Remember!

With the verbs of motion and those denoting perception: to enter, to leave, to come, to depart, to arrive; to see, to hear, to feel -never Perfect Participle is used. Coming home, Mary greeted her guests.

The Gerund

Functions	Example	After verbs:avoid,burst out,deny Avoid, burst out, deny, enjoy, excuse, finish, forgive, give up, go on, keen on, leave off, (don't) mind, postpone, put off, cannot help;
Subject	Reading helps us to learn language. It was just splendid meeting you here.
Predicate (part)	My favourite occupation is reading. Stop talking.	accuse of, agree to, approve, be aware of, busy, complain of, depend on, feel like, be
Attribute	You should review the rule of finding the roots.	fond of, insist on, look like, object to, persist in, prevent from, be phased at, be proud of, rely on, speak of, succeed in, be sure of, suspect of, thank for, think of, give up the idea of, look forward to, not like the idea of, miss the opportunity of.
Object	Don't put off preparing the lesson. She enioved sitting in the sun.
Adverbial modifier	The rain poured down without ceasine.

N in Possessive С.
Gerund Construction: +	Gerund
Possessive Pr.
1 know of his (John's) having studied German.
Mary was looking forward to Tom's ccomingcominaback.

Remember!

1. After the following adjectives: like, busy, worth the Gerund is used without (a)preposition

e.g. I was busy cleaning the windows.

2. After the following verbs: to begin, to start, to continue, to propose, to like, to try,to refuse, to intend, to forget, to prefer either the Infinite or the Gerund may beused.

e.g. The children began playing. The children began to play. He tikes speaking English. He likes to speak English.

3. After the verbs: to want, to need, to require Active (Voice) Gerund is used withthe Passive meaning.

e.g. These flowers need watering. The window wants cleaning.

Useful Prepositions (Прийменники)

1 Of time (часу)

IN	In the morning, in winter, in May, in 1991,in late September	вранці, зимою, в травні, 1991 року, в кінці вересня
AT	at 9p.m., at night, late at night, at dawn, at Easter	о 9-ій вечора, вночі, пізно вночі, на світанку, на Пасху
ON	on Sunday, on the 1st of April	в неділю, 1-го квітня
BY	by 5o'clock, by the end of the war, by spring	до 5-ої години, до кінця війни, до весни
DURING	during the game/the war	під час гри/війни
FOR	for three days, for some time	упродовж трьох днів, упродовж певного часу
FROM. TILL	from early morning till late at night, from 5till 7tomorrow	з раннього ранку до пізньої ночі, з 5 до 7 год.завтра
AFTER	after school, after supper	після школи, після вечері
IN	in a day or two, in a fortnight	через день-два, через два тижні
SINCE	since yesterday, since then	з вчорашнього дня, з того часу (відтоді)

1.of motion (руху)

2. of place (місця)