Task 5. Pick out from the text all the word combinations with the following words and give their Ukrainian equivalents
- •The Court System of Ukraine
- •Systems of Government
- •Systems of Government
- •Autocracies
- •Modern Democracies
- •Politics
- •Political Systems
- •Elections
- •Extreme Governments
- •Grammar exercises
- •The State System of the uk
- •Task 1. Read and learn the vocabulary to the topic
- •The State System of Great Britain
- •The State System of Great Britain
- •Royal Assent
- •Making New Laws: Bills and Acts
- •Task 10.Complete the text using the proposed words
- •The Sovereign
- •The Royal Family
- •Grammar exercises
- •Task 5. Choose the correct past participle forms of the verbs
- •Task 7. Make the correct forms of the verbs. Use Past Perfect
- •Task 8. Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence
- •Task 12. Underline the most suitable phrase in each sentence
- •Unit 7 Legal Professions in Great Britain Task 1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the text “Barristers and Solicitors”
- •Barristers and Solicitors
- •Task 5. Find the following word combinations in the text “Barristers and Solicitors”. Read the sentences and translate them
- •Task7. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the word combinations given below
- •Task 14. Read the micro texts and match them to the headings
- •General Practice
- •Specialists
- •Employed Solicitors
- •The Role of the Law Society
- •Task 16. Read the text and give annotation of it in Ukrainian Solicitors in Private Practice
- •Task 17. Read the text and circle the correct answer for items 1 to 4 The History of Solicitors
- •Task 18. Read the text and make comments on it Regulation
- •Task 19. Read the text and discuss it in the form of the dialogue, using clichés, set expressions and phrases given below Training
- •Texts for additional reading Task 1. Read and translate the text Judges
- •Task 2. Read and enjoy We, the Jury
- •Task 3. Make comments on the sayings, given below
- •Grammar exercises
- •Perfect Simple
- •Write four forms of each verb
- •Task 3. Form verbs of the following words. Give three forms of the verb
- •Perfect Continuous
- •Modal Verbs
- •Task 14. Fill in the blanks with ‘must’, ‘may’ or ‘ can’
- •Exercise for Revision Task 15. Put the verbs in the right tense. Translate the sentences
- •Unit 8 Political System of the usa Task 1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the text
- •The State System of the usa
- •Us Government
- •The executive branch
- •The legislative branch
- •The judicial branch
- •The Constitution as Supreme Law
- •Task 15. Translate words and word combinations into Enlish. Make up your own sentences with them
- •It’s not quite so; I’m afraid you are wrong; in my opinion;
- •Lawmaking process in the usa
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Unit 9 Lawmaking Process in Ukraine, Great Britain, the usa. How a Bill becomes a Law How a Bill Becomes a Law
- •The Lawmaking in Ukraine
- •Task 4. Find the following words in the text “The Lawmaking in Ukraine”. Read the sentences and translate them
- •Task 5. Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following expressions
- •Task 6. Find in the text the English equivalents for the phrases below
- •How a Bill Becomes a Law
- •Task 15. Retell the text “How a Bill Becomes a Law”
- •Making New Laws: Bills and Acts
- •How Bills Go through Parliament
- •Task 20. Retell the text “How a Bill Becomes a Law” Grammar exercises
- •Unit 10 The Court System of Ukraine, the usa, England and Wales Task 1. Read and learn the vocabulary to the topic The Court System of Ukraine
- •The Court System of Ukraine
- •Court System of the usa. Court System of England and Wales
- •Court System of the usa. Court System of England and Wales
- •Judicial System of the usa and Great Britain
- •The System of Courts in the us
- •Grammar exercises
- •VI. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the following proverbs and translate them
- •Task 15. Read, translate and discuss the text with your partner English Courts
- •Law and the Legal System
- •Serving the law Ukrajina Incognita
- •Unit 11. English Law
- •English Law
- •The History of English Law
- •Comparison of Roman and English law
- •Task 9. Translate and match the words and word combinations with their definitions. Write down your own sentences with them
- •English Law
- •English Legal System
- •Common law systems
- •The common law and the law of equity paculiarities
- •Roman Law
- •Roman Law History of Roman law
- •The structure, character and content of Roman law
- •Continental systems
- •Roman law
- •Grammar exercises.
- •1. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Infinitive
- •II. Please choose the most suitable verb form in each sentence
- •III. Make up the sentences with the following parts
- •IV. Make up your own sentences with the underlined models using different Infinitive forms.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into English using Infinitive and Infinitive Constructions
- •Unit 12 Types of Branches of Law in Ukraine, Great Britain, usa Task 1. Read and learn the vocabulary to the topic Law. Functions of Law. Classification of Laws
- •Definition of Law
- •Functions of Law
- •Classifications of Law
- •Constitutional Law
- •Family Law
- •Law of Torts
- •Labour law
- •Maritime or Admiralty law
- •Administrative law
- •Elder law
- •Grammar Exercises
- •I. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to Complex Object and Complex Subject
- •III. Make up sentences using the given tables
- •Іv. Complete these sentences using the Complex Object:
- •V. Translate these sentences into English
- •VI. Complete these sentences using the Complex Subject:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to Infinitive Constructions
- •Unit 13
- •International Entities. The uno,the icj European Parliament. Court of Human Rights Task 1. International Entities and International Law
- •International Entities and International Law
- •International Organizations – the un specialized Agencies
- •International organizations Related to the un System
- •European Union
- •European Parliament
- •International Inter-Regional Organizations
- •Grammar exercises
- •IV. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian, underline the participles, identify their functions
- •V. Translate the sentences into English
- •VI. Open the brackets using Participle I, II:
- •VII. Put the questions to the sentences:
- •IX. Complete the sentences and make clear that the people don't / didn't do it themselves (The first sentence is given as an example.)
- •X. Combine the sentences using participle constructions (Present Participle or Past Participle). (The first sentence is given as an example)
- •XI. Replace the Relative Clause by a Participle Construction while keeping the rest of the sentence unchanged.
- •9. Animals that eat plants are called herbivores. Unit 15 Criminal Law. Types of Crimes
- •Crime and Punishment
- •Legal Definition of Crime and Criminal
- •Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice System
- •Criminal Law
- •Capital punishment: for and against
- •Financial Costs
- •Barbarity
- •Futility
- •Grammar exercises
- •I. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the form of the Gerund and its function
- •II. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary
- •III. Complete the sentence using Gerund
- •IV. Translate these sentences into English
- •V. Make up your own sentences with the underlined models
- •Grammar in Tables System of English Tense Forms
- •Passive Voice Forms (Форми пасивного стану)
- •Active Voice
- •Direct & Indirect Speech
- •The Oblique Moods
- •Modal (Defective) Verbs
- •Remember!
- •Will - would (only in Present and Future) are used for expressing:
- •Remember!
- •Remember!
- •Remember!
- •1 Of time (часу)
- •4. In different word combinations (в різних словосполученнях):
- •5. With the following verbs and nouns (з наступними дієсловами та іменниками):
- •Types of Interrogative Sentences (Типи питальних речень)
- •The Conjunction
- •Word - Building (Словотворення)
- •1. Main Word - Forming Suffixes
- •2. Main Word - Forming Prefixes
- •II Table of Irregular Verbs (Таблиця найуживаніших нестандартних дієслів)
- •Список рекомендованої літератури з англійської мови
The State System of Great Britain
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, which means that the sovereign reigns but does not rule.
Strictly speaking, Parliament consists of three elements: the Sovereign (that is the King or the ruling Queen), the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
The Queen (or King) is officially head of state, head of the executive, head of the judiciary, head of the legislature, Commander-in-chief of the armed forces, “Supreme governor” of the Church of England. The monarch is expected to be politically neutral, and should not make political decisions.
The Parliament legislature consists of 2 chambers the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
Members of the House of Commons are elected by the adult suffrage of British people in general elections, which are held at least every 5 years. The country is divided into 650 constituencies each of which elects one MP. The Commons has 650 MPs, of whom only 6.3 % are women. The party, which wins the most seats, forms the Government and its leader becomes Prime Minister.
The House is presided over by the Speaker who is appointed by the Government after consultation with the leader of the Opposition. All the members of the House of Commons are paid salary.
The House of Lords consists of the Lords Temporal and the Lords Spiritual.
The Lords Spiritualare the Archbishops of York and Canterbury, together with 24 senior bishops of England.
The Lords Temporal consist of
- hereditary peers, who have inherited their titles;
- life peers who are appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Government for various services to the nation;
- the Lords of Appeal (Law Lords) who become life peers on their judicial appointments. The latter serve the House of Lords as the ultimate court of appeal. This appeal court consists of nine law lords who hold senior judicial office. They are presided by the Lord Chancellor and they form a quorum of 3 or 5 when they hear appeal cases.
The house of Lords has no real power but acts rather as an advisory council for the House of Commons.
The person who presides over the Lords deliberations is the Lord Chancellor. He is one of the principal officers of State, and is nowadays a distinguished lawyer. His office is very different from that of Speaker. The Speaker does not speak in the House, but is so named because he speaks on behalf of the Commons to the Sovereign. He renounces party politics on his election, and acts as impartial chairman. He does not change with the Government, but is reelected each Parliament. He controls the member's parliamentary behaviour, and this function contrasts with the power of the Lord Chancellor. The Lord Chancellor is active in party politics, being one of the chief spokesmen for the Government. He has no authority to speak on behalf of the whole House and has no power of discipline.
A new session of Parliament opens every year. The duration of Parliament is five years. In practice it ends sooner. Parliament's life is ended by the Sovereign who dissolves it. It is a constitutional convention that the Queen dissolves Parliament only at the request of the Prime Minister. The Queen issues a Proclamation to bring into being a new Parliament. The life of a Parliament is divided into Sessions, which ends by Prorogation, and each House may put off its meetings by resolution.
The main functions of Parliament are:
1) to make laws regulating the life of the community;
2) to make available finance for the needs of the community and to appropriate the funds necessary for the service of the State;
3) to criticise and control the Government.
The executive consists of government – that is the Prime Minister and Cabinet. The Prime Minister chooses a team of ministers, of whom 20 or so are in the Cabinet. Ministers may be members of either the House of Lords or the House of Commons. Certain offices usually carry a seat in the Cabinet: the Prime Minister, the Home and Foreign Secretaries, the Defence Secretary, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Secretary for Scotland, the Lord Chancellor and others. The meetings of the Cabinet are usually held at 10, Downing Street, which is the residence of the Prime Minister.
The Cabinet is responsible for initiating and directing the national policy, government departments, local authorities and public corporations.
The Sovereign's group of close advisers in high matters of state is known as the Privy Council. In theory it advises the Sovereign to make a certain course, but in practice it is a court and consists of the Law Lords.
Task 3. Answer the following questions:
Who rules the UK?
Which of the Parliament chambers has the greatest power?
Which of the words are used when the British Government is mentioned in the press: the Cabinet, the Downing Street 10, White Hall?
Who debates bills?
What chamber can delay bills?
Does the Crown decide on providing money for the Government?
Who runs the Government in Britain?
Who appoints Cabinet Ministers and other ministers?
Who approves the appointment of the Prime Minister?
Who becomes a Member of Parliament?
Who gives honours such as peerages, knighthood and medals?
Could you name the Head of the Commonwealth
Task 4. Pick out from the text all the word combinations with the following words and give their Ukrainian equivalents
to inherit, lord, appeal, to renounce, issue, to preside, office
Task 5. Translate the following sentences:
It is common knowledge that Great Britain, having the oldest Parliament in the world, has one of the most stable and effective political regimes of our time.
The Prime Minister chairs the meetings, selects its members, and also recommends their appointment as ministers by the Monarch.
An Act of Parliament creates a new law or changes an existing one.
Private Members' Bills are Public Bills introduced by MPs or Lords who are not ministers.
Public Bills are the most common type of Bill and change the law that applies to the general public.
Task 6. Make the following text complete by translating the phrases in brackets